| Canoeing at the Games of the XX Olympiad | |
|---|---|
| No. of events | 11 |
| Canoeing at the 1972 Summer Olympics | ||
|---|---|---|
Slalom | ||
| C-1 | men | |
| C-2 | men | |
| K-1 | men | women |
Sprint | ||
| C-1 1000 m | men | |
| C-2 1000 m | men | |
| K-1 500 m | women | |
| K-1 1000 m | men | |
| K-2 500 m | women | |
| K-2 1000 m | men | |
| K-4 1000 m | men | |
At the 1972 Summer Olympics in Munich, seven events in sprint canoe racing were contested, and for the first time at the Olympic Games, four events in slalom canoeing were also contested, at the Augsburg Eiskanal.
| Rank | Nation | Gold | Silver | Bronze | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 |  Soviet Union (URS) | 6 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
| 2 |  East Germany (GDR) | 4 | 1 | 1 | 6 |
| 3 |  Romania (ROU) | 1 | 2 | 1 | 4 |
| 4 |  West Germany (FRG) | 0 | 3 | 2 | 5 |
| 5 |  Hungary (HUN) | 0 | 2 | 2 | 4 |
| 6 |  Austria (AUT) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 |
 Netherlands (NED) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
 Sweden (SWE) | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
| 9 |  Bulgaria (BUL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
 France (FRA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 Norway (NOR) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 Poland (POL) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
 United States (USA) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | |
| Totals (13 nations) | 11 | 11 | 11 | 33 | |
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men's C-1 | Reinhard Eiben  East Germany | Reinhold Kauder  West Germany | Jamie McEwan  United States |
| Men's C-2 | Walter Hofmann and Rolf-Dieter Amend (GDR) | Hans-Otto Schumacher and Wilhelm Baues (FRG) | Jean-Louis Olry and Jean-Claude Olry (FRA) |
| Men's K-1 | Siegbert Horn East Germany | Norbert Sattler  Austria | Harald Gimpel East Germany |
| Women's K-1 | Angelika Bahmann East Germany | Gisela Grothaus West Germany | Magdalena Wunderlich West Germany |
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| C-1 1000 metres | Ivan Patzaichin  Romania | Tamás Wichmann  Hungary | Detlef Lewe West Germany |
| C-2 1000 metres | Vladas Česiūnas and Yuri Lobanov (URS) | Ivan Patzaichin and Serghei Covaliov (ROU) | Fedia Damianov and Ivan Burtchin (BUL) |
| K-1 1000 metres | Aleksandr Shaparenko  Soviet Union | Rolf Peterson  Sweden | Géza Csapó Hungary |
| K-2 1000 metres | Nikolai Gorbachev and Viktor Kratasyuk (URS) | József Deme and János Rátkai (HUN) | Władysław Szuszkiewicz and Rafał Piszcz (POL) |
| K-4 1000 metres | Soviet Union (URS) Yuri Filatov Yuri Stetsenko Vladimir Morozov Valeri Didenko | Romania (ROU) Aurel Vernescu Mihai Zafiu Roman Vartolomeu Atanase Sciotnic | Norway (NOR) Egil Søby Steinar Amundsen Tore Berger Jan Johansen |
| Games | Gold | Silver | Bronze |
|---|---|---|---|
| K-1 500 metres | Yulia Ryabchinskaya Soviet Union | Mieke Jaapies  Netherlands | Anna Pfeffer Hungary |
| K-2 500 metres | Lyudmila Pinayeva and Yekaterina Kuryshko (URS) | Ilse Kaschube and Petra Grabowski (GDR) | Maria Nichiforov and Viorica Dumitru (ROU) |
During the Congress of the International Canoe Federation (ICF) in 1966 that the Deutscher Kanu-Verband (DKV) decides to make all possible efforts to include canoeing slalom at the Olympic Games.
During the 67th Session of the IOC in Mexico in 1968, Canoe Slalom and Wild-Water Racing asked to be included into the Olympic Programme. The ICF presents an exposed about these two disciplines. [1] The meeting decides to add canoe slalom to the program with the restriction that the event must not take place too far from the Olympic city. [2]
If the proposition was accepted at the Session in June 1969 these two events will be part of the canoeing events that will make up one of the 21 sports of the Olympic Program in 1972.
During the Executive Board meeting in 1969 in Lausanne, Mr. de Coquereaumont said that although the slalom could be held in the centre of Munich, but the river-racing event would have to be held in Garmisch, 300 km from Munich. The Executive Board decided to recommend slalom for Munich Olympic Games, but the question would later be reviewed. However, River-racing was not approved. [3]
The Organizing Committee examines the possibility of building the Canoe-Slalom tracks in Munich about 5–6 km from the Olympic Village. The architects and technical staff examine two possibilities on the Isar River in the center of Munich. But in the construction problem there are some technical difficulties. The third possibility is to organize the Canoe-Slalom competition in Augsburg, which is about 64 km from Munich too far of the Olympic Village : referencing to the decision which was taken in 1969 the canoe slalom competition have to be held as near as possible to this Village. IOC decides that Canoe slalom for the Munich Games will be omitted from the programme if they would have to take place in Augsburg.
Finally, IOC gives final approval to organize events on Eiskanal in Augsburg during the Amsterdam's session in 1970 : Request that the Canoe Slalom for the Munich Games 1972 be held at Augsburg because a railway service will be ensured between the Olympic Village and Augsburg and will take 30 minutes. However, the decision will be reviewed for the next Olympic Games.
