Favipiravir

Last updated

Favipiravir
Favipiravir.svg
Favipiravir-from-xtal-Mercury-3D-balls.png
Clinical data
Trade names Avigan (アビガン, Abigan), Avifavir, [1] Areplivir, [2] others
Other namesT-705, favipira, favilavir
Routes of
administration 		By mouth
ATC code
Legal status
Legal status
  • In general: ℞ (Prescription only)
Identifiers
  • 6-fluoro-3-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxamide
CAS Number
PubChem CID
DrugBank
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)
Chemical and physical data
Formula C5H4FN3O2
Molar mass 157.104 g·mol−1
3D model (JSmol)
  • C1=C(N=C(C(=O)N1)C(=O)N)F
  • InChI=1S/C5H4FN3O2/c6-2-1-8-5(11)3(9-2)4(7)10/h1H,(H2,7,10)(H,8,11)
  • Key:ZCGNOVWYSGBHAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N

Favipiravir, sold under the brand name Avigan among others, [3] is an antiviral medication used to treat influenza in Japan. [4] It is also being studied to treat a number of other viral infections, including SARS-CoV-2. [4] Like the experimental antiviral drugs T-1105 and T-1106, it is a pyrazinecarboxamide derivative. [5]

Contents

It is being developed and manufactured by Toyama Chemical (a subsidiary of Fujifilm) and was approved for medical use in Japan in 2014. [6] In 2016, Fujifilm licensed it to Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceutical Co. [7] It became a generic drug in 2019.[ citation needed ]

Medical use

Favipiravir has been approved to treat influenza in Japan. [6] It is, however, only indicated for novel influenza (strains that cause more severe disease) rather than seasonal influenza. [6] [8] As of 2020, the probability of resistance developing appears low. [6]

Side effects

There is evidence that use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. [6] Teratogenic and embryotoxic effects were shown on four animal species. [6] [9] In one case report, a 6-month old infant developed benign bright blue discolouration of the cornea after treatment with favipiravir which resolved after treatment cessation. [10]

Mechanism of action

The mechanism of its actions is thought to be related to the selective inhibition of viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. [11] [ medical citation needed ] Favipiravir is a prodrug that is metabolized to its active form, favipiravir-ribofuranosyl-5'-triphosphate (favipiravir-RTP), available in both oral and intravenous formulations. [12] [13] In 2014, favipiravir was approved in Japan for stockpiling against influenza pandemics. [14] However, favipiravir has not been shown to be effective in primary human airway cells, casting doubt on its efficacy in influenza treatment. [15]

Favipiravir ribofuranosyl triphosphate, the active form inside the body Favipiravir-RTP structure.png
Favipiravir ribofuranosyl triphosphate, the active form inside the body

Favipiravir-RTP is a nucleoside analogue. It mimics both guanosine and adenosine for the viral RdRP. Incorporating two such bases in a row stops primer extension, although it is unclear how as of 2013. [11]

Society and culture

The US Department of Defense developed favipiravir in partnership with MediVector, Inc. as a broad-spectrum antiviral and sponsored it through FDA Phase II and Phase III clinical trials, where it demonstrated safety in humans and efficacy against the influenza virus. [16] favipiravir remains unapproved in the UK and the USA. [17] In 2014, Japan approved favipiravir for treating influenza strains unresponsive to current antivirals. [18] Toyama Chemical initially hoped that favipiravir would become a new influenza medication that could replace oseltamivir (brand name Tamiflu). However, animal experiments show the potential for teratogenic effects, and the approval of production by The Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare was greatly delayed and the production condition is limited only in an emergency in Japan. [19]

Despite limited data on efficacy, as of March 2021 favipiravir is widely prescribed for outpatient treatment of mild to moderate COVID-19 in Egypt, [20] Hungary [21] and Serbia. [22] Patients are required to sign a consent form before obtaining the drug.[ citation needed ]

Brand names

Favipiravir 800 mg tablets from India Favipill 800 - Favipiravir Tablets 800 mg - Howrah 2023-05-15 9871.jpg
Favipiravir 800 mg tablets from India

Favipiravir is sold under the brand names Avigan (アビガン, Abigan), Avifavir, [1] Avipiravir, [23] Areplivir, [2] FabiFlu, [24] Favipira, [25] Reeqonus, [26] [27] and Qifenda.

