The design assignment was issued in 1969. The development of Project 949 was a new stage in the development of APRC-class submarines, which, in accordance with the concept of asymmetric response, were tasked with countering aircraft carrier strike formations. The new missile submarines were to replace the submarines of Projects 659 and 675 and in accordance with the terms of reference surpassed them in all basic parameters - could launch missiles from both surface and underwater position, had less noise, higher underwater speed, three times higher ammunition, missiles with radically improved combat capabilities. Project 949 became the pinnacle and the end of the development of highly specialized submarines (aircraft carrier killers).
In December 2011, they became known that the Rubin Central Design Bureau had developed a modernization project. It is planned to replace the P-700 missiles with the more modern P-800 Oniks missiles from the Caliber family. Modification of launch containers is planned, without alteration of the hull. The modernization of the nuclear submarine of the Northern Fleet will be carried out at the Zvezdochka CS, and the Zvezda shipyard.[3]
The design is double-hulled, with a distance between a light and durable body of 3.5 meters, which provides a significant buoyancy margin, up to 30%, and provides additional protection against underwater explosions. For their characteristic appearance, they received the nickname baton,[4] and for their powerful strike weapons they were nicknamed aircraft carrier killers. The robust housing is divided into ten internal compartments.[5]
At the end of August 1994, Omsk under the command of Captain 1st Rank A.S. Astapov left the Zapadnaya Litsa Bay, rounded the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya, went under the ice and went out into the high latitudes of the Arctic Ocean by the trench of St. Anna. Then, in difficult hydrometeorological and ice conditions and in navigationally dangerous areas in the shallow waters of the Chukchi Sea, she made the transition and became part of the 10th division of the 2nd flotilla of submarines based in Kamchatka. In 15 days, the submarine covered about 4,000 miles (6,400km) under the ice. The senior on board was Rear Admiral I. N. Kozlov. For the preparation and implementation of the ice crossing from the North to Kamchatka, both officers were awarded the title of Hero of Russia in 1996.
In 2013, Omsk under the command of Captain 1st Rank Roman Velichenko became the winner of the competition between multipurpose nuclear-powered ships to search for and destroy enemy submarines with the performance of practical firing with torpedoes.[7]
From 2015 to 2019, Omsk was undergoing repairs and modernization at the Zvezda Aircraft Factory. From May to June it was tested, in June 2019 the submarine was transferred to the Pacific Fleet after modernization.[8]
On 29 June 2019, the press service of the Eastern Military District reported that Omsk was transferred to the Pacific Fleet after the completion of scheduled repairs and technical modernization.[9][10] The ship handover ceremony took place at the Zvezda shipyard in the Far East in the town of Bolshoy Kamen. Before that, during the tests, the submarine successfully completed a number of test tasks in the waters of the Sea of Japan, including deep-sea diving.[11] All mechanisms and systems have been tested in combat conditions.[6] In the course of modernization, launch complexes of cruise missiles Oniks and 3M-54 Kalibr were installed onboard Omsk.[12] The atomic reactor was also recharged.[6] For the excellent modernization and repair of Omsk, Chief of Staff of the Pacific Fleet - First Deputy Fleet Commander Vice Admiral Sergei Rekish awarded the most employees of the Zvezda plant with medals 110 years of the Russian submarine fleet.[13] On 9 August, the submarine returned to its permanent base in Kamchatka.
In the first post-refit exercise, Omsk successfully destroyed SSBN Alexander Nevsky in a simulated exercise.[14] At the end of 2019, the Omsk crew won two challenge prizes from the Commander-in-Chief of the Navy - for the destruction of enemy ships by firing cruise missiles at sea targets and for the search and destruction of enemy submarines with the execution of a torpedo attack.[15]
In 2019, its commander was Captain 2nd Rank Oleg Aleksandrovich Grishayev.
On 27 August 2020, during the Ocean Shield 2020 exercise, the missile cruiser Varyag and Omsk jointly fired in the Bering Sea; Omsk hit the target with a P-700 Granit missile at a distance of more than 320 kilometers. On 28 August 2020, it surfaced in international territorial waters off the Pacific coast of Alaska, which worried local fishermen.[16][17]
On 4 August 2021, Omsk returned from deployment,[18] with Kuzbass returning on 24 August.[19]Omsk was rumoured to have taken part in the large scale exercise off the Hawaii Islands, the first post-Cold war Russian exercise in the area, with cruiser, two destroyers, three corvettes, nuclear submarine and several strategic bombers.[20]
Again underway on 29 September 2021, firing a Granit missile in a joint exercise with Guards Missile Cruiser Varyag.[21]
On 15 July 2022, Omsk (along with Tomsk and Kuzbass) returned from three month deployment.[22]
On 19 September 2022, Omsk and SSN Novosibirsk launched Granit (SS-N-19 Shipwreck) and Onyx (SS-N-26 Strobile) cruise missiles against a seaborne target in the Chukchi Sea.[23]
The Oscar class, Soviet designations Project 949 Granit and Project 949A Antey, are a series of nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines designed in the Soviet Union for the Soviet Navy. First built in the 1970s, six remain in service with the Russian Navy. Two other vessels were slated to be modernized since at least 2017 as Project 949AM, to extend their service life and increase combat capabilities but it is unclear whether work continues as of 2023.
