Boston Brahmin

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Boston Common in Colonial Boston in 1768 1768 BostonCommon byChristianRemick.png
Boston Common in Colonial Boston in 1768

The Boston Brahmins or Boston elite are members of Boston's traditional upper class. [1] They are often associated with a cultivated New England or Mid-Atlantic dialect and accent, [2] Harvard University, [3] Anglicanism, [4] and traditional British American customs and clothing. Descendants of the earliest English colonists are typically considered to be the most representative of the Boston Brahmins. [5] [6] They are considered White Anglo-Saxon Protestants (WASPs). [7] [8] [9]

Contents

Etymology

The phrase "Brahmin Caste of New England" was first coined by Oliver Wendell Holmes Sr., a physician and writer, in an 1860 article in The Atlantic Monthly . [10] The term Brahmin refers to the priestly caste within the four castes in the Hindu caste system. By extension, it was applied in the United States to the old wealthy New England families of British Protestant origin that became influential in the development of American institutions and culture. The influence of the old American gentry has been reduced in modern times, but some vestiges remain, primarily in the institutions and the ideals that they championed in their heyday. [11]

Characteristics

Typical dress of the Boston elite, c. 1816-1817 Benjamin Crowninshield (captain).jpg
Typical dress of the Boston elite, c.1816–1817
Beacon Hill, a preeminent Boston Brahmin neighborhood in the vicinity of the Massachusetts State House Beacon Hill and Massachusetts State House P1010887.jpg
Beacon Hill, a preeminent Boston Brahmin neighborhood in the vicinity of the Massachusetts State House

The nature of the Brahmins is referenced in the doggerel "Boston Toast" by Holy Cross alumnus John Collins Bossidy:

And this is good old Boston,
The home of the bean and the cod,
Where the Lowells talk only to Cabots,
And the Cabots talk only to God. [13] [14]

Many 19th-century Brahmin families of large fortune were of common origin; fewer were of an aristocratic origin. The new families were often the first to seek, in typically British fashion, suitable marriage alliances with those old aristocratic New England families that were descended from landowners in England to elevate and cement their social standing. The Winthrops, Dudleys, Saltonstalls, Winslows, and Lymans (descended from English magistrates, gentry, and aristocracy) were, by and large, happy with this arrangement. All of Boston's "Brahmin elite", therefore, maintained the received culture of the old English gentry, including cultivating the personal excellence that they imagined maintained the distinction between gentlemen and freemen, and between ladies and women. They saw it as their duty to maintain what they defined as high standards of excellence, duty, and restraint. Cultivated, urbane, and dignified, a Boston Brahmin was supposed to be the very essence of enlightened aristocracy. [15] [16] The ideal Brahmin was not only wealthy, but displayed what was considered suitable personal virtues and character traits.

The Brahmin was expected to maintain the customary English reserve in his dress, manner, and deportment, cultivate the arts, support charities such as hospitals and colleges, and assume the role of community leader. [17] :14 Although the ideal called on him to transcend commonplace business values, in practice many found the thrill of economic success quite attractive. The Brahmins warned each other against avarice and insisted upon personal responsibility. Scandal and divorce were unacceptable. This culture was buttressed by the strong extended family ties present in Boston society. Young men attended the same prep schools, colleges, and private clubs, [18] and heirs married heiresses. Family not only served as an economic asset, but also as a means of moral restraint.

Most belonged to the Unitarian or Episcopal churches, [19] although some were Congregationalists or Methodists. [20] Politically, they were successively Federalists, Whigs, and Republicans. They were marked by their manners and once distinctive elocution. Their distinctive Anglo-American manner of dress has been much imitated and is the foundation of the style now informally known as preppy. Many of the Brahmin families trace their ancestry back to the original 17th- and 18th-century colonial ruling class consisting of Massachusetts governors and magistrates, Harvard presidents, distinguished clergy, and fellows of the Royal Society of London (a leading scientific body), while others entered New England aristocratic society during the 19th century with their profits from commerce and trade, often marrying into established Brahmin families. [21]

