Wardha

Last updated

Wardha
City
India Maharashtra location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Wardha
Location in Maharashtra, India
India location map 3.png
Red pog.svg
Wardha
Wardha (India)
Coordinates: 20°44′30″N78°36′20″E / 20.74167°N 78.60556°E / 20.74167; 78.60556
Country Flag of India.svg  India
State Maharashtra
District Wardha
Area
 • Total75 km2 (29 sq mi)
 • RankEast Vidarbha: 3rd
Elevation
234 m (768 ft)
Population
 (2011) [1]
 • Total106,444
 • RankEast vidarbha: 3rd
 • Density1,400/km2 (3,700/sq mi)
Languages
 • Official Marathi
Time zone UTC+5:30 (IST)
Vehicle registration MH-32
Website www.wardha.nic.in

Wardha is a city and a municipal council in Wardha district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. The administrative headquarter of Wardha district is situated here. Wardha gets its name from the Wardha River which flows on the northern, western and southern boundaries of the district. Founded in 1866, the town is now an important centre for cotton trade. Wardha was an important part of the Gandhian era.

Contents

History

Wardha was included in the empire of the Mauryas, Shungas, Satavahanas and Vakatakas. Pravarapura, modern Pavnar, was once the capital of the Vakataka dynasty. Vakatakas were contemporaries of the Imperial Guptas. Prabhavatigupta, the daughter of Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya), was married to the Vakataka ruler Rudrasena. The period of the Vakatakas was from the 2nd to the 5th century CE. The empire stretched from the Arabian Sea in the west to the Bay of Bengal in the east, and from the Narmada River in the north to the Krishna-Godavari delta in the south.

Later on, Wardha was ruled by the Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, Yadavas, the Delhi Sultanate, the Bahamani Sultanate, the Muslim ruler of Berar, Gonds and Marathas. Raja Bakht Buland Shah of Gond Dynasty, Raghuji of Bhonsale were the prominent rulers in the Medieval period.

During the 1850s Wardha district, (then a part of Nagpur district) fell into the hands of the British who included Wardha in the Central Province. In 1862, it was separated for convenient administrative purposes, and Kawatha near Pulgaon became the district headquarters. In 1866, the district headquarters was moved to Palakwadi village. The huts in the village were destroyed and a new city was constructed by English town-planner Sir Bachelor and Sir Reginald Craddock. This new city was named Wardha after the river Wardha which flows through the district.

Wardha has an adjacent city, Sevagram, and both were major centers for the Indian Independence Movement, especially as the location for an annual meeting of the Indian National Congress in 1934, and Mahatma Gandhi's Ashram.

Wardha was one of the pre-planned cities of British India. The town-planners were Sir Reginald Craddock and Sir Bachelor. In Craddock's memory, his name was given to the district's biggest school and an important road was named after Sir Bachelor in the British period. The Craddock School was renamed Mahatma Gandhi School. The District Hospital was named King George Hospital, but was renamed later on. The stone in which the old name was carved was at the main gate for more than a century. It was hidden by a new name board reading District Hospital. There are many buildings from the British period in the city, including the Z.P. old building, the Central Jail, the Church at Bajajwadi, and the Christian cemetery. The owners of Powale group and Dhandre group come from Wardha.

Geography and climate

Wardha is located at 20°45′N78°36′E / 20.75°N 78.60°E / 20.75; 78.60 . [2] It has an average elevation of 234 m (768 ft).

