Related Research Articles
Wahhabism is a reformist Islamic religious movement within Sunni Islam, based on the teachings of 18th century Hanbali cleric Muhammad ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab. The term "Wahhabism" is primarily an exonym ; it was not used by Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab himself or adherents to the movement, who typically prefer to be called "Salafi". The movement's early followers referred to themselves as Muwahhidun derived from the term Tawhid. The term "Wahhabi" has also been deployed by various outsiders as a sectarian and Islamophobic slur.
The Salafi movement or Salafism is a revival movement within Sunni Islam, which was formed as a socio-religious resistance to European imperialism during the late 19th century and has remained influential in the Islamic World for over a century. The name "Salafiyya" refers to advocacy of a return to the traditions of the "pious predecessors", the first three generations of Muslims, who are believed to exemplify the pure form of Islam. In practice, Salafis maintain that Muslims ought to rely on the Qur'an, the Sunnah and the 'Ijma (consensus) of the salaf, giving these writings precedence over later religious interpretations. The Salafi movement aimed to achieve a renewal of Muslim life and had a major influence on many Muslim thinkers and movements across the Islamic world.
Zaydism is one of the three main branches of Shia Islam that emerged in the eighth century following Zayd ibn Ali‘s unsuccessful rebellion against the Umayyad Caliphate. Zaydism is typically considered to be a branch of Shia Islam that comes closest to the Sunni, although the "classical" form of Zaydism over the centuries had changed its posture with regard to Sunni and Shia traditions multiple times, to the point where interpretation of Zaydi as Shia is often based on just their acceptance of Ali as a rightful successor to Muhammad. Zaydis regard the rationalism as more important than Quranic literalism and in the past were quite tolerant towards Sunni Shafiism, a religion of about half of the Yemenis.
This is an alphabetical list of topics related to Islam, the history of Islam, Islamic culture, and the present-day Muslim world, intended to provide inspiration for the creation of new articles and categories. This list is not complete; please add to it as needed. This list may contain multiple transliterations of the same word: please do not delete the multiple alternative spellings—instead, please make redirects to the appropriate pre-existing Wikipedia article if one is present.
Ahl-i-Hadith or Ahl-e-Hadith is a Salafi reform movement that emerged in North India in the mid-nineteenth century from the teachings of Sayyid Ahmad Shahid, Syed Nazeer Husain and Nawab Siddiq Hasan Khan. It is an offshoot of the 19th-century Indian Tariqah-i-Muhammadiya movement tied to the 18th-century traditions of Shah Waliullah Dehlawi and the Wahhabi movement. The adherents of the movement described themselves variously as "Muwahideen" and as "Ahl e-Hadith."
Muhammad Nasir al-Din, commonly known by his nisbaal-Albani, was an Albanian Islamic scholar. In particular he was a famous Salafi hadith scholar. A major figure of the Salafi methodology of Islam, he established his reputation in Syria, where his family had moved and where he was educated as a child.
Muhammad ibn Salih al-Uthaymin was a Saudi Islamic scholar.
Muhammad Rashid Rida was a prominent early Salafist Sunni Islamic scholar, reformer, theologian, and revivalist. As a Salafi scholar who called for the revival of hadith studies and a theoretician of an Islamic state, Riḍā condemned the rising currents of secularism and nationalism across the Islamic world following the abolition of the Ottoman sultanate and championed a global pan-Islamist program aimed at re-establishing an Islamic caliphate.
Muḥammad ibn Ali ibn Muḥammad ibn Abd Allah, better known as al-Shawkānī (1759–1834), was a prominent Yemeni Sunni Islamic scholar, jurist, theologian and reformer. Shawkani was one of the most influential proponents of Athari theology and is revered as one of their canonical scholars by Salafi Muslims. His teachings played a major role in the emergence of the Salafi movement. Influenced by the teachings of the medieval Hanbali scholar Ibn Taymiyya, Al-Shawkani became noteworthy for his staunch stances against the practice of Taqlid, calls for direct interpretation of Scriptures, opposition to Kalam as well as for his robust opposition to various folk practices which he condemned as shirk (idolatry).
