Rocky Top, Tennessee

Rocky Top (formerly Coal Creek and Lake City)
City
Rocky Top City Hall
Location of Rocky Top in Anderson and Campbell counties, Tennessee.
Coordinates: 36°13′27″N84°9′21″W / 36.22417°N 84.15583°W / 36.22417; -84.15583
Country	United States
State	Tennessee
Counties	Anderson, Campbell
Founded	1856 [1]
Incorporated	1939 [2]
Named for	"Rocky Top"
Government [3]
• Type	council-manager
•  Mayor	Kerry Templin
•  City Manager	Michael Ellis
•  City Council	List of Councilmen Mack Bunch(also Vice Mayor) Jeff Gilliam Stacy Phillips Zack Green
Area [4]
• Total	1.62 sq mi (4.19 km2)
• Land	1.62 sq mi (4.19 km2)
• Water	0.00 sq mi (0.00 km2)
Elevation [5]	869 ft (265 m)
Population  (2020) [6]
• Total	1,628
• Density	1,005.56/sq mi (388.22/km2)
Time zone	UTC-5 (Eastern (EST))
• Summer (DST)	UTC-4 (EDT)
ZIP code	37769
Area code	865
FIPS code	47-40240 [7]
GNIS feature ID	1290479 [5]
Website	rockytoptn.org

Rocky Top (formerly Coal Creek and Lake City) is a city in Anderson and Campbell counties in the eastern part of the U.S. state of Tennessee, northwest of Knoxville. The population was 1,628 at the 2020 US Census. ^[8] Most of the community is in Anderson County and is included in the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area. On June 26, 2014, the city officially changed its name from Lake City to Rocky Top, after a last-ditch effort by the copyright owners of the song "Rocky Top" was denied by a federal court. ^[9]

History

Founding and Coal Creek era

Child coal miners at Cross Mountain Mine near Coal Creek, 1910. Photo by Lewis Hine.

The town was originally named Coal Creek when it was founded in the early 19th century, after the 1798 Treaty of Tellico opened the area to settlement, ^[10] taking its name from the stream that runs through the town. Coal Creek and the nearby town of Briceville were the sites of a major lockout of coal miners in 1891, which resulted in the town of Coal Creek being occupied by the state militia for over a year after miners attempted to force an end to the use of unpaid convict labor in the mines. This labor struggle, known as the Coal Creek War, was eventually resolved in the coal miners' favor with the abolition of Tennessee's convict labor program. The Fraterville Mine disaster of 1902 occurred nearby, in the village of Fraterville.

Lake City era

The town adopted the name "Lake City" in 1936 after the Tennessee Valley Authority's completion of nearby Norris Dam formed an artificial lake, Norris Lake. Some area residents, including the nonprofit Coal Creek Watershed Foundation, urged a return to the old name of "Coal Creek" to commemorate the community's heritage. ^[11]

Rocky Top era to present day

In 2013, a business group proposed to construct and operate a water park in the city if its name was changed to "Rocky Top" to take advantage of the song of the same name. ^{[11] [12]} On November 7, 2013, Lake City's city council voted to ask the Tennessee General Assembly to amend the city charter to adopt the proposed name. ^{[11] [13] [14]} The House of Bryant, which owned the copyright to the song, as well as multiple trademarks and copyrights associated with it due to its status as the main University of Tennessee fight song, objected to the name change, asserting that it would violate intellectual property rights. ^{[11] [13]} On May 29, U.S. District Judge Thomas A. Varlan denied the House of Bryant's request for a preliminary injunction, holding that renaming the town was not likely to be deemed to be a use in commerce as required for trademark infringement. ^{[15] [16]}

On June 26, 2014, the name change was official after District Judge Varlan denied a last-minute attempt by House of Bryant to prevent the vote. ^[9] House of Bryant appealed to the Sixth Circuit Court of Appeals. ^[17]

As of 2018, the plans for the $100 million dollar water park remain in development as the company in charge of the project was waiting for approval of the land usage by the state government. Since 2014, the City of Rocky Top has seen minimal growth, with several retail and restaurants opening near the I-75 exit in the city's limits. ^[18]

The original Rocky Top in Tennessee is a peak on the border of North Carolina in the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, at 35.5642 degrees north latitude, 83.7138 degrees west longitude. It is 14 miles from Gatlinburg, Tennessee, where the song "Rocky Top" was written in Room 388 of The Gatlinburg Inn in 1967 by Boudleaux and Felice Bryant, but there is no record that the couple were aware of the peak when they wrote the song.

Geography

The vast majority of Rocky Top is located in northern Anderson County with a small portion in Campbell County. The city is the northern terminus of U.S. Route 441. Interstate 75 serves the city with two exits and leads south 24 miles (39 km) to Knoxville and north 145 miles (233 km) to Lexington, Kentucky. U.S. Route 25W also travels through the city.

According to the United States Census Bureau, Rocky Top has a total area of 1.6 square miles (4.1 km²), all land.

