Silver-haired bat

Last updated

Silver-haired bat
Silver-haired bat.JPG
Male captured in the Ozark National Scenic Riverways in 2010.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Chiroptera
Family: Vespertilionidae
Subfamily: Vespertilioninae
Tribe: Eptesicini
Genus: Lasionycteris
Peters, 1866
Species:
L. noctivagans
Binomial name
Lasionycteris noctivagans
(Le Conte, 1831)
Distribution of Lasionycteris noctivagans.png
Distribution of the silver-haired bat (2009)

The silver-haired bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans) is a solitary migratory species of vesper bat in the family Vespertilionidae and the only member of the genus Lasionycteris. [2]

Contents

Etymology

The species name translates as night-wandering, referring to the nocturnal behavior of bats.

Description

This medium-sized bat is predominantly black (including the wings, ears, interfemoral membrane, and fur) with white-tipped hairs. The basal upper half of its tail membrane is densely furred. This gives the bat a frosted appearance and its common name's sake. This species has a flattened skull with a broad rostrum. [3] This species weighs around 8–12 g, has a total length of ~100 mm, a tail length of 40 mm, and a forearm length of 37–44 mm. [4]

Distribution and habitat

Lasionycteris noctivagans is found in Bermuda, Canada, Mexico, and the United States. This forest inhabitant is known to occur from southeastern Alaska in summer to northeastern Mexico in winter [5] and is found in arid habitats at low elevations during seasonal migrations. In Missouri, reproduction occurs in the northern dissected plains region, but reproductive females are believed to be absent from the southern Ozark highlands in the summer.

They often roost in tree cavities or in bark crevices on tree trunks, especially during migration. Their unique coloration makes them blend in with their roosting environment. [6] However, some individuals seem to overwinter in buildings, which may allow them to spend the winter in places that would otherwise be too cold for them. [7]

Life history

Copulation of tree bats is likely initiated during flight. After mating, tree bats hibernate alone in tree cavities, bark crevices, beneath leaf litter, or in the twilight zone of caves. Gestation typically takes 50–60 days, so that parturition of pups occurs in early summer when insect availability is high. [8] Pups are born breech by presentation, and the mother consumes the placenta [9] Females typically give birth to two offspring, with an even sex ratio.

Diet and foraging behavior

Silver-haired bats consume primarily soft-bodied insects, such as moths, but will also take spiders and harvestmen. This species will forage low, over both still and running water, and also in forest openings. Silver-haired bats are slow but maneuverable flyers that typically detect prey a short distance away. [10]

Conservation threats

In addition to the hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) and eastern red bat (Lasiurus borealis), the silver-haired bat is one of the three tree bat species most commonly killed at wind energy facilities (over 75% of the mortalities). [11]

The causative agent of white-nose syndrome, Pseudogymnoascus destructans , has been detected on a silver-haired bat in Delaware, although this species does not suffer the same mass mortalities observed in smaller-bodied hibernating North American cave bats. [12]

Like all bats, silver-haired bats are vulnerable to population threats because of their inherently low reproductive rate. [13]

Rabies

Most bats do not have rabies; however, most recent human rabies deaths have been due to a strain of rabies associated with this species. [6] In 2015, a Wyoming woman woke up to a bat on her shoulder later to be identified as a silver-haired bat. She presented to the emergency department several weeks later with ataxia, dysphagia, and weakness. After over a week of diagnostic workup, she was determined to have the rabies virus, which was traced to the bat incident. She died several days later. [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tricolored bat</span> Species of bat

The tricolored bat or American perimyotis is a species of microbat native to eastern North America. Formerly known as the eastern pipistrelle, based on the incorrect belief that it was closely related to European Pipistrellus species, the closest known relative of the tricolored bat is now recognized as the canyon bat. Its common name "tricolored bat" derives from the coloration of the hairs on its back, which have three distinct color bands. It is the smallest bat species in the eastern and midwestern US, with individuals weighing only 4.6–7.9 g (0.16–0.28 oz). This species mates in the fall before hibernation, though due to sperm storage, females do not become pregnant until the spring. Young are born helpless, though rapidly develop, flying and foraging for themselves by four weeks old. It has a relatively long lifespan, and can live nearly fifteen years.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Big brown bat</span> Species of vesper bat

The big brown bat is a species of vesper bat distributed widely throughout North America, the Caribbean, and the northern portion of South America. It was first described as a species in 1796. Compared to other microbats, the big brown bat is relatively large, weighing 15–26 g (0.53–0.92 oz) and possessing a wingspan of 32.5–35 cm (12.8–13.8 in).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indiana bat</span> Species of bat

The Indiana bat is a medium-sized mouse-eared bat native to North America. It lives primarily in Southern and Midwestern U.S. states and is listed as an endangered species. The Indiana bat is grey, black, or chestnut in color and is 1.2–2.0 in long and weighs 4.5–9.5 g (0.16–0.34 oz). It is similar in appearance to the more common little brown bat, but is distinguished by its feet size, toe hair length, pink lips, and a keel on the calcar.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hoary bat</span> Species of bat

The hoary bat is a species of bat in the vesper bat family, Vespertilionidae. It lives throughout most of North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Southern yellow bat</span> Species of bat

The southern yellow bat is a species of vesper bat that belongs to suborder microchiroptera (microbat) in the family Vespertilionidae. It is native to South, North and Central America, from the Rio Grande Valley of Texas in the United States to Argentina.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eastern red bat</span> Species of bat