Rabīʿ bin Hādī ʿUmayr al Madkhalī is a Saudi professor who is a former head of the Sunnah Studies Department at the Islamic University of Madinah. He is a Salafi Muslim scholar who is considered to be one of Salafism's prominent thinkers. He was most active in the 90’s and early 2000s where he received praise from other Salafi and Wahhabi scholars like Shaykh Salih Ibn Uthaymeen and Shaykh Abdul Aziz Bin Baz. Another prominent Salafi scholar named Imam Albani labelled him the Imam of Jarh Wa Tad’il
Muqbil bin Hadi bin Muqbil bin Qa’idah al-Hamdani al-Wadi’i al-Khallali was an Islamic scholar in Yemen. He was the founder of a Madrasa in Dammaj which was known as a centre for Salafi ideology and its multi-national student population. Muqbil was noted for his fierce criticisms of the Egyptian Islamist scholar Sayyid Qutb.
Islamic modernism is a movement that has been described as "the first Muslim ideological response to the Western cultural challenge," attempting to reconcile the Islamic faith with modern values such as democracy, civil rights, rationality, equality, and progress. It featured a "critical reexamination of the classical conceptions and methods of jurisprudence", and a new approach to Islamic theology and Quranic exegesis (Tafsir). A contemporary definition describes it as an "effort to re-read Islam's fundamental sources—the Qur'an and the Sunna, —by placing them in their historical context, and then reinterpreting them, non-literally, in the light of the modern context."
Salafi jihadism, also known as revolutionary Salafism or jihadist Salafism, is a religious-political Sunni Islamist ideology that seeks to establish a global caliphate, characterized by the advocacy of "physical" (military) jihadist attacks on non-Muslim and (takfired) Muslim targets. The Salafist interpretation of sacred Islamic texts is "in their most literal, traditional sense", which adherents claim will bring about the return to "true Islam".
Dammaj is a small town in the Sa'dahI Governorate of north-western Yemen, southeast by road from Sa'dah in a valley of the same name.
Manhaj (منهج) is an Arabic word meaning method, path or doctrine. In Islam, the systematic method of upholding Aqeedah and performing deeds is called Manhaj. It is an important part of Salafism. Salafism consists of two main areas, namely Aqidah and Manhaj. Aqidah refers to the beliefs of Salafis, while Manhaj refers to how these beliefs are practiced. Muhammad Nasiruddin al-Albani, when asked about the importance and difference between these two elements, replied that "Aqidah is more specific than Manhaj". He further emphasized that both Aqeedah and Manhaj are inseparable for one to become a Salafi and one cannot become Salafi in Aqeedah by applying Manhaj to the Ikhwani Salafi. In the case of Manhaj, it is the ideological element of modern Salafism that bears witness to differences and diversity. Some believe that Salafi Manhaj can also be seen in different forms. For example, Saleh Al-Fawzan states that manhaj means "the method of implementing the beliefs and laws of Islam" and that it comes in three different forms, namely, the method of dealing with religious sources, the method of worship or the way of worship and the way of dealing with the community or ummah.
The siege of Dammaj began in October 2011 when the Houthis, a Zaydi-led rebel group which controls the Sa'dah Governorate, accused Salafis loyal to the Yemeni government of smuggling weapons into their religious center in the town of Dammaj and demanded they hand over their weapons and military posts in the town. As the Salafis refused, Houthi rebels responded by imposing a siege on Dammaj, closing the main entrances leading to the town. The town was controlled by the Houthis and the fighting was mainly centered at Dar al-Hadith religious school, which was operated by Salafis.
Islah or Al-Islah is an Arabic word, usually translated as "reform", in the sense of "to improve, to better, to put something into a better position, correction, correcting something and removing vice, reworking, emendation, reparation, restoration, rectitude, probability, reconciliation." It is an important term in Islam. The Islamic concept of "Islah" advocates for moral advancement through a reformation based on the rudimental standards of the Qur'an, Sunnah and is characterised by an attitude of bypassing classical legal works in preference of the literature from the early Muslim generations. Islahi ulema opposes Taqlid, strongly argue for the necessity of Ijtihad and are often referred to as "Salafis".
