Ryan McGowan

Last updated

Ryan McGowan
Chile VS. Australia 4) (cropped).jpg
McGowan with Australia at the 2017 FIFA Confederations Cup
Personal information
Full name Ryan James McGowan [1]
Date of birth (1989-08-15) 15 August 1989 (age 34) [1]
Place of birth Adelaide, Australia
Height 1.91 m (6 ft 3 in) [2]
Position(s) Defender / Midfielder
Team information
Current team
 St Johnstone
Number 5
Youth career
2001–2004 Para Hills Knights
2004–2006 SASI
2006–2008 Heart of Midlothian
Senior career*
YearsTeamApps(Gls)
2006 Para Hills Knights 10 (1)
2008–2013 Heart of Midlothian 57 (2)
2009–2010 → Ayr United (loan) 28 (1)
2011 → Partick Thistle (loan) 8 (0)
2013–2014 Shandong Luneng Taishan 46 (2)
2015–2016 Dundee United 34 (1)
2016 Henan Jianye 28 (2)
2017 Guizhou Zhicheng 12 (0)
2017–2018 Al-Sharjah 10 (0)
2018–2019 Bradford City 26 (1)
2019 → Dundee (loan) 15 (0)
2019–2021 Sydney FC 50 (1)
2021–2022 Kuwait SC 15 (1)
2022– St Johnstone 56 (2)
International career‡
2005–2006 Australia U17 3 (0)
2007–2009 Australia U20 21 (0)
2011–2012 Australia U23 3 (0)
2012– Australia 22 (0)
*Club domestic league appearances and goals, correct as of 15 May 2024
‡ National team caps and goals, correct as of 2 February 2022

Ryan James McGowan (born 15 August 1989) is an Australian footballer who plays as a defender for St Johnstone.

Contents

He has previously played for Para Hills Knights, Heart of Midlothian, Shandong Luneng Taishan, Dundee United, Henan Jianye, Guizhou Zhicheng, Al-Sharjah, Bradford City, Sydney FC and Kuwait SC, with loan spells at Ayr United, Partick Thistle and Dundee.

McGowan has represented Australia at under-17, under-20, under-23 and at senior levels. McGowan has been officially designated as Socceroo #546 (2012).

Club career

Heart of Midlothian

McGowan began his career at Para Hills Knights [3] and was part of the South Australian Sports Institute, [4] before moving to Scottish Premier League club Hearts in 2006 and was promoted to the first-team in 2008. [3] He was the captain of Hearts' under 19 squad [3] before making his SPL debut as substitute on 13 May that year in the final league match of the 2007–08 season against Gretna. [5] Shortly after he signed a five-year contract with the club. [3]

After just the one first team appearance he was sent out on loan to Ayr United in October 2009. [6] His debut for Ayr came on 14 October, when he scored one of the goals in a 2–2 draw at home to Dundee. [7] In January 2010, the loan was extended until the end of the season. [8] In total, he made 30 appearances in all competitions, scoring one goal for Ayr. [9]

On his return under new manager Jim Jefferies he played as a substitute against Hamilton on 21 August 2010, [10] and against Celtic in September. [11] On 15 February 2011, he joined First Division team Partick Thistle on a three-month loan deal [12] and made his debut the same night. [13] In all he made eight appearances before returning to Hearts at the start of April. [14] After returning from his loan at Partick, McGowan made six more appearances for Hearts that season, [15] with his first start for Hearts coming on 7 May 2011 against Rangers [16]

On 23 July 2011, he started the 2011–12 season with a Sky Sports 'Man of the Match' performance against Rangers at Ibrox. [17] He began to establish himself as a member of the first team and played in the Europa League qualifiers against Paks [18] [19] and in the second leg against Tottenham at White Hart Lane, where Hearts drew 0–0 (losing 5–0 on aggregate). [20] McGowan scored his first goal for Hearts in an Edinburgh derby on 2 January. [21] Later in the same game he headbutted Ivan Sproule in the stomach, which the referee viewed and took no action, however the SFA compliance officer opened an investigation. [22] The compliance officer offered a two match ban. [23] Hearts denied it was violent conduct but accepted the ban offered. [24] The 2011–12 SPL season was a good one for McGowan, scoring 3 goals – including one in the 2012 Scottish Cup Final victory against Hibs – and winning the Hearts Young Player of the Year award. [25]