Use in Russia

Coronavir is the brand name of favipiravir used in Russia, where it is approved for the treatment of COVID-19. It is produced and sold by R-Pharm. [28] [29] Coronavir was approved for use in Russia in hospitals in July 2020, and in September 2020 it received approval for prescription sales for outpatient use. [30]

Research

COVID-19

Favipiravir, as an antiviral drug, has been authorized for treating COVID-19 in several countries including Japan, Russia, Serbia, Turkey, India, and Thailand, under emergency provisions. [31] [32] [33] [34] A rapid meta-review in September 2020 (analyzing four studies) noted that the drug led to clinical and radiological improvements; however, no reduction in mortality or differences in oxygen-support requirement were observed and more rigorous studies were sought. [35] [36] A Cochrane Systematic review published in Feb 2024, noted that there is actually no real benefit with Favipiravir in treating Covid-19 in terms of mortality benefits, or admission to mechanical ventillation, or hospitalisation, and it may not make any difference in adverse effects or serious adverse effects. [37]

As of May 2021, large-cohort clinical trials are underway. [38]

Ebola

Research in 2014, suggested that favipiravir may have efficacy against Ebola based on studies in mouse models; efficacy in humans was unaddressed. [39] [40] [41]

During the 2014 West Africa Ebola virus outbreak, a French nurse who contracted Ebola while volunteering for Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) in Liberia reportedly recovered after receiving a course of favipiravir. [42] A clinical trial investigating the use of favipiravir against Ebola virus disease began in Guéckédou, Guinea, in December 2014. [43] Preliminary results presented in 2016 at the Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI), later published, showed a decrease in mortality in patients with low-to-moderate levels of virus in blood, but no effect on patients with high levels (the group at a higher risk of death). [44] [45] [46] The trial design was concomitantly criticised for using only historical controls. [47]

Nipah

Nipah virus is a causative agent of outbreaks of encephalitis with pneumonia and has a high case fatality rate. The first outbreak occurred in Malaysia-Singapore, related to contact with pigs in slaughterhouses and an outbreak in Philippines related to slaughter of horses, most other outbreaks have affected India and Bangladesh. in Bangladesh outbreaks are often associated with consumption of raw date palm sap contaminated by saliva and urine of fruit bats. [48] In a study published in the Scientific Reports, Syrian hamster model for Nipah virus infection was used, which closely mirrors most aspects of human disease, such as widespread vasculitis, pneumonia, and encephalitis. The hamsters were infected with a lethal dose of 104 PFU NiV-M via the intraperitoneal (i.p.) route similar to previous studies and treatment was initiated immediately after infection. Favipiravir was administered twice daily via the peroral (p.o.) route for 14 days. The treated hamsters displayed 100% survival and no obvious morbidity after lethal NiV challenge, whereas all the control cases died of severe disease. [49]

Other

In experiments in animals favipiravir has shown activity against West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, foot-and-mouth disease virus as well as other flaviviruses, arenaviruses, bunyaviruses and alphaviruses. [50] Activity against enteroviruses [51] and Rift Valley fever virus has also been demonstrated. [52] Favipiravir has showed limited efficacy against Zika virus in animal studies, but was less effective than other antivirals such as MK-608. [53] The agent has also shown some efficacy against rabies, [54] and has been used experimentally in some humans infected with the virus. [55]

Tautomerism

The possible tautomerism of favipiravir has been investigated computationally [56] and experimentally. [57] It was found that the enol-like form was substantially more stable in organic solvents than the keto-like form, meaning that Favipiravir likely exists almost exclusively in the enol-like form. In aqueous solution the keto-like tautomer is substantially stabilized due to the specific interaction with the water molecules. Upon protonation the keto form is switched on.[ citation needed ]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ribavirin</span> Antiviral medication