Climate data for Wardha (1981–2010, extremes 1966–2012)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)35.0
(95.0)		41.8
(107.2)		43.9
(111.0)		46.4
(115.5)		48.4
(119.1)		47.1
(116.8)		41.4
(106.5)		39.7
(103.5)		37.9
(100.2)		38.7
(101.7)		36.4
(97.5)		34.1
(93.4)		48.4
(119.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)28.6
(83.5)		31.5
(88.7)		36.2
(97.2)		41.1
(106.0)		42.7
(108.9)		37.1
(98.8)		31.7
(89.1)		30.4
(86.7)		31.6
(88.9)		32.3
(90.1)		30.0
(86.0)		28.8
(83.8)		33.5
(92.3)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)13.5
(56.3)		15.6
(60.1)		19.5
(67.1)		24.0
(75.2)		27.1
(80.8)		25.1
(77.2)		23.1
(73.6)		22.6
(72.7)		22.3
(72.1)		20.1
(68.2)		16.9
(62.4)		13.7
(56.7)		20.3
(68.5)
Record low °C (°F)6.7
(44.1)		7.4
(45.3)		7.4
(45.3)		15.9
(60.6)		16.9
(62.4)		13.9
(57.0)		14.9
(58.8)		12.9
(55.2)		16.5
(61.7)		10.5
(50.9)		8.5
(47.3)		6.2
(43.2)		6.2
(43.2)
Average rainfall mm (inches)14.1
(0.56)		6.2
(0.24)		11.4
(0.45)		4.8
(0.19)		11.2
(0.44)		166.9
(6.57)		267.9
(10.55)		258.3
(10.17)		136.6
(5.38)		59.4
(2.34)		18.6
(0.73)		10.7
(0.42)		966.1
(38.04)
Average rainy days0.80.61.10.41.07.712.011.47.33.11.00.747.1
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)42352722244969767056514447
Source: India Meteorological Department [3] [4]

Demographics

Wardha city is governed by a municipal council (category-A). According to the 2011 census, there are about 105,543 citizens within the municipal boundaries. [5] Urbanisation has helped develop neighboring villages including Sindi, Sawangi, Borgaon, Pipri, Mhasala, Nalwadi and Chitoda.

As of the 2011 Indian census, [6] Wardha district had a population of 1,296,157 [7] Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%. Wardha has an average literacy rate of 80%, higher than the national average of 59.5%: male literacy is 83%, and female literacy is 76%. In Wardha, 11% of the population is under six years of age. Wardha is the largest city in the Wardha distric.

Religion

The Gitai Mandir, contains all the verses of the Bhagvad Gita inscribed on granite slabs. Gitai Mandir, Wardha.JPG
The Gitai Mandir, contains all the verses of the Bhagvad Gita inscribed on granite slabs.

The population of Wardha city constitutes Hindus and Buddhists with a small percentage of Muslims, Christians, Jains and Sikhs. The main spoken language is Marathi and other languages include: Hindi, Marwari, Gujarati, Sindhi and Punjabi.

There are many temples, viharas, gurdwaras, Jain temples, mosques and churches of which Laxminarayan Temple (Bachchhraj Road), Lingi Mandir (Mahadeo Mandir) near Dr. Raosaheb Gade Bhavan, Vitthal Mandir (Hawaldarpura), Ganesh Mandir (Main Road), Gajanan Maharaj Mandir, Sai mandir (M.G. Road), Digambar and Shwetambar Jain temples (Mahadeopura), Shanti Stupa (Gopuri), Gurudwara (Samtanagar) are important. There is a church named St. Thomas Church in Wardha which was built by the British in 1874, and it was a part of the Church of England in India earlier, and later after the Indian Church Act of 1927 was passed it became part of the Church of India, Pakistan, Burma and Ceylon. It is the Anglican church where Sir Bachelor and Sir Reginald Craddock used to worship. It was a civil church, transferred to the Church of North India in 1970. CNI Church in Wardha was the main Presbyterian church before the formation of the Church of North India in 1970. CNI later established Christ Church in Sewagram.

YearMaleFemaleTotal PopulationChange
2001 [8] 5749953619111118-
2011 [9] 5369752747106444-4.206
Religion in Wardha City (2011) [10]
ReligionPercent
Hinduism
 
76.9%
Buddhism
 
10.82%
Islam
 
9.77%
Jainism
 
1.86%
Others
 
0.66%

Culture

In 1969, Marathi Sahitya Sammelan, the conference on Marathi Literature, was held in Wardha city. It was presided over by the president of the Conference Purushottam Shivram Rege.

Transport

This map shows railway stations in Wardha and its outskirts. Railway map of Wardha.jpg
This map shows railway stations in Wardha and its outskirts.

Wardha city is well-connected by roads to the other cities of Maharashtra. National Highway No.361 (Nagpur-Wardha-Yavatmal-Nanded-Latur-Tuljapur) passes through the city. Nagpur-Aurangabad-Mumbai Express Highway also passes through it. Former Chief Minister Devendra Fadnavis' dream project Samruddhi Mahamarg or Nagpur-Mumbai Communication Super Expressway will also pass from the outskirts of the city.