Ahead of the last day of summer transfer window, Rangers made a bid for Hearts duo McGowan and David Templeton worth combined £1.3m valuation for the duo but the move rejected. [26] Templeton went on to join Rangers but McGowan stayed, explaining that he needs to keep his international career status alive. [27] On 2 January 2013, it was announced that Hearts had accepted a bid of around £400,000 from Chinese side Shandong Luneng Taishan. [28] In all, McGowan made 73 appearances for the club. [29]

Shandong Luneng Taishan

On 7 January 2013, McGowan signed a two-year contract with Chinese Super League side Shandong Luneng Taishan. [30] He made his Chinese Super League debut for Shandong Luneng Taishan on 9 March 2013 against Dalian Aerbin. [31] In his last match for Shandong, he scored the winning goal in the injury time against Jiangsu Sainty in the second leg of 2014 Chinese FA Cup final. [32] However, Shandong Luneng decided not to extend his contract at the end of 2014 season.

Dundee United

On 23 January 2015, McGowan moved back to Scotland, signing an 18-month contract with Dundee United. [33] He made his debut on 31 January 2015, as Dundee United beat Aberdeen 2–1 in the semi-final of the Scottish League Cup at Hampden Park. [34]

Henan Jianye

McGowan returned to China on 21 January 2016 after he was transferred from Dundee United to Henan Jianye. The transfer fee was reported to be approximately £350,000. [35] He made his debut by scoring an own goal as Shanghai SIPG beat Henan Jianye 5–0. On 27 January 2017, McGowan was released by Henan Jianye. [36]

Guizhou Hengfeng Zhicheng

One month after leaving Henan Jianye, McGowan joined newly promoted Chinese Super League club Guizhou Hengfeng Zhicheng. [37] On 3 March 2017, he made his debut for Guizhou in a 1–1 home draw against Liaoning FC. [38]

Al-Sharjah

On 21 August 2017, McGowan joined UAE Arabian Gulf League side Al-Sharjah. [39]

Bradford City

On 26 January 2018, Ryan joined EFL League One side Bradford City from Al-Sharjah for an undisclosed fee. [40]

In January 2019 he was linked with a departure from the club, and a return to Scottish football with Dundee. [41] Later that month he moved on loan to Dundee. [42]

In May 2019, following Bradford City's relegation to League Two, it was announced that he would leave the club upon the expiry of his contract on 30 June 2019, one of 11 players to be released. [43]

Sydney FC

On 3 July 2019, McGowan signed a two-year contract with A-League club Sydney FC, while his brother Dylan earlier joining their derby rivals Western Sydney Wanderers. [44]

On 3 July 2021, Sydney FC announced that McGowan was leaving the club, having agreed to terms with an overseas club. [45]

Kuwait SC

On 7 July 2021, McGowan signed with Kuwait Premier League club Kuwait SC. [46]

St Johnstone

McGowan returned to Scottish football in July 2022, signing for St Johnstone. [47] He would score his first goal for the Saintees on 24 May 2023, a last-minute equaliser against Ross County. [48]

International career

McGowan with Olyroos in 2011 Ryan McGowan.jpg
McGowan with Olyroos in 2011

McGowan was part of the Australia team that qualified for the AFC Youth Championship 2008 in November 2007. [49] McGowan was selected for the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup in Egypt; his brother and teammate Dylan McGowan, was not selected. [50]

McGowan started in the first match for the Young Socceroos in the 2009 FIFA U-20 World Cup, and received a yellow and a straight red against the Czech Republic for a studs up challenge which resulted in a penalty. [51] He received his first call-up to the Australia senior squad in August 2012, when he was selected for the friendly match against Scotland, [52] making his debut as a late substitute replacing Sasa Ognenovski. [53] McGowan was booed by some sections of the home support due to his Hearts connections, [54] with the game being played at Easter Road. [55]

He was named in Australia's 2014 FIFA World Cup squad and provided the assist to Tim Cahill's goal in Australia 3–2 loss to the Netherlands.

