| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Turnout | 71.87% (of registered voters) 7.70 pp 47.26% (of eligible voters) 10.65 pp [1] | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
County Results Harding 40-50% 50-60% 60-70% 70-80% 90-100% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
Elections in California |
---|
The 1920 United States presidential election in California took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all 48 states participated. California voters chose 13 electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee, Governor James M. Cox of Ohio and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin D. Roosevelt of New York, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge of Massachusetts.
By the beginning of 1920 skyrocketing inflation and President Woodrow Wilson's focus upon his proposed League of Nations at the expense of domestic policy had helped make the incumbent president very unpopular [2] – besides which Wilson also had major health problems that had left First Lady Edith Wilson effectively running the nation.
Political unrest observed in the Palmer Raids and the "Red Scare" further added to the unpopularity of the Democratic Party, since this global political turmoil produced considerable fear of alien revolutionaries invading the country. [3] Demand in the West for exclusion of Asian immigrants became even stronger than it had been before. [4] Another issue was the anti-Cox position taken by the Ku Klux Klan, [5] at the time a dominant force in Southern Democratic politics, and Cox's inconsistent stance on newly passed Prohibition – he had been a "wet" before, but announced he would support Prohibition enforcement in August. [5]
The West had been the chief presidential battleground ever since the "System of 1896" emerged following that election. [6] For this reason, Cox chose to tour the entire nation [7] and after touring the Pacific Northwest Cox went to California to defend his proposed League of Nations. Cox argued that the League could have stopped the Asian conflicts – like the Japanese seizure of Shandong – but his apparent defence of Chinese immigrants in the Bay Area was very unpopular and large numbers of hecklers attacked the Democratic candidate. [8] Moreover, the only attention Cox received in the Western press was severe criticism. [8]
In September, several opinion polls were conducted, all predicting that Harding would carry California, which had been extremely close in the two preceding elections, by over one hundred thousand votes. [9] By the end of October, although no more opinion polls had been published, most observers were even more convinced that the Republicans would take complete control of all branches of government. [10] On election day, Warren Harding carried California by a margin much larger than early polls predicted, winning with 66.20 percent of the vote to James Cox's 24.28 percent. Harding became the first of only two presidential nominees to sweep all of California's counties; the only other one was Franklin D. Roosevelt, the losing 1920 vice-presidential candidate, sixteen years later. Harding's 66.20 percent of the vote was the largest fraction for any presidential candidate in California until Roosevelt won with 66.95 percent in 1936, though his 41.92-percentage-point margin of victory is the largest for any candidate in the state.
This was the first time Mariposa County and Colusa County, the only counties in the Pacific States to support Democratic nominee Alton B. Parker in 1904, had ever voted Republican. [11] Plumas County would never vote Republican again until Ronald Reagan in 1980, and Amador, El Dorado and Placer Counties would not vote Republican again until Dwight D. Eisenhower in 1952. [11]
