The Party of Functional Groups, often known by its abbreviation Golkar, is a centre-right big tent political party in Indonesia. It was founded as the Joint Secretariat of Functional Groups in 1964, and participated for the first time in national elections in 1971 as Functional Groups. Since 2019, it has been the second-largest party in the House of Representatives (DPR) with 85 seats. It is led by Airlangga Hartarto.
Legislative elections were held in on 5 April 2004 for both houses of the People's Consultative Assembly of Indonesia. This included all 550 seats in the People's Representative Council and 128 seats of the newly-formed Regional Representative Council.
Presidential elections were held in Indonesia on 5 July and 20 September 2004. As no candidate won a majority in the first round, a runoff was held, in which Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono defeated Megawati Sukarnoputri and was elected president. They were the first direct presidential elections in the history of Indonesia; prior to a 2002 amendment to the Constitution of Indonesia, both the president and vice president had been elected by the People's Consultative Assembly (MPR).
Elections in Indonesia have taken place since 1955 to elect a legislature. At a national level, Indonesian people did not elect a head of state – the president – until 2004. Since then, the president is elected for a five-year term, as are the 575-member People's Representative Council, the 136-seat Regional Representative Council, in addition to provincial and municipal legislative councils.
The Indonesian Democratic Party was a political party in Indonesia which existed from 1973 to 2003. During the New Order era, the PDI was one of the two state-approved parties, the other being the Islam-based United Development Party (PPP).
Sudharmono, also known by his nickname, Pak Dar, was an Indonesian politician and army officer, who served as the fifth vice president of Indonesia, under the New Order regime of president Suharto, serving from 1988 until 1993. Previously, he served in several positions in the government and military, including as the Chairman of Golkar, State Secretary of Indonesia, and a Lieutenant General in the army.
The National Mandate Party, frequently abbreviated to PAN, is an Islam-based political party in Indonesia.
The Concern for the Nation Functional Party is a right-wing reactionary political party in Indonesia. The party was established by former members of the Golkar Party who were dissatisfied with Golkar's abandonment of former president Suharto including former minister Hartono and Suharto's daughter Siti Hardiyanti Rukmana. Suharto himself approved the party name.
The Justice and Unity Party formerly known as Indonesian Justice and Unity Party is a political party in Indonesia.
The Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party was a political party in Indonesia. It was a continuation of the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI), one of the two state-approved parties during the New Order. After the PDI failed to achieve enough votes in the 1999 legislative elections to qualify for the 2004 elections, it changed its name to the Indonesian Democratic Vanguard Party. In 2004 it won one seat. The party contested the 2009 legislative election, but won only 0.13 percent of the vote, less than the 2.5 percent electoral threshold, thereby losing its only seat in the People's Representative Council. Following its poor result in the 2009 vote, the party joined nine other smaller parties to form the National Unity Party. The party also attempted to contest the 2014 elections, but failed to fulfill the criteria set by the General Elections Commission, and along with nine other parties who also failed to qualify, decided to merge into the People's Conscience Party (Hanura).
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 29 May 1997. There were three simultaneous elections in one because voters were electing members of two levels of regional government as well as the national-level People's Representative Council. This was the last election of President Suharto's New Order regime, which collapsed one year later. Like the preceding New Order elections, it was won outright by the Golkar organization.
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 3 July 1971, the first under the New Order regime. There were ten participants; nine political parties and the "functional group" Golkar, which came first with more than 60 percent of the vote, resulting in an absolute majority in the People's Representative Council.
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 2 May 1977. They were the third legislative elections since independence, and the second under the New Order regime. There were three participants; the two political parties and functional group Golkar.
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 23 April 1987, to elect 400 of the 500 members of the People's Representative Council (DPR), the national legislature. The election was the fifth legislative election in the country since independence and the fourth legislative election under President Suharto's New Order. The election resulted in an outright majority for Golkar, which retained its status as the ruling party of the country.
Legislative elections were held in Indonesia on 9 June 1992, to select 400 of the 500 members of the People's Representative Council (DPR). The election was the sixth legislative elections since Indonesian independence and the fifth legislative elections under the New Order regime of president Suharto. The election resulted in a clear victory for Golkar, which retained its status as the ruling party, although the opposition, under the United Development Party (PPP) and the Indonesian Democratic Party (PDI), saw their vote shares rise.
The Patriot Party was a political party in Indonesia. It was established as the Pancasila Patriot's Party as a result of a deliberations at the sixth national conference of the Pancasila Youth organization in 1996. At the time, the organization's political goals were channeled by Golkar, but in its conference the year after the 1998 Fall of Suharto, Pancasila Youth withdrew from Golkar. The conference also decided the time was right to establish a political party, and it was declared on 1 June 2001, the anniversary of Sukarno's Pancasila speech. The party was officially and legally established two years later. Thus the Patriot Party was described as the political wing of the Pancasila Youth.
Suara Karya was a daily newspaper published in Indonesia. Established in 1971 to assist Golkar in winning that year's legislative election, it became required reading for all civil servants and the voice of Golkar. After its circulation increased from 55,700 in 1971 to 300,000 in 1998, the fall of Suharto's dictatorship caused circulation to plummet to 3,000. As of 2005, it was attempting rebranding to present cleaner, less biased news. It ceased print publication in 2016, although is still available online.
The 27 July Incident was an attack by Indonesian government forces on the head office of the Indonesian Democratic Party, which was being occupied by supporters of recently ousted party leader Megawati Sukarnoputri. It was followed by two days of riots in Jakarta.
The Indonesian Democratic Union Party,, was a political party founded by Sri Bintang Pamungkas in 1995 and one of the political parties in Indonesia that participated in the 1999 general elections.