Family and personal life

His parents emigrated to Australia in 1980, and McGowan was born in Adelaide [56] into a Scottish family from Glasgow. [3] His brother Dylan [57] currently plays for Hamilton Academical. [44]

Career statistics

Club

As of 15 May 2024 [58]
Appearances and goals by club, season and competition [59]
ClubSeasonLeagueNational CupLeague CupContinentalOtherTotal
DivisionAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoalsAppsGoals
Para Hills Knights 2006 South Australia Super League 10120———121
Hearts 2007–08 Scottish Premier League 100000——10
2008–09 Scottish Premier League000000——00
2010–11 Scottish Premier League800000——80
2011–12 Scottish Premier League282611030—383
2012–13 Scottish Premier League200102020—250
Hearts total57271305000723
Ayr United (loan) 2009–10 Scottish First Division 2812020—1 [lower-alpha 1] 0331
Partick Thistle (loan) 2010–11 Scottish First Division800000—0080
Shandong Luneng Taishan 2013 Chinese Super League 29110———301
2014 Chinese Super League17151—30—252
Shandong total46261003000553
Dundee United 2014–15 Scottish Premiership 1213020——171
2015–16 Scottish Premiership2200020——240
Dundee United total34130400000411
Henan Jianye 2016 Chinese Super League28220———302
Guizhou Hengfeng Zhicheng 2017 Chinese Super League12000———120
Al-Sharjah 2017–18 UAE Pro League 1000020——120
Bradford City 2017–18 League One 300000—0030
2018–19 League One2312010—00261
Bradford City total26120100000291
Dundee 2018–19 Scottish Premiership1500000——150
Sydney FC 2019–20 A-League 28110—20—311
2020–21 A-League220————220
Sydney total50110002000531
Kuwait SC 2021–22 Kuwait Premier League 15100001000161
St Johnstone 2022–23 Scottish Premiership2810010—00291
2023–24 Scottish Premiership2811041—00332
St Johnstone total56210510000623
Career total385141221711101042617

International

As of match played 3 June 2021
Australia
YearAppsGoals
201220
201360
201440
201520
201640
201720
202110
Total210

Honours

Hearts

Shandong Luneng Taishan

Sydney

Australia U-20

Individual

Notes

  1. ↑ Appearance(s) in Scottish Challenge Cup

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Matt McKay</span> Australian association football player

Matthew Graham McKay is a retired Australian professional footballer who last played for Australian A-League club Brisbane Roar, and previously with the Australian national team. McKay currently holds the club's record for league appearances, 272. McKay played for Brisbane Roar since their first season in the A-League, and was their club captain up until the 2010–11 season, in which he led Brisbane to their first ever A-League championship and premiership. Following this triumphant victory McKay sought a new challenge in the first division of the Scottish Premiership with Rangers. McKay played an integral role in Australia's second placing in the 2011 AFC Asian Cup notably with 30m cross to centre forward Harry Kewell. He was also part of the Australian squad at the 2014 World Cup and 2015 AFC Asian Cup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Paul McGowan (footballer)</span> Scottish footballer

Paul McGowan is a Scottish footballer who plays as an attacking midfielder for Cove Rangers.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ryan Stevenson (footballer)</span> Scottish footballer

Ryan Cairns Stevenson is a Scottish former professional footballer who played for Heart of Midlothian and St Johnstone, as well as English side Ipswich Town.

Stephen Simmons is a Scottish professional footballer.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eddie Malone</span> Scottish footballer

Edward Joseph "Eddie" Malone, is a Scottish association football player, who plays for East Stirlingshire.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rocky Visconte</span> Australian soccer player

Rocky Visconte is an Australian footballer who plays for Cumberland United.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dylan McGowan</span> Australian soccer player

Dylan John McGowan is an Australian professional footballer who plays as a defender.