The slalom events will not take part anymore of the program for the Montreal Games in 1976. This experiment will not be repeated before in 1992 in Barcelona. [4]
The decision to include canoe slalom events at the Olympic program was taken during the Cold War. Moreover, Germany was the symbol of world division. [5] Consequently, the Olympic events become the scene of a confrontation between the West Germans and East Germans. Each seeking to assert its own ideological model. It was the West German who have the advantage because the Olympic Games take place in Munich and slalom events take place at Augsburg on Eiskanal. So, they used to train in this whitewater stadium. However, the East German National Federation canoe sends his national coach, Mr. Lempert in West-Germany. He pretends to be an entrepreneur of the International Canoe Federation. He can reproduce the plans of Eiskanal. A reproduction of the whitewater stadium is built around Zwickau. [6] The two Germanys are again equal. Finally it is the East Germans who win with four gold medals and one bronze against three silver medals and one bronze for West Germany.
The 1972 Summer Olympics, officially known as the Games of the XX Olympiad and commonly known as Munich 1972, was an international multi-sport event held in Munich, Bavaria, West Germany, from 26 August to 11 September 1972.
Canoeing is an activity which involves paddling a canoe with a single-bladed paddle. Common meanings of the term are limited to when the canoeing is the central purpose of the activity. Broader meanings include when it is combined with other activities such as canoe camping, or where canoeing is merely a transportation method used to accomplish other activities. Most present-day canoeing is done as or as a part of a sport or recreational activity. In some parts of Europe canoeing refers to both canoeing and kayaking, with a canoe being called an open canoe.
Canoe slalom is a competitive sport with the aim to navigate a decked canoe or kayak through a course of hanging downstream or upstream gates on river rapids in the fastest time possible. It is one of the two kayak and canoeing disciplines at the Summer Olympics, and is referred to by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as Canoe/Kayak Slalom. The other Olympic canoeing discipline is canoe sprint. Wildwater canoeing is a non-Olympic paddlesport.
The International Canoe Federation (ICF) is the umbrella organization of all national canoe organizations worldwide. It is headquartered in Lausanne, Switzerland, and administers all aspects of canoe sport worldwide. 157 countries are affiliated with the ICF after seven national federations were added at the 2008 ICF Congress in Rome.
The Augsburg Eiskanal is an artificial whitewater river in Augsburg, Germany, constructed as the canoe slalom venue for the 1972 Summer Olympics in nearby Munich.
An artificial whitewater course (AWWC) is a site for whitewater canoeing, whitewater kayaking, whitewater racing, whitewater rafting, playboating and slalom canoeing with artificially generated rapids.
Tony Estanguet is a French slalom canoeist and a three-time Olympic champion in C1. He competed at the international level from 1994 to 2012.
Alexander Grimm is a German slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2002.
Kanupark Markkleeberg, built in 2006, is the second of two artificial whitewater canoe/kayak slalom courses in Germany, and the only one powered by pumps. The other German course is the Eiskanal in Augsburg, used in the 1972 Summer Olympic Games in Munich. Kanupark Markkleeberg is located on the southeast shore of Markkleeberger See, a lake south of Markkleeberg, a suburb on the south side of Leipzig. A former open-pit coal mine, the lake was flooded in 1999 with groundwater and developed as a water recreation area. The lake is part of the Leipziger Neuseenland, the largest landscape construction project in Europe, which is reclaiming formerly barren industrial and mining sites for recreational use.
The 1985 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held between 12-16 June 1985 in Augsburg, West Germany under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the second time. Augsburg hosted the event previously in 1957. It was the 19th edition. It also marked the first time the championships took place on an artificial whitewater slalom course at the Eiskanal and the first to be held at an Olympic venue. The Eiskanal previously hosted the slalom canoeing events at the 1972 Summer Olympics held in neighboring Munich.
The 2003 ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships were held in Augsburg, Germany under the auspices of International Canoe Federation for the record-tying third time. It was the 28th edition. Augsburg hosted the championships previously in 1957 and 1985 when the city was part of West Germany, and matches the times hosted by Spittal, Austria, Meran, Italy, and Bourg St.-Maurice, France.
John Felton is an Australian slalom canoeist who competed from the late 1970s to the mid-1990s. He finished 14th in the C-2 event at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta.
Hannes Aigner is a German slalom canoeist who has competed at the international level since 2006. He is a two-time Olympic bronze medalist.
For the 1972 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-two sports venues were used. A majority of the venues used were new construction in time for the 1972 Games after Munich was awarded the Games in 1966. Kiel Bay was the only venue from the 1936 Summer Olympics to be used for the 1972 Games. A stretch of the Autobahn near Munich was used for cycling's road team time trial event. After the Olympics, Olympiastadion hosted the final of the FIFA World Cup less than two years later. Augsburg's Eiskanal has served as host to three Canoe Slalom World Championships while the shooting range hosted the World Shooting Championships 2010. Olympiapark was part of Munich's bid for the 2018 Winter Olympics.
The following outline is provided as an overview of canoeing and kayaking:
The 2005 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of eight races in 4 canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 18th edition. The series consisted of 4 continental championships, 3 world cup races and the world championships.
The 2000 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of six races in 4 canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 13th edition. The series consisted of 5 regular world cup races and the world cup final.
The 1998 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of five races in 4 canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 11th edition. The series consisted of 4 regular world cup races and the world cup final.
The 1996 Canoe Slalom World Cup was a series of five races in 4 canoeing and kayaking categories organized by the International Canoe Federation (ICF). It was the 9th edition. The series consisted of 4 regular world cup races and the world cup final.
The Ondrej Cibak Whitewater Slalom Course, in Liptovský Mikuláš, Slovakia, is the world's second-oldest artificial whitewater venue for international canoe slalom competition, after the Augsburg Eiskanal. Built in 1978, it diverts water around a small dam on the Váh river. With recent upgrades, including a covered stadium for spectators, it remains a prime site for the sport.
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