List of families

Selected Boston Brahmins
Samuel Adams, American statesman, Massachusetts governor, and Founding Father of the United States J S Copley - Samuel Adams.jpg
Samuel Adams, American statesman, Massachusetts governor, and Founding Father of the United States
Samuel Appleton, American merchant SamuelAppleton BostonAthenaeum14.png
Samuel Appleton, American merchant
John Amory Lowell, banking merchant JohnAmoryLowell.jpg
John Amory Lowell, banking merchant
Robert L. Bacon, U.S. Congressman and attorney Robert L Bacon.jpg
Robert L. Bacon, U.S. Congressman and attorney
Benjamin Bates, philanthropist, business magnate, and namesake of Bates College Benjamin E Bates founder of Bates College.jpg
Benjamin Bates, philanthropist, business magnate, and namesake of Bates College
William Alfred Buckingham, American politician, Connecticut governor, and U.S. senator The history of the Civil War in America; comprising a full and impartial account of the origin and progress of the rebellion, of the various naval and military engagements, of the heroic deeds (14760322754).jpg
William Alfred Buckingham, American politician, Connecticut governor, and U.S. senator
William Gardner Choate, federal judge and founder of Choate Rosemary Hall William Gardner Choate (Federal judge from New York).jpg
William Gardner Choate, federal judge and founder of Choate Rosemary Hall
John Coolidge, railroad executive and son of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge COOLIDGE, JOHN LCCN2016860932.jpg
John Coolidge, railroad executive and son of U.S. President Calvin Coolidge
Samuel Cooper, Congregational minister SamuelCooper.jpg
Samuel Cooper, Congregational minister
Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, colonist BWCrowninshield.jpg
Benjamin Williams Crowninshield, colonist
Thomas Cushing, Massachusetts colonial speaker of the house Thomas Cushing, Member of Continental Congress.jpg
Thomas Cushing, Massachusetts colonial speaker of the house
Joseph Dudley, Royal Governor of Massachusetts Joseph Dudley attributed to Peter Lely.jpg
Joseph Dudley, Royal Governor of Massachusetts
William Emerson, Massachusetts minister Rev. William Emerson (Polyanthos, May 1812).jpg
William Emerson, Massachusetts minister
John Lowell Gardner, American businessman and art collector Antonio Mancini - Portrait of John Lowell Gardner.jpg
John Lowell Gardner, American businessman and art collector
Patrick Tracy Jackson, Boston manufacturer PT Jackson.jpg
Patrick Tracy Jackson, Boston manufacturer
Abbott Lawrence, politician and founder of Lawrence, Massachusetts Abbott Lawrence.jpg
Abbott Lawrence, politician and founder of Lawrence, Massachusetts
Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesmen and congressman Cabotlodgenationalportrait.jpg
Henry Cabot Lodge, American statesmen and congressman
James Otis, colonial lawyer JamesOtisJr by Blackburn.jpg
James Otis, colonial lawyer
George Peabody, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and founder of the House of Morgan and the Peabody Institute Peabodyg.png
George Peabody, entrepreneur, philanthropist, and founder of the House of Morgan and the Peabody Institute
Charles C. Perkins, art historian, philanthropist, and founder of the Museum of Fine Arts Charles Callahan Perkins.png
Charles C. Perkins, art historian, philanthropist, and founder of the Museum of Fine Arts
John Phillips, educator and founder of Phillips Exeter Academy Portrait of John Phillips.jpeg
John Phillips, educator and founder of Phillips Exeter Academy
John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States George P.A. Healy - John Quincy Adams - Google Art Project.jpg
John Quincy Adams, sixth President of the United States
Sylvanus Thayer, the father of West Point SylvanusThayer.jpg
Sylvanus Thayer, the father of West Point
John G. Palfrey I, leader in founding Harvard Divinity School, U.S. Congressman, and Unitarian minister John G. Palfrey I, Founder of Havard Divinity School.jpg
John G. Palfrey I, leader in founding Harvard Divinity School, U.S. Congressman, and Unitarian minister
David Sears, businessman and philanthropist David Sears.jpg
David Sears, businessman and philanthropist
Thomas Dudley, first Massachusetts Bay Colony governor Gov. Thomas Dudley.jpg
Thomas Dudley, first Massachusetts Bay Colony governor
Joseph Warren, Major general and physician JosephWarrenByCopley.jpeg
Joseph Warren, Major general and physician

Adams

Adams Family

Amory

Amory Family

Appleton

Appleton Family

Patrilineal line: [22]

Other notable relatives: [23] [24] [25]

Bacon

Bacon Family

Bates

Bates family

Originally from Boston and Britain:

Boylston

Boylston Family

Bradlee

Bradlee Family

Direct line: [26] [27] [28]

Brinley

Brinley Family of Boston, Newport, and Shelter Island, NY

Buckingham

Buckingham Family

Originally from Boston and Britain:

Cabot

Chaffee/Chafee

Chaffee Family

Originally of Hingham, Massachusetts: [30]

Choate

Choate Family

Coffin

Coffin Family

Originally of Newbury and Nantucket:

Coolidge

Cooper

Crowninshield

Crowninshield Family

Descendants by marriage:

Cushing

Cushing Family

Originally of Hingham, Massachusetts: [31]

Descendant by marriage:

Dana

Dana Family

Delano

Delano Family

Dudley

Dudley Family

Dwight

Dwight Family

Eliot

Eliot Family

Emerson

Emerson Family

Endicott

Endicott Family

Salem:

Dedham:

Everett

Everett Family

Descendants through the marriage of Sarah Preston Everett (1796–1866) and noted journalist Nathan Hale (1784–1863):

Fabens

Of Marblehead and Salem: [32]

Forbes

Forbes Family

Gardner

Gardner Family

Originally of Essex county:

Gillett

Hallowell

Hallowell Family

Healey/Dall

Holmes

Holmes Family

Jackson

Jackson Family

Knowles

Knowles Family

Lawrence

Lawrence Family

Descendant by marriage: Abbott Lawrence Lowell (1856–1943), president of Harvard University

Lodge

Lodge Family

Lowell

Lyman

Minot

Minot Family

Norcross

Norcross family

Original from Watertown, Massachusetts

Oakes

Oakes family

Otis

Otis family

Paine

Paine Family

Palfrey

Palfrey Family

Parkman

Parkman Family

Peabody

Peabody Family

Perkins

Perkins Family

Phillips

Phillips Family

Other notable relatives:

Putnam

Putnam Family

Quincy

Quincy Family

Rice

Rice Family

Originally of Sudbury, Massachusetts:

Saltonstall

Saltonstall Family

Sargent

Sears

Sears Family

Sedgwick

Sedgwick Family

Shattuck

Shaw

Storrow

Sturgis

Thayer

Thayer Family

Thorndike

Thorndike Family

Tudor

Tudor Family

Warren

Weld

Weld Family

Whitney

Wigglesworth

Wigglesworth Family

Winthrop

Winthrop Family

Patrilineal descendants:

Other descendants:

Bibliography

See also

Related Research Articles

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