Arab Salafi movement of early 20th century led by Syrian Salafi theologian Muhammad Rashid Rida championed various beliefs such as Pan-Islamism, anti-colonialism, revival of Athari theology based on the works of medieval theologian Ibn Taymiyya as well as rejection of partisanship to legal schools (mad'habs). After his death, Rida's ideas would later on be expanded by his disciples in varied ways. One such disciple, Abu Ya'la al Zawawi called for the creation of a committee of ulama to reconcile various Sunni legal mad'habs. The ultimate goal was the promotion of a single school of thought for all Muslims, “a pure ancestral madhhab [madhhaban salafiyyan mahdan], be it in creed or in worship and other religious practices.” Others such as Muhammad Munir al-Dimishqi would come to the defense of the mad'habs. He also condemned those who invited Muslims to act according to Qur'an and Sunnah alone without taqleed (imitation) or ittiba (following) of the 4 schools. Conveying his pro-madhab message, Munir asserted that taqleed (blind-following) is not dispensable for modern Muslims. Scholars like Mas'ud 'Alam al-Nadwi defined the Salafi movement in vague terms as "the movement of decisive revolution against stagnancy". Thus different notions of Salafi legal doctrines emerged amongst Rida's followers and competed for dominance. Some, like that of Munir remained marginal.
References
- ↑ Nasser Al-Sakkaf (2014-01-14). "Non-local Salafis evicted from Dammaj". Yemen Times . Archived from the original on 2016-01-03. Retrieved 2016-01-02.
A copy of the signed agreement between the Salafis and the Houthis was published on several news websites. The first point of the agreement called for a ceasefire between both parties and an end to the siege of Dammaj. The manager of the Dar Al-Hadeeth school, Yahia Al-Hajori, who is also cooperating with the agreement, is critical of it. He said that the presidential committee should guarantee compensation for costs associated with moving to Hodeida. He also asked for a guarantee from the committee that the Houthis will not follow them to the new area.
- ↑ Al Wasmi, Naser (2020-01-19). "Violence in Hajjah, Yemen's forgotten province, worsens humanitarian crisis". The National. Retrieved 2020-01-22.
- ↑ Laurent Bonnefoy (February 2009). "Deconstructing Salafism in Yemen" (PDF). CTC Sentinel . Archived (PDF) from the original on 2019-05-24. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
- ↑ Laurent Bonnefoy (2009). "Salafism in Yemen: the antechamber of violence?". Transcontentales . pp. 69–79. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
Despite their disagreements and splits that arose in the 1990s and at the time of al-Wadi'i's death, Yemeni Salafis jointly emphasized their condemnation of the violent option in the face of State or its allies. As an armed Islamist trend developed, loyalty to the regime seems to have worked as an anti-repression insurance for the apolitical Salafi movement. In various ways, Abu al-Hasan al-Maribi, leader of a dissident Salafi branch and author of an anti-terrorist pamphlet 15 , as well as his rival Yahya al-Hajuri, for example, supported the Yemeni President 'Ali Abdullah Salih during his successful campaign for re-election in September 2006 16. Moreover, one of the main characteristics of the "Muqbilian" Salafi current, namely the rejection of electoral participation, appears to be favorable to the political status quo. Indeed, the abstention of Salafi militants in multi-partisan elections, or the refusal to join demonstrations and publicly contest the government's decisions, directly favor the established order and the candidates of the ruling party.
- ↑ Adis Duderija (January 2010). "Constructing the religious Self and the Other: neo-traditional Salafi manhaj". Islam and Christian–Muslim Relations . Vol. 21, no. 1. pp. 75–93. Retrieved 2019-05-23.
In addition, Salafism is a term that has a broader base in Islamic tradition and is more encompassing than Ahl-Hadith, which has more sectarian implications. Among the most influential exponents of NTS are some contemporary Middle Eastern Muslim scholars such as Muhammad Nasir al-Din al-Albani (d. 1999), 'Abd al-'Aziz bin Baz (d. 1999), Muhammad Salih al-'Uthaymin (d. 2001), and Yahya al-Hajuri, to name but a few, who held senior positions on religious councils responsible for issuing fatwas (legal opinions) and/or were lecturers in Islamic sciences at traditional Islamic institutions such as the Universities of Medina and Riyadh.
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
 | This Yemeni biographical article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
 | This biographical article about a person notable in connection with Islam is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |