This article may contain an excessive amount of intricate detail that may interest only a particular audience.(November 2021) |
The Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report was first published in 2007 by the World Economic Forum (WEF). [1] The 2007 report covered 124 major and emerging economies. The 2008 report covered 130 countries, [2] the 2009 report expanded to 133 countries, [3] and the 2011 report to 139 countries. [4] The index is a measurement of the factors that make it attractive to develop business in the travel and tourism industry of individual countries, rather than a measure of a country attractiveness as a tourist destination. The report ranks selected nations according to the Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI), which scores from 1 to 6 the performance of a given country in each specific subindex. The overall index is made of three main subindexes: (1) regulatory framework; (2) business environment and infrastructure; and (3) human, cultural, and natural resources. The Report also includes a specific Country Profile for each of the nations evaluated, with each of the scores received to estimate its TTCI, and complementary information regarding key economic indicators from the World Bank, and country indicators from the World Tourism Organization and the World Travel and Tourism Council. The last Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report was published in 2019.
From the 2021 report, WEF publishes the Travel and Tourism Development Index (TTDI) as an evolution of the TTCI. [5]
For the 2008 index, each of the three main subindexes is made of the scoring of the following 14 variables, called pillars in the TTC Report. Several changes were introduced in the 2008 TTCI in the definition of the variables as compared to the definitions of the 2007 TTCI. [2] First, the “environmental regulation” pillar was improved with help from the IUCN and the UNWTO, and for the 2008 index was renamed the “environmental sustainability” pillar to “better reflect its components and to capture the increasingly recognized importance of sustainability in the sector’s development.” [6] Second, the original pillar “natural and cultural resources” was divided into two separate subcomponents: “natural resources” and “cultural resources”, thus, allowing to differentiate those countries which do not necessarily have the same strengths or weaknesses in these two different resources. In general, the model was improved with better data and new concepts were introduced. [2] The 2009 and 2011 reports kept the same 14 variables. [3] [4]
|
|
Pillars by Subindexes (–2013) | ||
---|---|---|
Regulatory framework | Business environment and infrastructure | Human, cultural, and natural resources |
Policy rules and regulations | Air transport infrastructure | Human resources |
Environmental sustainability | Ground transport infrastructure | Affinity for Travel & Tourism |
Safety and security | Tourism infrastructure | Natural resources |
Health and hygiene | Information and Communications Techn. infrastr. | Cultural resources |
Prioritization of Travel and Tourism | Price competitiveness in T&T industry |
The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index for 2011. [4]
Top 10 Middle East
| Top 10 Americas
| Top 10 Asia Pacific
|
Top 10 Sub-Saharan Africa
| Top 10 Europe
|
The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index for 2009. [3]
Top 10 Middle East and Africa
| Top 10 Americas
| Top 10 Asia Pacific
| Top 10 Europe
|
The number in parentheses in the continent ranking corresponds to the position in the world's ranking for the overall index in 2008. [2]
Top 10 Africa
| Top 10 Americas
| Top 10 Asia
| Top 10 Europe
|
The 1988 Summer Olympics took place in Seoul, South Korea. The swimming competition, held from September 18 to September 25, was notable for the seven medals, including five golds, won by Matt Biondi, the six golds won by Kristin Otto, and the three individual golds won by Janet Evans. 633 participants from 77 countries were competing.
The 4th FINA World Swimming Championships was an international swimming meet organized by FINA, held 1–4 April 1999 at the Hong Kong Coliseum in Hong Kong. It features 516 swimmers from 61 nations, swimming in 40 short course events.
At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain, 31 swimming events were contested. There was a total of 641 participants from 92 countries competing.
The Global Competitiveness Report (GCR) was a yearly report published by the World Economic Forum. Between 2004 and 2020, the Global Competitiveness Report ranked countries based on the Global Competitiveness Index, developed by Xavier Sala-i-Martin and Elsa V. Artadi. Before that, the macroeconomic ranks were based on Jeffrey Sachs's Growth Development Index and the microeconomic ranks were based on Michael Porter's Business Competitiveness Index. The Global Competitiveness Index integrates the macroeconomic and the micro/business aspects of competitiveness into a single index.
Tourism is a growing sector and key to the economy of several regions of Brazil. The country had 6.589 million visitors in 2018, ranking in terms of the international tourist arrivals as the second main destination in South America after Argentina and third in Latin America after Mexico and Argentina. Revenues from international tourists reached US$5.8 billion in 2015, continuing a recovery trend from the 2008–2009 economic crisis.
The most successful teams in women's international rugby union have been England, France, and New Zealand.
The Global Enabling Trade Report was first published in 2008 by the World Economic Forum.
The 2010 World Fencing Championships were held at the Grand Palais in Paris, France 4–13 November.
Levels of corruption in Luxembourg are generally said to be very low, and there a strong legal framework for combating corruption in the country. Surveys however indicate that a majority of the population believe political parties are either "corrupt" or "extremely corrupt."
Corruption in Iceland describes the prevention and occurrence of corruption in Iceland.
Transparency International's 2023 Corruption Perceptions Index scored Germany at 78 on a scale from 0 to 100. When ranked by score, Germany ranked 9th among the 180 countries in the Index, where the country ranked first is perceived to have the most honest public sector. For comparison with worldwide scores, the best score was 90, the average score was 43, and the worst score was 11. For comparison with regional scores, the highest score among Western European and European Union countries was 90, the average score was 65 and the lowest score was 42.
Corruption in the Netherlands is minimal in all major areas—judiciary, police, business, politics—as the country is considered one of the least corrupt within the European Union.
Fencing was contested at the 2017 Summer Universiade from August 20 to 25 at the National Taipei Nangang Exhibition Center in Taipei, Taiwan.
The 2019 Transplant Games were a multi-sport event held from 17 to 23 August 2019, in Newcastle-Gateshead, United Kingdom. They were the 22nd edition of the World Transplant Games.
The group stage of the 2007 Sudirman Cup was the first stage of the competition. It was held at Scotstoun Stadium in Glasgow, Scotland, from 11 to 14 June.
The 2022 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships were held in Liverpool, United Kingdom at the Liverpool Arena, from 29 October to 6 November 2022. The United Kingdom previously hosted this event in 1993 (Birmingham), 2009 (London) and 2015 (Glasgow).
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: url-status (link)