Ribavirin, also known as tribavirin, is an antiviral medication used to treat RSV infection, hepatitis C and some viral hemorrhagic fevers. For hepatitis C, it is used in combination with other medications such as simeprevir, sofosbuvir, peginterferon alfa-2b or peginterferon alfa-2a. Among the viral hemorrhagic fevers it is sometimes used for Lassa fever, Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever, and Hantavirus infection but should not be used for Ebola or Marburg infections. Ribavirin is taken orally or inhaled. Despite widespread usage, since the 2010s it has faced scrutiny for a lack of efficacy in treating viral infections it has historically been prescribed for.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Oseltamivir</span> Antiviral medication used against influenza A and influenza B

Oseltamivir, sold under the brand name Tamiflu, is an antiviral medication used to treat and prevent influenza A and influenza B, viruses that cause the flu. Many medical organizations recommend it in people who have complications or are at high risk of complications within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection. They recommend it to prevent infection in those at high risk, but not the general population. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends that clinicians use their discretion to treat those at lower risk who present within 48 hours of first symptoms of infection. It is taken by mouth, either as a pill or liquid.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Umifenovir</span> Chemical compound

Umifenovir, sold under the brand name Arbidol, is an antiviral medication for the treatment of influenza and COVID infections used in Russia and China. The drug is manufactured by Pharmstandard. It is not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment or prevention of influenza.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nitazoxanide</span> Broad-spectrum antiparasitic and antiviral medication

Nitazoxanide, sold under the brand name Alinia among others, is a broad-spectrum antiparasitic and broad-spectrum antiviral medication that is used in medicine for the treatment of various helminthic, protozoal, and viral infections. It is indicated for the treatment of infection by Cryptosporidium parvum and Giardia lamblia in immunocompetent individuals and has been repurposed for the treatment of influenza. Nitazoxanide has also been shown to have in vitro antiparasitic activity and clinical treatment efficacy for infections caused by other protozoa and helminths; evidence as of 2014 suggested that it possesses efficacy in treating a number of viral infections as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Brincidofovir</span> Antiviral drug

Brincidofovir, sold under the brand name Tembexa, is an antiviral drug used to treat smallpox. Brincidofovir is a prodrug of cidofovir. Conjugated to a lipid, the compound is designed to release cidofovir intracellularly, allowing for higher intracellular and lower plasma concentrations of cidofovir, effectively increasing its activity against dsDNA viruses, as well as oral bioavailability.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">ZMapp</span> Experimental treatment for Ebola virus disease

ZMapp is an experimental biopharmaceutical drug comprising three chimeric monoclonal antibodies under development as a treatment for Ebola virus disease. Two of the three components were originally developed at the Public Health Agency of Canada's National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), and the third at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases; the cocktail was optimized by Gary Kobinger, a research scientist at the NML and underwent further development under license by Mapp Biopharmaceutical. ZMapp was first used on humans during the Western African Ebola virus epidemic, having only been previously tested on animals and not yet subjected to a randomized controlled trial. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) ran a clinical trial starting in January 2015 with subjects from Sierra Leone, Guinea, and Liberia aiming to enroll 200 people, but the epidemic waned and the trial closed early, leaving it too statistically underpowered to give a meaningful result about whether ZMapp worked.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Galidesivir</span> Antiviral drug

Galidesivir is an antiviral drug, an adenosine analog. It was developed by BioCryst Pharmaceuticals with funding from NIAID, originally intended as a treatment for hepatitis C, but subsequently developed as a potential treatment for deadly filovirus infections such as Ebola virus disease and Marburg virus disease, as well as Zika virus. Currently, galidesivir is under phase 1 human trial in Brazil for coronavirus.

JK-05 is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed by the Chinese company Sihuan Pharmaceutical along with the Chinese Academy of Military Medical Sciences. It is reported to act as an inhibitor of the viral enzyme RNA polymerase which is essential for viral replication. In tests on mice, JK-05 was claimed to show efficacy against a range of RNA viruses, including influenza, Ebola virus and yellow fever, as well as several arenaviruses and bunyaviruses. The chemical structure of JK-05 has not been disclosed as of October 2014, but it is claimed to be a small molecule drug with a comparatively simple structure, which should be readily amenable to synthesis scale-up for mass production if testing is successful. The drug is however admitted to be similar to the Japanese anti-influenza drug favipiravir, developed by Fujifilm Holdings Corp, which has been used effectively to treat patients with Ebola. In addition, WHO committee members mentioned that the drug is a copy product of favipiravir, because patents of favipiravir were already registered in 2006 in China. The drug has been given preliminary approval by the Chinese authorities to be available for Chinese health workers involved in combating the 2014 West African Ebola outbreak, or if Ebola were to spread into mainland China. Several other Chinese developed antiviral drugs with anti-Ebola activity have also been disclosed, but have not progressed so far through development as JK-05.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ebola virus disease treatment research</span>

