Jambi

Jambi
Jambi
Province
	Province of Jambi
	Coat of arms
	Motto(s): Sepucuk Jambi Sembilan Lurah (Jambi Malay); (One Jambi indigenous territory, formed by nine river settlements)
	Location of Jambi in Indonesia
	OpenStreetMap
	Coordinates: 1°35′S103°37′E / 1.583°S 103.617°E
Established	6 January 1957
Capital; and largest city	Jambi
Government
• Body	Jambi Provincial Government
• Governor	Al Haris
• Vice Governor	Abdullah Sani [ id ]
Area
• Total	49,026.58 km2 (18,929.27 sq mi)
• Rank	11th
Elevation	500 m (1,600 ft)
Highest elevation (Mount Kerinci)	3,805 m (12,484 ft)
Population (mid 2023 estimate)
• Total	3,679,169
• Rank	19th
• Density	75/km2 (190/sq mi)
• Rank	23rd
Demographics
• Ethnic groups	43.57% Jambi Malays ; 29.10% Javanese ; 5.37% Other Malays ; 5.33% Minangkabau ; 3.46% Batak ; 3.33% Banjarese ; 3.13% Buginese ; 2.58% Sundanese ; 1.88% Palembang ; 1.215 Chinese ; 1.04% Others
• Religion	95.08% Islam ; 3.88% Christianity ; - 3.31% Protestant ; - 0.58% Catholic ; 0.94% Buddhism ; 0.06% Folk religion ; 0.02% Confucianism ; 0.013% Hinduism
• Languages	Indonesian (official); Jambi Malay, Kerinci, Kubu (regional)
GDP (nominal)	2022
- Total	Rp 276.3 trillion (15th); US$ 18.6 billion; Int$ 58.1 billion (PPP)
- Per capita	Rp 76.1 million (8th); US$ 5,125; Int$ 15,991 (PPP)
- Growth	5.13%
HDI	0.728 (19th) – high
Website	jambiprov.go.id

Last updated April 20, 2024

Jambi is a province of Indonesia. It is located on the east coast of central Sumatra and stretches to the Barisan Mountains in the west. Its capital and largest city is also called Jambi. It is bordered by the provinces of Riau to the north, West Sumatra to the west, Bengkulu to the southwest, South Sumatra to the south, and shares a maritime border with the Riau Islands to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the east. The province has a land area of 49,026.58 km², and a sea area of 3,274.95 km². It's area is comparable to the European country of Slovakia. It had a population of 3,092,265 according to the 2010 census^[7] and 3,548,228 according to the 2020 census;^[2] the official estimate of population as of mid-2023 was 3,679,169 (comprising 1,872,177 males and 1,806,992 females).^[1]

History

Jambi was the site of the Melayu kingdom that engaged in trade throughout the Strait of Malacca and beyond. It was recorded as having sent a mission to China in 644 CE. It was annexed by Srivijaya by 685 CE, but tried to declare its independence in the 9th century. Jambi succeeded Palembang, its southern economic and military rival, as the major player in trade in the Malacca straits. After the 1025 Chola raids in Southeast Asia, Jambi still sent missions to China.^[8]^{: 72, 114}

In the early decades of the Dutch presence in the region, when the Dutch were one of several traders competing with the British, Chinese, Arabs, and Malays, the Jambi Sultanate profited from trade in pepper with the Dutch. This relationship declined by about 1770, and the sultanate had little contact with the Dutch for about sixty years.^{[ citation needed ]}

In 1833, minor conflicts with the Dutch East Indies who were well established in Palembang, meant the Dutch increasingly felt the need to control the actions of Jambi. They coerced Sultan Facharudin to agree to greater Dutch presence in the region and control over trade, although the sultanate remained nominally independent. In 1858 the Dutch, concerned over the risk of competition for control from other foreign powers, invaded Jambi with a force from their capital Batavia. They met little resistance, and Sultan Taha fled upriver, to the inland regions of Jambi. The Dutch installed a puppet ruler, Nazarudin, in the lower region, which included the capital city. For the next forty years Taha maintained the upriver kingdom, and slowly reextended his influence over the lower regions through political agreements and marriage connections. In 1904, however, the Dutch were stronger and, as a part of a larger campaign to consolidate control over the entire archipelago, managed to capture and kill Taha, and in 1906, the entire area was brought under direct colonial control.