1920 United States presidential election in California [12] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Electoral votes | |
Republican | Warren G. Harding | 624,992 | 66.20% | 13 | |
Democratic | James M. Cox | 229,191 | 24.28% | 0 | |
Socialist | Eugene V. Debs | 64,076 | 6.79% | 0 | |
Prohibition | Aaron S. Watkins | 25,204 | 2.67% | 0 | |
No party | Others | 587 | 0.06% | 0 | |
Totals | 944,050 | 100.00% | 13 | ||
Voter turnout | — |
County | Warren Gamaliel Harding Republican | James Middleton Cox Democratic | Eugene Victor Debs Socialist | Aaron Sherman Watkins Prohibition | Various candidates Write-ins | Margin | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
% | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | % | # | |
Alpine | 91.43% | 64 | 8.57% | 6 | 0.00% | 0 | 0.00% | 0 | 82.86% | 58 | ||
Ventura | 76.00% | 5,231 | 18.96% | 1,305 | 2.63% | 181 | 2.41% | 166 | 57.04% | 3,926 | ||
Orange | 71.52% | 12,797 | 19.57% | 3,502 | 3.53% | 632 | 5.38% | 962 | 51.95% | 9,295 | ||
San Mateo | 70.52% | 7,205 | 19.16% | 1,958 | 9.36% | 956 | 0.96% | 98 | 51.36% | 5,247 | ||
Humboldt | 69.89% | 6,528 | 19.04% | 1,778 | 8.17% | 763 | 2.90% | 271 | 50.85% | 4,750 | ||
Sierra | 72.18% | 506 | 22.54% | 158 | 3.42% | 24 | 1.85% | 13 | 49.64% | 348 | ||
Alameda | 69.11% | 73,177 | 20.27% | 21,468 | 8.75% | 9,266 | 1.87% | 1,978 | 48.84% | 51,709 | ||
Riverside | 69.55% | 9,124 | 21.33% | 2,798 | 5.26% | 690 | 3.86% | 506 | 48.22% | 6,326 | ||
Napa | 70.99% | 4,448 | 23.05% | 1,444 | 4.37% | 274 | 1.60% | 100 | 47.94% | 3,004 | ||
Los Angeles | 69.10% | 178,117 | 21.59% | 55,661 | 5.69% | 14,674 | 3.42% | 8,812 | 0.20% | 506 | 47.51% | 122,456 |
Marin | 68.80% | 5,375 | 21.61% | 1,688 | 8.09% | 632 | 1.51% | 118 | 47.19% | 3,687 | ||
Sutter | 70.32% | 1,862 | 24.02% | 636 | 2.61% | 69 | 3.06% | 81 | 46.30% | 1,226 | ||
Yuba | 70.70% | 2,012 | 24.46% | 696 | 2.88% | 82 | 1.97% | 56 | 46.24% | 1,316 | ||
Santa Clara | 68.09% | 19,565 | 22.57% | 6,485 | 5.80% | 1,667 | 3.53% | 1,015 | 45.52% | 13,080 | ||
Mono | 67.73% | 170 | 22.31% | 56 | 8.76% | 22 | 1.20% | 3 | 45.42% | 114 | ||
San Francisco | 65.18% | 96,105 | 22.13% | 32,637 | 11.56% | 17,049 | 1.11% | 1,630 | 0.02% | 29 | 43.05% | 63,468 |
Monterey | 67.76% | 4,817 | 24.91% | 1,771 | 3.70% | 263 | 3.63% | 258 | 42.85% | 3,046 | ||
Santa Barbara | 67.48% | 6,970 | 25.04% | 2,586 | 4.80% | 496 | 2.68% | 277 | 42.44% | 4,384 | ||
Santa Cruz | 66.28% | 5,285 | 24.54% | 1,957 | 5.17% | 412 | 4.01% | 320 | 41.74% | 3,328 | ||
Nevada | 64.97% | 2,055 | 23.62% | 747 | 8.82% | 279 | 2.59% | 82 | 41.35% | 1,308 | ||
Sonoma | 66.90% | 10,377 | 26.24% | 4,070 | 4.38% | 680 | 2.48% | 385 | 40.66% | 6,307 | ||
Mendocino | 65.83% | 4,443 | 26.51% | 1,789 | 5.94% | 401 | 1.72% | 116 | 39.32% | 2,654 | ||
Lassen | 66.22% | 1,582 | 26.92% | 643 | 4.06% | 97 | 2.80% | 67 | 39.30% | 939 | ||
Contra Costa | 63.75% | 9,041 | 24.56% | 3,483 | 9.94% | 1,410 | 1.75% | 248 | 39.19% | 5,558 | ||
Butte | 65.69% | 5,409 | 27.47% | 2,262 | 4.12% | 339 | 2.72% | 224 | 38.22% | 3,147 | ||
Plumas | 63.96% | 999 | 25.80% | 403 | 7.30% | 114 | 2.94% | 46 | 38.16% | 596 | ||
Solano | 64.77% | 7,102 | 26.94% | 2,954 | 6.78% | 743 | 1.51% | 166 | 37.83% | 4,148 | ||
San Luis Obispo | 61.31% | 4,123 | 23.88% | 1,606 | 9.56% | 643 | 4.48% | 301 | 0.77% | 52 | 37.43% | 2,517 |
Imperial | 64.51% | 4,699 | 27.76% | 2,022 | 5.13% | 374 | 2.59% | 189 | 36.75% | 2,677 | ||
San Diego | 63.78% | 19,826 | 27.27% | 8,478 | 5.83% | 1,812 | 3.12% | 971 | 36.51% | 11,348 | ||
Calaveras | 63.96% | 1,480 | 27.70% | 641 | 4.80% | 111 | 3.54% | 82 | 36.26% | 839 | ||
El Dorado | 64.36% | 1,636 | 28.56% | 726 | 4.52% | 115 | 2.56% | 65 | 35.80% | 910 | ||
San Benito | 65.00% | 1,965 | 29.77% | 900 | 2.45% | 74 | 2.78% | 84 | 35.23% | 1,065 | ||