Demographics

Historical population

Census	Pop.	Note	%±
1880	800		—
1890	1,865		133.1%
1910	1,102		—
1920	1,204		9.3%
1930	1,116		−7.3%
1940	1,520		36.2%
1950	1,827		20.2%
1960	1,914		4.8%
1970	1,923		0.5%
1980	2,335		21.4%
1990	2,166		−7.2%
2000	1,888		−12.8%
2010	1,781		−5.7%
2020	1,628		−8.6%
Sources: [19] [20] --> [6]

As of the census ^[7] of 2000, there were 1,888 people, 815 households, and 485 families residing in the town. The population density was 1,186.1 inhabitants per square mile (458.0/km²). There were 900 housing units at an average density of 565.4 per square mile (218.3/km²). The racial makeup of the town was 98.78% White, 0.11% African American, 0.48% Native American, 0.16% Asian, 0.26% from other races, and 0.21% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.42% of the population.

There were 815 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 38.7% were married couples living together, 16.9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.4% were non-families. 37.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.17 and the average family size was 2.84.

In the town, the population was spread out, with 21.9% under the age of 18, 5.9% from 18 to 24, 24.8% from 25 to 44, 23.8% from 45 to 64, and 23.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43 years. For every 100 females, there were 78.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 71.3 males.

The median income for a household in the town was $14,844, and the median income for a family was $21,895. Males had a median income of $25,469 versus $17,115 for females. The per capita income for the town was $10,615. About 31.8% of families and 32.0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31.7% of those under age 18 and 23.7% of those age 65 or over.

Parks and recreation

Norris Dam State Park is located near Rocky Top. ^[21]

Notable people

Rocky Top is the hometown of songwriter Dean Dillon, whose songs have become hits for singers including George Strait, Toby Keith, Keith Whitley, George Jones, and Kenny Chesney. ^[22] Rocky Top (then Coal Creek) was also the birthplace of early 20th century artist Catherine Wiley (1879–1958). ^[23]

References

1. Paul Hellman, Historical Gazetteer of the United States (Taylor and Francis, 2005), p. 1018.
2. Tennessee Blue Book , 2005–2006, pp. 618–625.
3. "Rocky Top". Municipal Technical Advisory Service. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
4. "ArcGIS REST Services Directory". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
5. U.S. Geological Survey Geographic Names Information System: Rocky Top, Tennessee
6. "Census Population API". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved October 15, 2022.
7. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved January 31, 2008.
8. 2020 US Census. https://data.census.gov/profile/Rocky_Top_city,_Tennessee?g=160XX00US4764668
9. Scott, Mary (June 26, 2014). "Home sweet home: Lake City changes name to Rocky Top". WBIR. Retrieved June 26, 2014.
10. Summerlin, Cathy (February 1, 1999). Traveling Tennessee: A Complete Tour Guide to the Volunteer State from the Highlands of the Smoky Mountains to the Banks of the Mississippi River. Thomas Nelson Inc. p. 133. ISBN   9781418559687 . Retrieved July 2, 2014.
11. John Huotari (November 7, 2013). "Lake City recommends Rocky Top name change, but receives copyright warning". Oak Ridge Today.
12. Donna Smith (November 6, 2013). "From Lake City to Rocky Top? Developers make case to community". The Oak Ridger .
13. "Lake City votes to change name to Rocky Top". WBIR-TV. November 7, 2013. Archived from the original on November 10, 2013.
14. "Depressed former mining town hopes to strike gold by changing name to Rocky Top, Tenn". Washington Post . Associated Press. November 8, 2013. Archived from the original on December 5, 2018.
15. Smith, Donna (May 30, 2014). "Judge won't stop Lake City's 'Rocky Top' name change". The Oak Ridger. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
16. Huotari, John (May 30, 2014). "U.S. judge denies request to stop Lake City's name change to Rocky Top". The Oak Ridger. Retrieved May 30, 2014.
17. "House Of Bryant Publications v. City Of Lake City, TN, et al., no. 14-5767". Justia.com. Justia. June 25, 2014. Retrieved December 1, 2015.
18. Ball, David (July 17, 2018). "$100M water park to Rocky Top? Officials explain delays". WVLT-TV . Retrieved August 4, 2020.
19. "Census of Population and Housing: Decennial Censuses". United States Census Bureau . Retrieved March 4, 2012.
20. "Incorporated Places and Minor Civil Divisions Datasets: Subcounty Resident Population Estimates: April 1, 2010 to July 1, 2012". Population Estimates. U.S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on June 11, 2013. Retrieved December 11, 2013.
21. "Welcome Page". City of Rocky Top. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
22. https://www.allmusic.com/artist/p71100/biography
23. Elizabeth Moore, Anna Catherine Wiley. Tennessee Encyclopedia of History and Culture, 2002. Retrieved: June 22, 2010.

Further reading

• Cawood, Chris (1995). Tennessee's Coal Creek War: Another Fight for Freedom. Magnolia Hill Press. ISBN   9780964223103.
• Drash, Wayne (May 4, 2014). "Tennessee town's rocky road to becoming Rocky Top". CNN.com. Retrieved May 4, 2014.

External links

• Official website
• Municipal Technical Advisory Service entry for Rocky Top – information on local government, elections, and link to charter