The eastern red bat is a species of microbat in the family Vespertilionidae. Eastern red bats are widespread across eastern North America, with additional records in Bermuda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Evening bat</span> Species of bat

The evening bat is a species of bat in the vesper bat family that is native to North America. Hunting at night, they eat beetles, moths, and other flying insects.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Common noctule</span> Species of bat

The common noctule is a species of insectivorous bat common throughout Europe, Asia, and North Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hawaiian hoary bat</span> Species of bat

The Hawaiian hoary bat, also known as ʻōpeʻapeʻa, is a species of bat endemic to the islands of Hawaiʻi. The Hawaiian hoary bat occupies the major Hawaiian islands, making it the only extant and native terrestrial mammal in the islands. Some studies report that the mainland hoary bat lives in sympatry on the Hawaiian Islands alongside the Hawaiian hoary bat, although this is disputed. The Hawaiian hoary bat was officially named the state land mammal of Hawaiʻi in 2015. It is a federally listed endangered taxon of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Townsend's big-eared bat</span> Species of bat

Townsend's big-eared bat is a species of vesper bat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Long-legged myotis</span> Species of vesper bat

The long-legged myotis is a species of vesper bat that can be found in western Canada, Mexico, and the western United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Little brown bat</span> Species of mammal found in North America

The little brown bat or little brown myotis is an endangered species of mouse-eared microbat found in North America. It has a small body size and glossy brown fur. It is similar in appearance to several other mouse-eared bats, including the Indiana bat, northern long-eared bat, and Arizona myotis, to which it is closely related. Despite its name, the little brown bat is not closely related to the big brown bat, which belongs to a different genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Small mammals of Yellowstone National Park</span>

There are at least 50 small mammal species known to occur in Yellowstone National Park.

<i>Myotis septentrionalis</i> Species of mammal

Myotis septentrionalis, known as the northern long-eared bat or northern myotis, is a species of bat native to North America. There are no recognized subspecies. The northern long-eared bat is about 3–3.7 inches in length, with a wingspan of 9–10 inches. It is distinguishable by its long ears when comparing it to other bats in its genus. This species is commonly found in the northern United States and Southern Canada east of British Columbia. The geographic range includes 37 states.

There are eighteen indigenous species of bats in Canada, which are found in many parts of the country. They are insectivores, and are prey to falcons, hawks, owls, snakes, cats, and raccoons.

References

  1. Solari, S. (2019). "Lasionycteris noctivagans". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2019: e.T11339A22122128. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-1.RLTS.T11339A22122128.en . Retrieved 17 November 2021.
  2. Simmons, N.B. (2005). "Order Chiroptera". In Wilson, D.E.; Reeder, D.M (eds.). Mammal Species of the World: A Taxonomic and Geographic Reference (3rd ed.). Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 499. ISBN   978-0-8018-8221-0. OCLC   62265494.
  3. Kunz, T. 1982. Lasionycteris noctivagans. American Society of Mammalogists. No 172 pp. 1-5. doi : 10.2307/3504029 JSTOR   3504029
  4. "Silver-haired Bat". The Mammals of Texas – Online Edition.
  5. Cryan, P.M. 2003. Seasonal distribution of migratory tree bats ( Lasiurus and Lasionycteris ) in North America. Journal of Mammalogy 84(2): 579-593.
  6. 1 2 Coming in Contact with Bats. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases (NCEZID) Division of High-Consequence Pathogens and Pathology (DHCPP).
  7. Kurta, Allen; Auteri, Giorgia G.; Hofmann, Joyce E.; Mengelkoch, Jean M.; White, J. Paul; Whitaker, John O.; Cooley, Thomas; Melotti, Julie (2018-04-17). "Influence of a Large Lake on the Winter Range of a Small Mammal: Lake Michigan and the Silver-Haired Bat (Lasionycteris noctivagans)" (PDF). Diversity. 10 (2): 24. doi: 10.3390/d10020024 .
  8. Hayssen, V., A. van Tienhoven, and A. van Tienhoven. 1993. Asdell’s patterns of mammalian reproduction. Comstock Publ. Assoc., Ithaca, NY.
  9. Kurta, A.D, and T.H. Kunz. 1987. Size of bats at birth and maternal investment during pregnancy. Symposia of the Zoological Society of London57:79–106.
  10. Barclay, R.M.R. 1985. Long-versus short-range foraging strategies of hoary (Lasiurus cinereus) and silver-haired (Lasionycteris noctivagans) bats and the consequences for prey selection. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 63(11):2507–2515. doi : 10.1139/z85-371
  11. Arnett EB, Brown WK, Erickson WP, Fiedler JK, Hamilton BL, Henry TH, et al. (2008). "Patterns of fatality of bats at wind energy facilities in North America". Journal of Wildlife Management. 72 (1): 61–78. doi:10.2193/2007-221.
  12. "White-nose Syndrome". Archived from the original on 2014-03-10. Retrieved 2014-03-03.
  13. Barclay, R.M.R., J. Ulmer, C.J.A. MacKenzee, M.S. Thompson, L. Olson, J. McCool, E.E. Cropey, and G. Poll. 2004. Variation in the reproductive rate of bats. Canadian Journal of Zoology. 82, 688–693. doi : 10.1139/z04-057
  14. Harrist, A; Styczynski, A; Wynn, D. "Human Rabies — Wyoming and Utah". CDC. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly. Retrieved 25 June 2021.