Season 2011–12 for Hibernian was their 13th consecutive season of play in the Scottish Premier League (SPL). The season began on 24 July with a 2–0 home defeat by Celtic, who eliminated Hibs from the Scottish League Cup. With the club near the bottom of the league, manager Colin Calderwood was sacked and replaced with Pat Fenlon in November. Fenlon made several signings during January that helped the club to avoid relegation from the SPL. Hibs also reached the 2012 Scottish Cup Final, but this was lost 5–1 to local rivals Hearts.

The 2011–12 season was the 131st season of competitive football by Heart of Midlothian, and their 29th consecutive season in the top level of Scottish football, competing in the Scottish Premier League. Hearts also competed in the Europa League, Scottish Cup & the Scottish League Cup.

The 2011–12 season was St Mirren's sixth consecutive season in the Scottish Premier League, having competed in the league since their promotion in the 2005–06 season. St Mirren also competed in the League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

The 2011–12 season was Dundee's seventh consecutive season in the Scottish First Division, having been relegated from the Scottish Premier League at the end of the 2004–05 season. Dundee also competed in the Challenge Cup, League Cup and the Scottish Cup. Dundee was promoted to the Scottish Premier League at the end of the campaign after Rangers' liquidation meant a 2nd-place finish was enough to be promoted.

The 2012–13 season was the 132nd season of competitive football by Heart of Midlothian, and their 30th consecutive season in the top level of Scottish football, competing in the Scottish Premier League. Hearts also competed in the Europa League, League Cup and the Scottish Cup.

The 2012 Shanghai Shenxin F.C. season is Shenxin's 3rd consecutive season in the Chinese Super League. Shenxin will also be competing in the Chinese FA Cup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Martin Boyle</span> Scottish-Australian footballer (born 1993)

Martin Callie Boyle is a professional soccer player who plays for Scottish Premiership club Hibernian. Born in Scotland, he represents the Australia national team. He is a right sided winger who is also capable of playing as a forward.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">John Souttar</span> Scottish footballer

John Francis Souttar is a Scottish professional footballer who plays for Scottish Premiership club Rangers and the Scotland national team. He previously played for Dundee United and Heart of Midlothian before joining Rangers in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jason Cummings</span> Scottish/Australian footballer

Jason Steven Cummings is a professional footballer who plays as a striker for Indian Super League club Mohun Bagan. Born in Scotland, he represents the Australia national team, after previously representing Scotland at youth and senior international level.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lawrence Shankland</span> Scottish footballer (born 1995)

Lawrence Shankland is a Scottish professional footballer who plays as a striker for Scottish Premiership club Heart of Midlothian and the Scotland national team.

The 2018–19 season was Dundee's fifth consecutive season in the top flight of Scottish football since their promotion at the end of the 2013–14 season. Dundee also competed in the League Cup and the Scottish Cup. On 4 May, Dundee were automatically relegated to the Championship.

The 2019 Shandong Luneng Taishan F.C. season was Shandong Luneng Taishan's 16th consecutive season in the Chinese Super League, since the competition started with the 2004 season, and 26th consecutive season in the top flight of Chinese football overall. Shandong Luneng Taishan competed in the Chinese Super League, Chinese FA Cup and AFC Champions League.

The 2022–23 season was St Johnstone's tenth season in the Scottish Premiership and their fourteenth consecutively in the top flight of Scottish football. Saints were eliminated from the League Cup at the group stage. They also competed in the Scottish Cup.