The Kirov class, Soviet designation Project 1144 Orlan, is a class of nuclear-powered guided-missile battlecruisers of the Soviet Navy and Russian Navy, the largest and heaviest surface combatant warships in operation in the world. Among modern warships, they are second in size only to large aircraft carriers, and of similar size to a World War I-era battleship. The ships are often referred to as battlecruisers by Western defence commentators due to their size and general appearance. The Soviet classification of the ship-type is "heavy nuclear-powered guided-missile cruiser".
The Russian navy is the naval arm of the Russian Armed Forces. It has existed in various forms since 1696; its present iteration was formed in January 1992 when it succeeded the Navy of the Commonwealth of Independent States.
The Northern Fleet is the fleet of the Russian Navy in the Arctic.
The Borei class, alternate transliteration Borey, Russian designation Project 955 Borei and Project 955A Borei-A, are a series of nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarines being constructed by Sevmash for the Russian Navy. The class has been replacing the steadily retiring Russian Navy Delta III and Delta IV classes and fully retired Typhoon, all three classes being Soviet-era submarines.
Pyotr Velikiy is the fourth Kirov-class battlecruiser of the Russian Navy. She was initially named Yuri Andropov after Yuri Andropov, the former General Secretary of the Communist Party, but the ship's name was changed after the fall of the Soviet Union. The Russian designation for the type is "heavy nuclear missile cruiser", but Western defense commentators have resurrected the term "battlecruiser" to describe them, as they are the largest surface "line of battle" warships in the world. Pyotr Velikiy is the flagship of the Northern Fleet.
The Yasen class, Russian designations Project 885 Yasen and Project 885M Yasen-M, also referred to as the Graney class, are a series of nuclear-powered cruise missile submarines designed by the Malakhit Marine Engineering Bureau and built by Sevmash for the Russian Navy. Design work commenced in earnest in the 1980s with the first submarine built in the 1990s–early 2010s with commissioning in 2013. Two additional boats to an upgraded Yasen-M design were commissioned in 2021 and six more are under construction. Based on the Akula class and Alfa class designs, the Yasen class is projected to replace the Russian Navy's current Soviet-era nuclear attack submarines. The Akula class is optimised for a hunter-killer role, whereas the Yasen class concept uses the platform as a nuclear guided missile submarine (SSGN).
Admiral Nakhimov is the third battlecruiser of the Russian Navy's Kirov class. The ship was originally commissioned into service with the Soviet Navy in 1988, known back then as Kalinin (Калинин), a name the ship kept until 1992 when it was renamed for Pavel Nakhimov. From 1997 Admiral Nakhimov is undergoing a repair and a refit to receive new and improved weaponry and had been scheduled to re-enter service with the Russian Navy in around 2022. The date for the ship's return to service is uncertain. In 2021 it was reported that the ship's return to service would be delayed until "at least" 2023 while in February 2022 it was reported that Sevmash CEO Mikhail Budnichenko noted that the warship was planned for delivery in 2022. Later in the year it was again reported that the vessel's return to service might be delayed as late as 2024, with this being eventually confirmed by the head of United Shipbuilding Corporation Alexei Rakhmanov.
Russian cruiser Varyag, is the third ship of the Slava-class of guided missile cruisers built for the Soviet Navy now serving the Russian Navy.
K-550 Alexander Nevsky is a Russian nuclear ballistic missile submarine of the fourth generation Borei class. Named after the Russian saint Alexander Nevsky, the submarine was laid down in March 2004 and was first planned to be launched in 2009. However, budgetary problems and repeated failures of the submarine's main weapon, the Bulava SLBM missile, pushed the launch date backward. Russian officials have however claimed that the submarine has been completed on time and even ahead of schedule.
K-549 Knyaz Vladimir is a Borei-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine, and the first upgraded Borei-A unit to enter service with the Russian Navy. The submarine is named after Knyaz Vladimir the Great.
K-266 Orel is a Project 949AM nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine (SSGN). She is one of three Oscar II submarines still serving in the Russian Northern Fleet, all assigned to the 11th Submarine Division, berthed at Guba Bolshaya Lopatka, on the Kola Peninsula northwest of Severomorsk.
K-573 Novosibirsk is a Yasen-class nuclear-powered cruise missile submarine of the Russian Navy. It is the second boat of the project Yasen-M. Considerable changes were made to the initial Yasen design. Differences in the project have appeared sufficient to consider it as a new upgraded version Yasen-M. The submarine is named after the city of Novosibirsk.
The K-119 Voronezh is an Oscar-class submarine in the Russian Navy.
The K-150 Tomsk is an Oscar-class submarine in the Russian Navy.
The K-410 Smolensk is an Oscar-class submarine in the Russian Navy.
The K-132 Irkutsk is an Oscar-class submarine in the Russian Navy.
The K-419 Kuzbass is an Akula-class submarine in the Russian Navy.
Generalissimus Suvorov is a Borei-class nuclear-powered ballistic missile submarine developed by the Rubin Design Bureau and constructed by the Sevmash for the Russian Navy. The submarine is named after Alexander Suvorov.
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