Sacramento | 64.87% | 15,634 | 29.67% | 7,150 | 3.92% | 944 | 1.54% | 372 | 35.20% | 8,484 | ||
Merced | 62.99% | 3,457 | 28.01% | 1,537 | 6.03% | 331 | 2.97% | 163 | 34.98% | 1,920 | ||
Stanislaus | 61.61% | 7,038 | 26.74% | 3,055 | 5.09% | 582 | 6.55% | 748 | 34.87% | 3,983 | ||
Tehama | 61.81% | 2,462 | 27.09% | 1,079 | 5.80% | 231 | 5.30% | 211 | 34.72% | 1,383 | ||
San Bernardino | 62.84% | 12,518 | 28.21% | 5,620 | 4.47% | 890 | 4.48% | 893 | 34.63% | 6,898 | ||
Trinity | 62.89% | 622 | 28.82% | 285 | 7.58% | 75 | 0.71% | 7 | 34.07% | 337 | ||
Glenn | 64.19% | 1,916 | 30.22% | 902 | 2.98% | 89 | 2.61% | 78 | 33.97% | 1,014 | ||
Amador | 64.13% | 1,350 | 30.36% | 639 | 2.99% | 63 | 2.52% | 53 | 33.77% | 711 | ||
Del Norte | 62.61% | 596 | 29.31% | 279 | 5.15% | 49 | 2.94% | 28 | 33.30% | 317 | ||
Shasta | 62.07% | 2,108 | 30.27% | 1,028 | 6.04% | 205 | 1.62% | 55 | 31.80% | 1,080 | ||
Yolo | 61.95% | 3,375 | 32.80% | 1,787 | 2.44% | 133 | 2.81% | 153 | 29.15% | 1,588 | ||
Siskiyou | 60.05% | 2,909 | 31.01% | 1,502 | 6.96% | 337 | 1.98% | 96 | 29.04% | 1,407 | ||
Tuolumne | 59.38% | 1,285 | 30.45% | 659 | 7.26% | 157 | 2.91% | 63 | 28.93% | 626 | ||
Modoc | 62.59% | 992 | 33.75% | 535 | 2.27% | 36 | 1.39% | 22 | 28.84% | 457 | ||
Tulare | 61.26% | 9,136 | 32.43% | 4,837 | 3.53% | 527 | 2.78% | 414 | 28.83% | 4,299 | ||
San Joaquin | 60.94% | 12,003 | 32.93% | 6,487 | 3.53% | 695 | 2.60% | 513 | 28.01% | 5,516 | ||
Colusa | 61.24% | 1,645 | 33.77% | 907 | 2.68% | 72 | 2.31% | 62 | 27.47% | 738 | ||
Placer | 59.44% | 2,894 | 32.02% | 1,559 | 5.91% | 288 | 2.63% | 128 | 27.42% | 1,335 | ||
Kings | 59.61% | 2,806 | 34.08% | 1,604 | 3.82% | 180 | 2.49% | 117 | 25.53% | 1,202 | ||
Inyo | 57.20% | 1,195 | 32.65% | 682 | 8.62% | 180 | 1.53% | 32 | 24.55% | 513 | ||
Lake | 57.23% | 993 | 32.91% | 571 | 4.32% | 75 | 5.53% | 96 | 24.32% | 422 | ||
Madera | 55.46% | 1,779 | 35.69% | 1,145 | 5.64% | 181 | 3.21% | 103 | 19.77% | 634 | ||
Fresno | 55.36% | 14,621 | 36.39% | 9,613 | 5.40% | 1,426 | 2.85% | 753 | 18.97% | 5,008 | ||
Mariposa | 55.38% | 484 | 36.61% | 320 | 6.06% | 53 | 1.95% | 17 | 18.77% | 164 | ||
Kern | 49.01% | 7,079 | 42.20% | 6,095 | 6.46% | 933 | 2.33% | 337 | 6.81% | 984 |
The 1920 United States presidential election was the 34th quadrennial presidential election, held on Tuesday, November 2, 1920. In the first election held after the end of the World War and the first election after the ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment, Republican Senator Warren G. Harding of Ohio defeated Democratic Governor James M. Cox of Ohio. Both major-party vice-presidential nominees would later succeed to the presidency: Calvin Coolidge (Republican) upon Harding's death in 1923 and Franklin D. Roosevelt (Democratic) after defeating Republican President Herbert Hoover in 1932. This was one of only six presidential elections where both major candidates had the same home state.
The 1924 United States presidential election in California took place on November 4, 1924, as part of the 1924 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Montana took place on November 2, 1920 as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. Voters chose four representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Massachusetts took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 18 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Arizona took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all 48 states participated. Arizona voters chose three electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee James M. Cox and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding and his running mate, Massachusetts Governor Calvin Coolidge.