Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Republic of China

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The Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Republic of China [1] was a bilateral treaty signed by the United States and China on November 4, 1946. It became effective on November 30, 1948, following the mutual exchange of ratifications, pursuant to Article XXX. It fulfilled the desires of both countries to establish such a treaty as previously expressed in Article XII of the Treaty for Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China. [2] The US received a large number of economic privileges from this agreement and Chinese businesses complained of unfair competition from US products which dominated the China market. [3] While the treaty contained elements of equal rights, China was in no economic position to exercise its privileges vis-a-vis the vastly more developed US, which have led some scholars to describe the treaty as 'unfavourable' to China or comparing them to the Unequal Treaties. [4]

Contents

Terms of the Treaty

The terms of the Treaty are summarized as follows:

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References

  1. ↑ Treaty of Friendship, Commerce and Navigation between the United States of America and the Republic of China, Nov. 4, 1946, U.S.-China, 63 Stat. 1299, T.I.A.S. 1871, 6 Bevans 761, 25 U.N.T.S. 69.
  2. ↑ Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China and the Regulation of Related Matters, Jan. 11, 1943, U.S.-China, 57 Stat. 767, T.S. No. 984, 6 Bevans 739, 10 U.N.T.S. 261.
  3. ↑ Joseph K. S. Yick (1995). Making Urban Revolution in China: The CCP-GMD Struggle for Beiping-Tianjin, 1945-49. Routledge. p. 145. ISBN   9781563246067.
  4. ↑ Dong Wang (2005). China's Unequal Treaties: Narrating National History. Lexington Books. pp. 103–104. ISBN   9780739152973.
  5. ↑ Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce, July 3, 1844, U.S.-China, 8 Stat. 592, T.S. No 45, 6 Bevens 647, VII Martens Nouveau Recueil (ser. 1st) 134.
  6. ↑ Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce, June 18, 1858, U.S.-China, 12 Stat. 1023, T.S. No. 46, 6 Bevens 659.
  7. ↑ Convention between the United States and China for the Regulation of Trade, Nov. 8, 1859, U.S.-China, 12 Stat. 1069, T.S. No. 47, 6 Bevans 671.
  8. ↑ Treaty Providing Additional Articles to the Treaty between the United States and China, of June 18, 1858, July 28, 1868, U.S.-China, 16 Stat. 739, T.S. 48, 6 Bevens 680, XX Martens Nouveau Recueil (ser. 2d) 100.
  9. ↑ Treaty between the United States and China, Concerning Immigration, Nov. 17, 1880, U.S.-China, 22 Stat. 826, T.S. 49, 6 Bevens 685, XI Martens Nouveau Recueil (ser. 2d) 730.
  10. ↑ Supplemental Treaty between the United States and China, Concerning Commercial Intercourse and Judicial Procedure, Nov. 17, 1880, 22 Stat. 828, T.S. 50, 6 Bevens 688, XI Martens Nouveau Recueil (ser. 2d) 728.
  11. ↑ Treaty between the United States and China for the Extension of the Commercial Relations between them, Oct. 8, 1903, 33 Stat. 2208, T.S. 430, 6 Bevens 695, XXXI Martens Nouveau Recueil (ser. 2d) 587.
  12. ↑ Treaty between the United States and China, Confirming the Application of Five Per Cent Ad Valorem Rate on Duty to Importations of Goods into China by Citizens of the United States, Oct. 20, 1920, 42 Stat. 1955, T.S. 657, 6 Bevens 716, XV Martens Nouveau Recueil (ser. 3d) 694.
  13. ↑ Treaty Regulating Tariff Relations between the United States and the Republic of China, July 25, 1928, U.S.-China, 45 Stat. 2742, T.S. 773, 6 Bevens 721, 107 L.N.T.S. 121.
  14. ↑ Treaty for the Relinquishment of Extraterritorial Rights in China and the Regulation of Related Matters, Jan. 11, 1943, U.S.-China, 57 Stat. 767, T.S. No. 984, 6 Bevans 739, 10 U.N.T.S. 261.
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