Following the death of Jambi Sultan, Taha Saifuddin, on 27 April 1904 and the success of the Dutch controlled areas of the Sultanate of Jambi, Jambi then was set up as a Residency and entry into the territory Netherlands Indies. Jambi's first Resident OL Helfrich was appointed by the governor general under Dutch Decree No. 20, dated 4 May 1906, with his inauguration held on 2 July 1906.

In 1945, Sumatra comprised a single province, but in 1948 this was divided into three provinces, including the province of Central Sumatra (which included present-day Jambi Province). In 1957 this short-lived province was itself divided, and Jambi was created as an independent Province.

Historical population
Year	Pop.	±%
1971	1,006,084	—
1980	1,445,994	+43.7%
1990	2,020,568	+39.7%
1995	2,369,959	+17.3%
2000	2,407,166	+1.6%
2005	2,635,968	+9.5%
2010	3,092,265	+17.3%
2015	3,397,164	+9.9%
2020	3,548,228	+4.4%
2023	3,679,169	+3.7%
Source: Badan Pusat Statistik ^[1] 2024 and previous

Administrative divisions

When Jambi Province was created in 1957, it comprised three regencies - Kerinci (renamed from South Pesisir Regency on 19 March 1956), Batanghari and Bungo Tebo - as well as the independent city of Jambi City . On 14 June 1965 two new regencies were formed - Sarolangun Bangko from part of Bungo Tebo Regency, and Tanjung Jabung from part of Batanghari Regency. On 4 October 1999 four additional regencies were created by splitting each of four existing regencies in two - Muara Jambi was formed from part of Batanghari Regency, while Sarolangun Bangko Regency was split into separate Sarolangun and Merangin Regencies, Tanjung Jabung Regency was split into separate Tanjung Jabung Barat (West Tanjung Jabung) and Tanjung Jabung Timur (East Tanjung Jabung) Regencies, and Bungo Tebo Regency was split into separate Bungo and Tebo Regencies. Finally, a second independent city of Sungai Penuh (Penuh River) was split off from Kerinci Regency on 1 July 2008.

Thus Jambi province is now divided into nine regencies (kabupaten) and two cities (kota), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010^[7] and 2020^[2] censuses, together with the official estimates as at mid 2023.^[1] These are divided into 141 districts (kecamatan), in turn sub-divided into 153 urban villages (kelurahan) and 1,399 rural villages (desa).

Kode Wilayah	Name of City or Regency	Area in km²	Pop'n census 2010	Pop'n census 2020	Pop'n estimate mid 2024	Capital	HDI ^[9] 2018 Estimates
15.01	Kerinci Regency	3,445.20	229,495	250,259	255,120	Siulak	0.705 (High)
15.02	Merangin Regency	7,540.12	333,206	354,052	368,390	Bangko	0.688 (Medium)
15.03	Sarolangun Regency	5,935.89	246,245	290,047	302,240	Sarolangun	0.694 (Medium)
15.04	Batanghari Regency	5,387.52	241,334	301,700	312,730	Muara Bulian	0.693 (Medium)
15.05	Muaro Jambi Regency	5,225.80	342,952	402,017	418,800	Sengeti	0.683 (Medium)
15.06	West Tanjung Jabung Regency (Tanjung Jabung Barat)	5,546.06	278,741	317,498	330,470	Kuala Tungkal	0.671 (Medium)
15.07	East Tanjung Jabung Regency (Tanjung Jabung Timur)	4,546.62	205,272	229,813	236,730	Muara Sabak	0.633 (Medium)
15.08	Bungo Regency	4,760.83	303,135	362,363	376,380	Muara Bungo	0.694 (Medium)
15.09	Tebo Regency	6,103.74	297,735	337,669	350,760	Muara Tebo	0.686 (Medium)
15.71	Jambi City	169.89	531,857	606,200	627,770	-	0.774 (High)
15.72	Sungai Penuh City	364.92	82,293	96,610	99,770	-	0.746 (High)
	Total province	49,026.58	3,092,265	3,548,228	3,679,169	Jambi	0.705 (High)

World Heritage Sites

Kerinci Seblat National Park

The largest of the three national parks comprising the Tropical Rainforest Heritage of Sumatra, Kerinci Seblat has the distinction of being the second-largest national park in all of Southeast Asia, only after Lorentz National Park on Papua. It is one of the Sumatran Tiger's last strongholds on the island, and within its borders sits the highest active volcano in Southeast Asia - Mount Kerinci.

Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds

May 2011: The Jambi provincial administration is striving to have the ancient Muaro Jambi temple site at Muaro Jambi village in Maro Sebo District, Muaro Jambi Regency, recognized as a World Heritage Site.

The site was a Buddhist education centre that flourished during the 7th and 8th centuries and is made from bricks similar to those used in Buddhist temples in India.^[10]

Demographics

Due to transmigration policy, many ethnic groups from various parts of Indonesia, especially Java, Borneo, Sulawesi and other parts of Sumatra brought their native languages as well. The non-Pribumi people such as the Chinese Indonesians speak several varieties of Chinese.

Ethnically, the population comprises:

38% Malay
20% Javanese
10.2% Chinese
10% Kerinci
5.2% Minangkabau
3.4% Batak
3.3% Banjarese
3.1% Buginese
2.6% Sundanese, and
4.4% other^[2]

As of 2022^[update], Islam is the largest religion in Jambi, being practised by 96.09% of the population. Minority religions are Christianity with 3,9%, Buddhism 0.92%, Confucianism 0.02% and Hinduism 0.01% of the population.^[11]

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Jambi is the capital and largest city of the Indonesian province of Jambi. Located on the island of Sumatra, the city is a busy port on the Batang Hari River and an oil- and rubber-producing centre. The city is located 26 km (16 mi) from the ruins of Muaro Jambi Temple Compounds, an important city in the ancient Srivijaya kingdom.

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Kerinci is a regency (kabupaten) in Jambi province, on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. The regency has an area of 3,448.90 km² (1,331.63 sq mi). Kerinci Regency had a population of 229,495 at the 2010 Census and 250,259 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 253,863. The regency largely surrounds the city of Sungai Penuh, which until its separation on 24 June 2008 was part of the regency but is now independent of it. The regency seat is at Siulak. Kerinci is located 50 km (31 mi) from Jambi City, the capital of Jambi Province. Much of the landmass of the Kerinci regency is within the boundaries of the Kerinci Seblat National Park

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Bungo Regency is a regency (kabupaten) of Jambi Province in Sumatra, Indonesia. It was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the former Bungo Tebo Regency into a new Tebo Regency and this Bungo Regency. The regency covers an area of 4,659 km². As at the 2010 census, the regency had a population of 303,135 and 362,363 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 373,344. The administrative capital is the town of Muara Bungo.

Merangin is a regency (kabupaten) of Jambi Province on the island of Sumatra, Indonesia. It was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the former Sarolangun Bangko Regency into a new Sarolangun Regency and this Merangin Regency. The regency covers an area of 7,668.61 km², and had a population of 333,206 at the 2010 census and 354,052 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 357,577, comprising 181,850 males and 175,727 females. The administrative capital is the town of Bangko.

Sarolangun Regency is a regency of Jambi Province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra. It was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the former Sarolangun Bangko Regency into a new Merangin Regency and this Sarolangun Regency. The regency has an area of 5,941.13 km² and had a population of 246,245 at the 2010 census and 290,047 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 298,091. The administrative centre is at the town of Sarolangun.

East Tanjung Jabung Regency is a regency of Jambi Province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra. The regency was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the then Tanjung Jabung Regency into eastern and western halves. It now has an area of 5,085.71 km² and had a population of 205,272 at the 2010 census and 229,813 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 234,164. The capital lies at Muara Sabak.