Wardha city is well-connected to most of the parts of India by railways. Wardha railway station is an important rail junction on the Howrah-Nagpur-Mumbai line. The town is also connected to the southern part of the country through Sevagram railway station. Traffic on the Mumbai-Kolkata route is mainly dealt with at Wardha Station, and traffic on the Delhi-Chennai route is dealt with at Sewagram Station (formerly Wardha East station).[ citation needed ] A new Wardha–Nanded line via Yavatmal, Pusad, and Deoli is being constructed. Both the Delhi-Chennai and the Mumbai-Kolkata railway routes are already carrying heavy traffic and both routes are actually one between Sewagram and Nagpur stations. A new third and fourth line is under construction between Sewagram and Nagpur stations to cater to the heavy traffic.

The Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar International Airport at Nagpur is the nearest airport with scheduled air services.

Economy

Cotton farming and soybean cultivation in Kharif is quite common. The government has provided canals to irrigate during Rabi season when bengal gram (chickpea) becomes a popular choice to sow.

Many institutions are encouraging farmers to go natural or organic, but the lack of support systems either with the availability of techniques or the marketability of this produce is preventing the spread of this movement.

Wardha is becoming the second industrial hub of the Vidarbha area. This is due to its geographical location and good rail and road connectivity. In the last few decades, many companies and industrial plants were established there. Some of the major industrial plants include steel and powerplant factories.

Wardha IT park of C. Dass group is under construction at the IT park in the city. It is the second in the Vidarbha region after Nagpur. It is located at MIDC area on the Wardha-Sevagram road.

Education

The Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences is the major medical college in the city. Bapurao Deshmukh College of Engineering founded by the trust in the name of freedom fighter Shri Bapurao Deshmukh is the oldest engineering college in the city. The Ramkrishna Bajaj College Of Agriculture is an agriculture college in the city. The Mahatma Gandhi Antarrashtriya Hindi Vishwavidyalaya is an international lingual college in the city. There are many other private as well as government institutions in Wardha. In short, some of the notable institutions in Wardha are given below.

Important places

Gitai Mandir

This temple is in Gopuri near Vishwa Shanti Stupa. It is a unique temple in India as it has no deity or roof. It has only walls made of granite slabs on which 18 chapters of Gitai (Shrimad-bhagwad-gita in Marathi) are inscribed. The walls enclose a little park. The temple was inaugurated by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1980. Besides it are two exhibitions about the lives of Acharya Vinoba Bhave and Jamnalal Bajaj.

Vishwa Shanti Stupa

The Vishwa Shanti Stupa in Wardha Viswasanthi Stupa, Wardha.JPG
The Vishwa Shanti Stupa in Wardha

Vishwa Shanti Stupa was a dream of Nichidatsu Fujii or Fujii guruji as he was called by Gandhi. It is beside Gitai Mandir. It is a large white stupa. Statues of Buddha are mounted on stupa in four directions. It also has a small Japanese Buddhist temple with a large park. There is a temple near the stupa where prayers are said for universal peace. It is one of many Peace Pagodas that have been built around the world.

Magan Sangrahalaya

Magan Sangrahalaya, a museum about rural innovations, technologies Magan Sangrahalaya, Wardha.JPG
Magan Sangrahalaya, a museum about rural innovations, technologies

This museum was inaugurated by Mahatma Gandhi in 1938. It is in Maganwadi near the village's center of Science. The purpose of the museum is to spread awareness about the research and development of rural industries, agriculture, dairy, various types of charkhas, khadi, handicrafts by rural artisans, methods to promote the Swadeshi movement, magandeep khadi bhandar, sele khadi gramodyog khadi cloth and gramodyog products, and gandhi charkha sample, for example.

Sevagram Ashram

Sevagram Ashram was the residence of Mahatma Gandhi from 1936 to 1948. After his 1930 Dandi salt march, he decided not to return to his ashram at Sabarmati. After spending two years in jail, he travelled around India and, at the invitation of the Gandhian industrialist Jamnalal Bajaj, stayed for some time in Wardha City at Jamnalal's bungalow. [11] In 1936, at the age of 67, Gandhiji moved to a village (which he subsequently called Sewagram - (Hindi for village of service) at the outskirts of Wardha and started to live here in a group of huts with his wife Kasturba and other disciples. This slowly grew into an ashram, where Gandhi lived with his followers for the next twelve years, until his death. The premises are very calming. Many personal items used by Gandhi and his contemporaries are preserved here including his spectacles, telephone, notebook, tables, mats, etc... [12]

Paramdham Ashram/ "Brahma Vidya Mandir"

This ashram was established by Acharya Vinoba Bhave in 1934 at Pawnar on the bank of the river Dham with a spiritual purpose. He also established Brahma Vidya Mandir ashram within it. He started the Bhoodan Movement. It was also the starting point of Bharat Chhodo Andolan . Pawnar is an ancient city dating back to Mahabharata. During the Bhonsle reign Pawnar was the Vidarbha Kingdom's most important military station. During excavation for the construction of the ashram, many sculptures and idols were found which are kept at the ashram which is open to visitors.

Kelzar Ganpati Mandir

The Kelzar Ganpati Mandir is about 26 km (16 mi) from Wardha on the Nagpur Road. This temple is on a hill and is surrounded by forests and hills near the Bor National Tiger Reserve and Bird Sanctuary. It is a historical place and its history goes back to Vashishtha Purana.

The place is also mentioned in Mahabharata as Ekchakranagari. According to myth, Pandavas lived here during agyatvas. Bhima killed Bakasura at this place and threw him down this hill. An ancient cave where Bakasura lived is at foot of the hill and his famous well is also nearby. This well has sculptured stones on its inner wall and stairs. Remains of an old fort are also seen here. Finding sculptures during digging for any purpose is common. Sculptures relating to Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism have been found, the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) is not paying attention to this. Many sculptures have been ruined due to lack of proper care. Some sculptures can be seen in this temple, on a nearby hillock, the gram panchayat office, the Buddha Vihar.

Dahegaonaa (Gosavi) [13] is 5 km away from Kelzar where Tuljapur railway station connects to Nagpur and Wardha.

Shree Sant Kejaji Maharaj Mandir

The Shree sant kejaji Maharaj Mandir is about 17 km (11 mi) from Wardha on the Nagpur Road. This temple is surrounded by the Bor river. The Bor National Tiger Reserve and bird sanctuary are 16 km away from the temple.

In the twelfth century, the movement of saints started in Maharashtra. From the twelfth century onwards, Saint Dnyaneshwar started the work of spiritual and social reform through Bhakti Marg. It has been said that Tukaram Maharaj had completed his life till the 16th century. Saint has been pleased. The building was in the fruit. Gyanadeva Rachila found. Raised it .. Janardan Eknath Bhagwat raises the flag. Hymn slower Tuka Hallelsey Summon .. The legacy of this devotion has been undertaken by many saints in Maharashtra. This is the supernatural father-son Sant Kijaji and Sant Namdev Maharaj who came to Vidarbha 183 years ago. Ghorad became a Pandari in Vidarbha town. Kejaji was a spiritual person. He always used to worship Lord Vitthal for his devotion. As Kejaji Maharaj gradually became popular, Raje used to come to see Raghuji Bhosale Maharaj. Hand-made artwork is visible in Shiv Mandir temple

Notable people

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vinoba Bhave</span> Advocate of non-violence and human rights

Vinayak Narahari Bhave, also known as Vinoba Bhave, was an Indian advocate of nonviolence and human rights. Often called Acharya, he is best known for the Bhoodan Movement. He is considered as National Teacher of India and the spiritual successor of Mahatma Gandhi. He was an eminent philosopher. The Gita has been translated into the Marathi language by him with the title Geetai.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Baba Amte</span> Indian Social Worker, Reformer and Activist

Murlidhar Devidas Amte, popularly known as Baba Amte, was an Indian social worker and social activist known particularly for his work for the rehabilitation and empowerment of people suffering from leprosy. He has received numerous awards and prizes including the Padma Vibhushan, the Dr. Ambedkar International Award, the Gandhi Peace Prize, the Ramon Magsaysay Award, the Templeton Prize and the Jamnalal Bajaj Award. He is also known as the modern Gandhi of India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Yavatmal district</span> District of Maharashtra in India

Yavatmal district, [jəʋət̪maːɭ] formerly known as Yeotmal, is a district of the Indian state of Maharashtra. It is located in the region of Vidarbha, in the east-central part of the state. It is Vidarbha's third-largest district by population, after Nagpur and Amravati. Yavatmal city is the administrative headquarters of the district.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shegaon</span> City in Maharashtra, India

Shegaon is a city and municipal council in the Buldhana district in the Indian state of Maharashtra. Shegaon has become a pilgrimage centre due to the influence of Shri Sant Gajanan Maharaj, who is a Hindu saint.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sabarmati Ashram</span> Residence of Mahatma Gandhi (1917–1930)

Sabarmati Ashram is located in the Sabarmati suburb of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, adjoining the Ashram Road, on the banks of the River Sabarmati, 4 miles (6.4 km) from the town hall. This was one of the many residences of Mahatma Gandhi who lived at Sabarmati (Gujarat) and Sevagram when he was not travelling across India or in prison. He lived in Sabarmati or Wardha for a total of twelve years with his wife Kasturba Gandhi and followers, including Vinoba Bhave. The Bhagavad Gita was recited here daily as part of the Ashram schedule.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sevagram</span> Village in Maharashtra

Sevagram is a town in the state of Maharashtra, India. It was the place of Mahatma Gandhi's ashram and his residence from 1936 to his death in 1948. After Sabarmati, Sevagram Ashram holds immense importance due to the residence of Mahatma Gandhi.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amravati district</span> District of Maharashtra in India

Amravati district is a district of Maharashtra state in central India. It is the administrative headquarter of Amravati division, which is one of the two divisions in Vidarbha, out of total 6 regions in state of Maharashtra.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Wardha district</span> District of Maharashtra in India

Wardha District is in the state of Maharashtra in western India. This district is a part of Nagpur Division. The city of Wardha is the administrative headquarter of the district. Hinganghat, Pulgaon, Arvi and Wardha are the major cities in the District. The District had a population of 1,300,774, of which 26.28% were urban as of 2011.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Jamnalal Bajaj</span> Indian industrialist

Jamnalal Kaniram Bajaj was an Indian industrialist. He founded the Bajaj Group of companies in the 1920s, and the group now has 24 companies, including six that are listed on the bourses. He was also a close and beloved associate of Mahatma Gandhi, who is known to have often declared that Jamnalal was his fifth son.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Narayan Desai</span> Indian Gandhian

Narayan Desai was an Indian Gandhian and author.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences</span>

The Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences (MGIMS) is India's first rural medical college, located in Sevagram, Maharashtra, India. It is managed by the Kasturba Health Society. The college was earlier affiliated to the Nagpur University (1969–1997) and from year 1998 it is now affiliated to the Maharashtra University of Health Sciences (MUHS), Nashik.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bhadravati, Maharashtra</span> City in Maharashtra, India

Bhadravati is a city and a municipal council in Chandrapur district in the state of Maharashtra, India. It lies 26 km from Chandrapur city. Bhadravati city has recently bagged the Best City in 'Innovation & Best Practices' award under the population Category - 50K to 1 Lakh from the Government of India under Swach Surverkshan Awards-2021. It has also bagged 8th Rank in being the cleanest city under category population Category - 50K to 1 Lakh under Swach Surverkshan Awards-2021 amongst 132 cities nominated.

Khiroda is a village in Jalgaon district in the state of Maharashtra in India, located in the Satpuda Hills 7 km north of Savda on the Burhanpur - Ankaleshwar Road. Khiroda has a population of 7,000.

Thakurdas Bang was an Indian Gandhian philosopher and Gandhian economist. He was involved in the Indian independence movement. He practised Gandhism, Gandhian philosophy, Gandhian study even at the age of 95. He was also involved in Khadi and Sarvodaya movements. As an economic professor in G S College of Commerce he motivated many students like Madhukarrao Chaudhari, Justice Chandrashekhar Shankar Dharmadhikari and Ramakrushna Bajaj to participate in the freedom struggle. He is succeeded by Abhay Bang and Ashok Bang. Ashok Bang decided to work for issues related to farming and Abhay decided to work for health of villagers. Abhay and Rani Bang founded SEARCH - a non-profit organization in Gadchiroli, which is involved in rural health service and research

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarla Behn</span> English Gandhian social activist

Sarala Behn was an English Gandhian social activist whose work in the Kumaon region of India helped create awareness about the environmental destruction in the Himalayan forests of the state. She played a key role in the evolution of the Chipko Movement and influenced a number of Gandhian environmentalists in India including Chandi Prasad Bhatt, Bimala behn and Sunderlal Bahuguna. Along with Mirabehn, she is known as one of Mahatma Gandhi's two English daughters. The two women's work in Garhwal and Kumaon, respectively, played a key role in bringing focus on issues of environmental degradation and conservation in independent India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Shobhana Ranade</span> Indian social worker

Shobhana Ranade is an Indian social worker and Gandhian, known for her services towards her cause of destitute women and children. The Government of India honoured her in 2011, with the Padma Bhushan—the third highest civilian award—for her services to the society.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mahatma Gandhi Institute for Rural Industrialization</span> Autonomous institution located in Wardha, Maharashtra, India

MGIRI Mahatma Gandhi Institute for Rural Industrialization (MGIRI), earlier named as National Institute for Rural Industrilization (NIRI), is an autonomous institution located in Wardha, Maharashtra, India whose purpose is to accelerate the process of rural industrialization by providing science and technology support. It is inspired by the Gandhian vision of sustainable and self reliant village economy.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rabindra Nath Upadhyay</span> Indian social worker and Gandhian

Rabindra Nath Upadhyay (1923–2010) was an Indian social worker, Gandhian and the founder of Tamulpur Anchalik Gramdan Sangha (TAGS), a non governmental organization working for the social development of the rural people in the Kumarikata village of Assam. He was a recipient of the 2003 Jamnalal Bajaj Award. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian award of the Padma Shri, in 2000, for his services to the society.

Padmanabha Pillai Gopinathan Nair was an Indian social worker, Gandhian, independence activist, and the chairman of Mahatma Gandhi National Memorial Trust. He participated in the Quit India movement of 1942 and worked alongside Vinoba Bhave to promote Bhoodan and Gramdan movements. He was the initiator of the camp movement, a student program that was part of the Construction Movement of Mahatma Gandhi. He was a recipient of the Jamnalal Bajaj Award, among other honors. The Government of India awarded him the fourth highest civilian honour of the Padma Shri, in 2016, for his contributions to society.

Ramkrishna Bajaj (1923―1994) was an Indian businessman and freedom fighter who was a close associate of Mahatma Gandhi. He used to describe himself as 'Mahatma Gandhi's coolie'. He spent four years in jail from 1942 to 1946 for participating in the Quit India Movement. He was the head of the Bajaj Group of Industries and served as the chairman of the Jamnalal Bajaj Foundation and Jamnalal Bajaj Seva Trust.

References

  1. ↑ "Census of India: Search Details". Archived from the original on 24 September 2015.
  2. ↑ Wardha District at a Glance Archived 4 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine . Wardha.nic.in. Retrieved on 2013-05-04.
  3. ↑ "Station: Wardha Climatological Table 1981–2010" (PDF). Climatological Normals 1981–2010. India Meteorological Department. January 2015. pp. 797–798. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  4. ↑ "Extremes of Temperature & Rainfall for Indian Stations (Up to 2012)" (PDF). India Meteorological Department. December 2016. p. M154. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 February 2020. Retrieved 3 April 2020.
  5. ↑ Wardha City Population Census 2011 | Maharashtra. Census2011.co.in. Retrieved on 2013-05-04.
  6. ↑ "Census of India 2001: Data from the 2001 Census, including cities, villages and towns (Provisional)". Census Commission of India. Archived from the original on 16 June 2004. Retrieved 1 November 2008.
  7. ↑ Wardha District Population Census 2011, Maharashtra literacy sex ratio and density. Census2011.co.in. Retrieved on 2013-05-04.
  8. ↑ Census India 2001.
  9. ↑ Census India 2011.
  10. ↑ "Wardha Population 2011". census2011.
  11. ↑ Desai, Mahadev (1968). Day-to-day with Gandhi: Secretary's Diary. Mahadev Haribhai Desai. doi:10.1177/097492846902500124. S2CID   151164862.
  12. ↑ "The history of Sewagram". gandhiashramsevagram.org/. The Gandhi Ashram, Sevagram (Official website). Retrieved 17 June 2014.
  13. ↑ dahegaon(gosavi) had political presence of Dhandre Family.
  14. ↑ "It's Elementary! A Niche New Hobby Occupies India's Element Collectors". IndiaTimes. 3 October 2023. Retrieved 29 March 2024.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.