References

  1. 1 2 "FIFA Confederations Cup Russia 2017: List of Players: Australia" (PDF). FIFA. 2 July 2017. p. 1. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2017.
  2. ↑ "Ryan McGowan". Socceroos.com.au. Football Federation Australia. Archived from the original on 18 March 2016. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 "Hearts Profile". Heart of Midlothian F.C. Archived from the original on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  4. ↑ "McGowan makes debut as Hearts romp to victory". tribalfootball.com. Tribal Football. 22 August 2010. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  5. ↑ "Gretna vs Hearts". Heart of Midlothian F.C. 13 May 2008. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  6. ↑ "Hearts youngster McGowan joins Ayr United on loan". tribalfootball.com. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
  7. ↑ "Ayr recovered from two goals down to snatch a point against title favourites Dundee". BBC Sport . 14 October 2009. Retrieved 2 February 2014.
  8. ↑ "Loan deals extended". Heart of Midlothian F.C. 1 January 2011. Archived from the original on 24 September 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  9. ↑ "Ayr United Profile". Ayr United. Archived from the original on 29 September 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  10. ↑ "Hamilton 0 – 4 Hearts". BBC Sport. BBC. 21 August 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  11. ↑ "Celtic 3 – 0 Hearts". BBC Sport. BBC. 11 September 2010. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  12. ↑ "Hearts youngster Ryan moves to Firhill". Scottish television. 15 February 2011. Archived from the original on 15 July 2012. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  13. ↑ "Cowdenbeath 1–1 Partick Thistle". BBC Sport. BBC. 15 February 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  14. ↑ "Ryan McGowan returns to Hearts from Partick". The Scotsman. Scotsman Publication. 1 April 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  15. ↑ "Games played by Ryan McGowan in 2010/2011". Soccerbase. Centurycomm. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  16. ↑ "Rangers 4 – 0 Hearts". BBC Sport. BBC. 7 May 2011. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  17. ↑ "Rangers 1 – 1 Hearts". BSkyB. 23 July 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  18. ↑ "Paksi 1 - 1 Hearts". BBC Sport. BBC. 28 July 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  19. ↑ "Hearts 4 – 1 Paks (agg 5 – 2)". BBC Sport. BBC. 3 August 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  20. ↑ "Tottenham 0 – 0 Hearts (agg 5 – 0)". BBC Sport. BBC. 25 August 2011. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  21. ↑ "Hibernian 1 – 3 Hearts". BBC Sport. BBC. 2 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  22. ↑ "Scottish FA to look at incident involving Ryan McGowan of Hearts". BBC Sport. BBC. 3 January 2012. Retrieved 3 January 2012.
  23. ↑ "Ryan McGowan faces two-match suspension". BBC Sport. BBC. 5 January 2012. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  24. ↑ "Ryan receives two match ban". Heart of Midlothian F.C. 6 January 2012. Archived from the original on 8 January 2012. Retrieved 6 January 2012.
  25. ↑ "Young Player of the Year votes are in". Hearts FC. 7 April 2012. Archived from the original on 10 April 2012. Retrieved 7 April 2012.
  26. ↑ "Rangers fail in bid for Hearts pair Ryan McGowan and David Templeton". Sports STV. 30 August 2012. Archived from the original on 5 February 2016. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  27. ↑ "Hearts star Ryan McGowan reveals why he snubbed move to Rangers". Daily Record. Glasgow. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
  28. ↑ "Hearts' Ryan McGowan to discuss Shandong Luneng Taisha move". BBC Sport. BBC. 2 January 2013. Retrieved 2 January 2013.