West Tanjung Jabung Regency is a regency of Jambi Province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra. The regency was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the then Tanjung Jabung Regency into eastern and western halves. It now has an area of 5,009.82 km² and had a population of 278,741 as at the 2010 census and 317,498 at the 2020 census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 326,530. The regency seat is Kuala Tungkal.

Tebo Regency is a regency of Jambi Province, Indonesia. It is located on the island of Sumatra, and was created on 4 October 1999 by the division of the former Bungo Tebo Regency into a new Bungo Regency and this Tebo Regency. The regency has an area of 6,461 km² and had a population of 297,735 at the 2010 Census and 337,669 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2022 was 344,816. The regency seat is at the town of Muara Tebo.

References

1 2 3 4 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Provinsi Jambi Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.15)
1 2 3 4 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.
↑ "ArcGIS Web Application".
↑ Badan Pusat Statistik (2023). "Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2022" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
↑ Badan Pusat Statistik (2023). "Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita (Ribu Rupiah), 2022" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
↑ Badan Pembangunan Nasional (2023). "Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pembangunan Nasional.
1 2 Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.
↑ Miksic, John M. (2013). Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800. NUS Press. ISBN 9789971695583.
↑ All Stats search jambi.bps.go.id
↑ "Waspada Online – Pusat Berita dan Informasi Medan Sumut Aceh". waspada.co.id. Retrieved 22 March 2018.
↑ "Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Religious Affairs. 31 August 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.

Bibliography

Locher-Scholten, Elsbeth. 1993. Rivals and rituals in Jambi, South Sumatra. Modern Asian Studies 27(3):573-591.

External links

(in Indonesian) Official government site
(in Indonesian) Fan site

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[Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2024-1] 1 2 3 4 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 28 February 2024, Provinsi Jambi Dalam Angka 2024 (Katalog-BPS 1102001.15)

[Badan_Pusat_Statistik_2021-2] 1 2 3 4 Badan Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2021.

[3] "ArcGIS Web Application".

[bpsgdpdata2022-4] Badan Pusat Statistik (2023). "Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (Milyar Rupiah), 2022" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

[bpspercapitadata-5] Badan Pusat Statistik (2023). "Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Per Kapita (Ribu Rupiah), 2022" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.

[bappenas2022-6] Badan Pembangunan Nasional (2023). "Capaian Indikator Utama Pembangunan" (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Badan Pembangunan Nasional.

[Biro_Pusat_Statistik_2011-7] 1 2 Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011.

[8] Miksic, John M. (2013). Singapore and the Silk Road of the Sea, 1300–1800. NUS Press. ISBN 9789971695583.

[9] All Stats search jambi.bps.go.id

[10] "Waspada Online – Pusat Berita dan Informasi Medan Sumut Aceh". waspada.co.id. Retrieved 22 March 2018.

[RELIGION-11] "Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Agama" (in Indonesian). Ministry of Religious Affairs. 31 August 2022. Retrieved 29 October 2023.

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v t e Regencies and cities of Jambi
Capital: Jambi
Regencies	Batang Hari Bungo Kerinci Merangin Muaro Jambi Sarolangun East Tanjung Jabung West Tanjung Jabung Tebo
Cities	Jambi Sungai Penuh
See also: List of regencies and cities of Indonesia

v t e Provinces of Indonesia
Capital: Jakarta (current) • Nusantara (under construction)
Sumatra	Aceh Bangka Belitung Islands Bengkulu Jambi Lampung North Sumatra Riau Riau Islands South Sumatra West Sumatra
Java	Banten Central Java East Java Special Region of Jakarta West Java Special Region of Yogyakarta
Kalimantan	Central Kalimantan East Kalimantan North Kalimantan South Kalimantan West Kalimantan
Lesser Sunda Islands	Bali East Nusa Tenggara West Nusa Tenggara
Sulawesi	Central Sulawesi Gorontalo North Sulawesi Southeast Sulawesi South Sulawesi West Sulawesi
Maluku Islands	Maluku North Maluku
Western New Guinea	Papua Central Papua Highland Papua South Papua Southwest Papua West Papua
Former provinces	Special Region of Surakarta Central Sumatra East Timor (de facto)
Lists by Current governors GDP GRP per capita HDI Highest point Poverty rate ISO codes