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Arkansas took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all 48 states participated. State voters chose nine electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee James M. Cox and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Washington took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all 48 states participated. State voters chose seven electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting Democratic nominee James M. Cox and his running mate, Assistant Secretary of the Navy Franklin Roosevelt, against Republican challenger U.S. Senator Warren G. Harding and his running mate, Governor Calvin Coolidge.
The 1920 United States presidential election in New Jersey took place on November 2, 1920. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1920 United States presidential election. Voters chose 14 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Wisconsin was held on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. State voters chose 13 electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Minnesota took place on November 2, 1920 as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated. Voters chose 12 electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This election marks the last time a candidate for president won every county in Minnesota.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Utah took place on November 2, 1920. All contemporary forty-eight states took part as part of the 1920 United States presidential election, and the state voters selected four electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president. This was the first presidential election to feature as a distinct voting unit Daggett County, the newest and least populous of Utah's current twenty-nine counties.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Wyoming took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. State voters chose three representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1932 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 8, 1932, as part of the 1932 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 11 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Kansas was held on November 2, 1920 as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. Kansas voters chose ten electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Indiana took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election which was held throughout all contemporary 48 states. Voters chose 15 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in South Dakota took place on November 2, 1920 as part of the 1920 United States presidential election in which all contemporary forty-eight states participated. Voters chose five electors, or representatives to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Oregon took place on November 2, 1920. All contemporary 48 states were part of the 1920 United States presidential election. Voters chose five electors to the Electoral College, who selected the president and vice president. This is the earliest presidential election in Oregon to include all 36 of the state’s present counties.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Idaho took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. State voters chose four representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Tennessee took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. Tennessee voters chose 12 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
The 1920 United States presidential election in Illinois took place on November 2, 1920, as part of the 1920 United States presidential election. State voters chose 29 representatives, or electors, to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.