  29. ↑ "Soccerway Stats". Soccerway. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  30. ↑ "Two-year Chinese contract for Hearts hero Ryan McGowan". The Scotsman. Edinburgh Evening News. 7 January 2013. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  31. ↑ "Shandong Luneng Vs. Dalian Aerbin 1 – 0". Soccerway. Perform Group. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
  32. ↑ "Ryan McGowan scores 95th minute goal to win the Chinese FA Cup for Shandong Luneng". Fox Sports. 23 November 2014. Retrieved 30 January 2015.
  33. ↑ "AUSTRALIAN INTERNATIONALIST SIGNS ON". dufc.co. Dundee United F.C. 23 January 2015. Retrieved 23 January 2015.
  34. ↑ Wilson, Richard (31 January 2015). "Dundee United 2-1 Aberdeen". BBC Sport. Retrieved 1 February 2015.
  35. ↑ Fowler, Craig (21 January 2016). "Ryan McGowan leaves Dundee United for China return". Edinburgh Evening News. Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  36. ↑ 麦克格文宣布离开建业：难忘梦幻一年 想念你们. sina.com.cn (in Chinese). 27 January 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2017.
  37. ↑ Somerford, Ben (24 February 2017). "McGowan finds new home". FourFourTwo . Archived from the original on 21 April 2017. Retrieved 23 February 2017.
  38. ↑ 中超-石笑天染红耶拉维奇点杀 贵州主场1-1辽足 (in Chinese). sports.sina.com. 3 March 2017. Retrieved 5 March 2017.
  39. ↑ "UAE club sign the wrong McGowan brother". Fourfourtwo. Retrieved 9 October 2017.
  40. ↑ "Bradford City set to sign Ryan McGowan from Al-Sharjah". Sky Sports.
  41. ↑ "Dundee eye Bantams defender McGowan". Bradford Telegraph and Argus.
  42. ↑ "McGOWAN IN DUNDEE LOAN SWITCH". bradfordcityfc.co.uk. 31 January 2019. Retrieved 31 January 2019.
  43. ↑ Simon Parker (7 May 2019). "Bradford City announce retained list". Telegraph & Argus. Retrieved 7 May 2019.
  44. 1 2 McPartlin, Patrick (3 July 2019). "Ryan McGowan joins Sydney, will face brother and fellow ex-Hearts player Dylan McGowan in city derby". Edinburgh Evening News .
  45. ↑ "Ryan McGowan departs for overseas contract". Sydney FC . 4 July 2021.
  46. ↑ "Aussies Abroad: Ryan McGowan seals move to Kuwait SC". socceroos.com. 7 July 2021.
  47. ↑ "Ryan McGowan: St Johnstone sign former Australia and former Hearts defender". BBC Sport. 22 July 2022. Retrieved 23 July 2022.
  48. ↑ "County need final-day win after 95th-minute goal". BBC Sport. Retrieved 25 May 2023.
  49. ↑ "Qantas Young Socceroos downed by Korea Republic". Footballaustralia.com.au. 15 November 2007. Archived from the original on 11 October 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
  50. ↑ "Young Socceroos U20 World Cup Squad Revealed". Au.fourfourtwo.com. 8 September 2009. Archived from the original on 30 September 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2009.
  51. ↑ "CZECH REPUBLIC U20 VS. AUSTRALIA U20 2 – 1". Soccerway. 27 September 2009. Retrieved 3 September 2011.
  52. ↑ "Socceroos call-up Jambos ace McGowan for Scotland clash". Daily Record. Glasgow. 8 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  53. ↑ "Scotland 3–1". BBC Sport. BBC. 15 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  54. ↑ "McGowan and Black refuse to let boo boys spoil debuts". The Scotsman . 16 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  55. ↑ "McGowan inches closer to Socceroo debut". The Sydney Morning Herald . 14 August 2012. Retrieved 20 August 2012.
  56. ↑ "OzFootball profile". Australian Player Database. Retrieved 5 January 2012.
  57. ↑ "Ryan and Dylan McGowan on their heartfelt brotherly love". The Scotsman . 16 December 2012. Retrieved 7 January 2013.
  58. ↑ Ryan McGowan at Soccerbase
  59. ↑ Single source here, if player is inactive. If player has not retired, move source next to "Updated" template.
  60. ↑ "足协杯-麦克格文压哨绝杀 鲁能5-4舜天夺冠". Sports.sina.com.cn. 22 November 2014. Retrieved 19 August 2019.
  61. ↑ "Sydney FC set new Australian record with Grand Final success". Football Federation Australia . 1 September 2020. Retrieved 1 September 2020.
  62. ↑ "2014足协杯冠军含金量最足 青岛海牛成黑马代表". Archived from the original on 5 December 2014. Retrieved 9 April 2020.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.