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The Muscogee,also known as the Mvskoke,Muscogee Creek,and the Muscogee Creek Confederacy,are a group of related indigenous peoples of the Southeastern Woodlands in the United States of America. Their original homelands are in what now comprises southern Tennessee,much of Alabama,western Georgia and parts of northern Florida.
The Seminole Wars were three related military conflicts in Florida between the United States and the Seminole,citizens of a Native American nation which formed in the region during the early 18th century. Hostilities commenced about 1816 and continued through 1858,with two periods of uneasy truce between active conflict. The Seminole Wars were the longest and most expensive,in both human and financial cost to the United States,of the American Indian Wars.
East Florida was a colony of Great Britain from 1763 to 1783 and a province of Spanish Florida from 1783 to 1821. Great Britain gained control of the long-established Spanish colony of La Florida in 1763 as part of the treaty ending the French and Indian War. Deciding that the territory was too large to administer as a single unit,Britain divided Florida into two colonies separated by the Apalachicola River:East Florida with its capital in St. Augustine and West Florida with its capital in Pensacola. East Florida was much larger and comprised the bulk of the former Spanish territory of Florida and most of the current state of Florida. However,most of the Spanish population,including all of St Augustine emigrated after the treaty.
The Second Seminole War,also known as the Florida War,was a conflict from 1835 to 1842 in Florida between the United States and groups collectively known as Seminoles,consisting of Native Americans and Black Indians. It was part of a series of conflicts called the Seminole Wars. The Second Seminole War,often referred to as the Seminole War,is regarded as "the longest and most costly of the Indian conflicts of the United States".
The Territory of Florida was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from March 30,1822,until March 3,1845,when it was admitted to the Union as the state of Florida. Originally the Spanish territory of La Florida,and later the provinces of East and West Florida,it was ceded to the United States as part of the 1819 Adams–Onís Treaty. It was governed by the Florida Territorial Council.
Nathaniel Lyon was the first Union general to be killed in the American Civil War. He is noted for his actions in Missouri in 1861,at the beginning of the conflict,to forestall secret secessionist plans of the governor Claiborne Jackson.
Prospect Bluff Historic Sites is located in Franklin County,Florida,on the Apalachicola River,6 miles (9.7 km) SW of Sumatra,Florida. The site contains the ruins of two forts
The Battle of Pensacola was a battle of the Creek War during the War of 1812,in which American forces fought against forces from the kingdoms of Britain and Spain who were aided by the Creek Indians and African-American slaves allied with the British. General Andrew Jackson led his infantry against British and Spanish forces controlling the city of Pensacola in Spanish Florida. Allied forces abandoned the city,and the remaining Spanish forces surrendered to Jackson.
Isaiah David Hart was an American plantation owner,and the founder of Jacksonville,Florida. Originally from Georgia,Hart took up arms against Spain in the Patriot Rebellion of 1812. After moving to a location near the cow ford on the narrows of the St. Johns River,he began platting the town in 1822,and later served as postmaster,court clerk,commissioner of pilotage,judge of elections,major in the local militia during the Seminole War,and as a Whig member of the Florida Territorial Senate. The Isaiah D. Hart Bridge over the St. Johns River in Jacksonville is named after him.
Thomas Sidney Jesup was a United States Army officer known as the "Father of the Modern Quartermaster Corps". His 52-year (1808–1860) military career was one of the longest in the history of the United States Army.
The Arbuthnot and Ambrister incident occurred in 1818 during the First Seminole War. American General Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida and captured and executed Alexander George Arbuthnot and Robert C. Ambrister,two British subjects charged with aiding Seminole and Creek Indians against the United States. Arbuthnot and Ambrister were tried and executed in modern Bay County,Florida,near what continues to be called Court Martial Lake,near Sand Hills. Jackson's actions triggered short-lived protests from the British and Spanish governments and an investigation by the United States Congress. Congressional reports found fault with Jackson's handling of the trial and execution of Arbuthnot and Ambrister,but Congress chose not to censure the popular general.
Daniel P. Tyler IV was an iron manufacturer,railroad president,and one of the first Union Army generals of the American Civil War.
The presidency of James Monroe began on March 4,1817,when James Monroe was inaugurated as President of the United States,and ended on March 4,1825. Monroe,the fifth United States president,took office after winning the 1816 presidential election by an overwhelming margin over Federalist Rufus King. This election was the last in which the Federalists fielded a presidential candidate,and Monroe was unopposed in the 1820 presidential election. A member of the Democratic-Republican Party,Monroe was succeeded by Secretary of State John Quincy Adams.
Arnold Elzey Jones Jr.,known for much of his life simply as Arnold Elzey,was a soldier in both the United States Army and the Confederate Army,serving as a major general in the American Civil War. At First Manassas,he became one of the few officers ever to receive an on-the-field promotion to general by President Jefferson Davis. He commanded a brigade in Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign,and was badly wounded at Gaines Mill,ending his active field career.
Fort Bowyer was a short-lived earthen and stockade fortification that the United States Army erected in 1813 on Mobile Point,near the mouth of Mobile Bay in what is now Baldwin County,Alabama,but then was part of the Mississippi Territory. The British twice attacked the fort during the War of 1812.
Events from the year 1818 in the United States.
Fort Crawford was a fort that once provided defense for settlers in what is today East Brewton,Alabama.
JoséMasot,also known as JoséFascot,was a senior officer of the Spanish Navy who served as governor of West Florida,subdelegate of the intendant,and superintendent general for an island in the Escambia river,from March 1816 until his deposition in May 1818 by American general Andrew Jackson.
Josiah Francis,also called Francis the Prophet,native name Hillis Hadjo,was "a charismatic religious leader" of the Red Stick Creek Indians. According to the historian Frank Owsley,he became "the most ardent advocate of war against the white man,as he believed in the supremacy of the Creek culture over that of the whites". He traveled to London as a representative of several related tribal groups,unsuccessfully seeking British support against the expansionism of the United States,then was captured and hanged by General Andrew Jackson shortly after his return to Spanish Florida.
Milly Francis,daughter of Creek leader Josiah Francis,was born near what is today Montgomery,Alabama,about 1803. Her name is sometimes thought to be an Anglicization of the Creek name "Malee",but the most recent thinking is that "Milly" was her birth name. She was a member of the Red Stick faction of the Creek tribe.