There is a cure for the Ebola virus disease that is currently approved for market the US government has inventory in the Strategic National Stockpile. For past and current Ebola epidemics, treatment has been primarily supportive in nature.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Riamilovir</span> Chemical compound

Riamilovir is a broad-spectrum antiviral drug developed in Russia through a joint effort of Ural Federal University, Russian Academy of Sciences, Ural Center for Biopharma Technologies and Medsintez Pharmaceutical. It has a novel triazolotriazine core, which represents a new structural class of non-nucleoside antiviral drugs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">NITD008</span> Chemical compound

NITD008 is an antiviral drug classified as an adenosine analog. It was developed as a potential treatment for flavivirus infections and shows broad spectrum antiviral activity against many related viruses such as dengue virus, West Nile virus, yellow fever virus, Powassan virus, hepatitis C virus, Kyasanur Forest disease virus, Omsk hemorrhagic fever virus, and Zika virus. However, NITD008 proved too toxic in pre-clinical animal testing to be suitable for human trials, but it continues to be used in research to find improved treatments for emerging viral diseases.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Remdesivir</span> Antiviral drug

Remdesivir, sold under the brand name Veklury, is a broad-spectrum antiviral medication developed by the biopharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences. It is administered via injection into a vein. During the COVID‑19 pandemic, remdesivir was approved or authorized for emergency use to treat COVID‑19 in numerous countries.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nipah virus infection</span> Disease caused by Nipah virus

A Nipah virus infection is a viral infection caused by the Nipah virus. Symptoms from infection vary from none to fever, cough, headache, shortness of breath, and confusion. This may worsen into a coma over a day or two, and 50 to 75% of those infected die. Complications can include inflammation of the brain and seizures following recovery.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pimodivir</span> Chemical compound

Pimodivir is an antiviral drug which was developed as a treatment for influenza. It acts as an inhibitor of influenza virus polymerase basic protein 2, and has shown promising results in Phase II clinical trials. However, in late 2021, Janssen announced that the clinical development of pimidivir had been halted due to lack of benefit over standard of care.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 drug repurposing research</span> Drug repurposing research related to COVID-19

Drug repositioning is the repurposing of an approved drug for the treatment of a different disease or medical condition than that for which it was originally developed. This is one line of scientific research which is being pursued to develop safe and effective COVID-19 treatments. Other research directions include the development of a COVID-19 vaccine and convalescent plasma transfusion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">COVID-19 drug development</span> Preventative and therapeutic medications for COVID-19 infection

COVID-19 drug development is the research process to develop preventative therapeutic prescription drugs that would alleviate the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). From early 2020 through 2021, several hundred drug companies, biotechnology firms, university research groups, and health organizations were developing therapeutic candidates for COVID-19 disease in various stages of preclinical or clinical research, with 419 potential COVID-19 drugs in clinical trials, as of April 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Convalescent plasma</span> Blood plasma from disease survivor

Convalescent plasma is the blood plasma collected from a survivor of an infectious disease. This plasma contains antibodies specific to a pathogen and can be used therapeutically by providing passive immunity when transfusing it to a newly infected patient with the same condition. Convalescent plasma can be transfused as it has been collected or become the source material for hyperimmune serum or anti-pathogen monoclonal antibodies; the latter consists exclusively of IgG, while convalescent plasma also includes IgA and IgM. Collection is typically achieved by apheresis, but in low-to-middle income countries, the treatment can be administered as convalescent whole blood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Molnupiravir</span> Antiviral medication

Molnupiravir, sold under the brand name Lagevrio, is an antiviral medication that inhibits the replication of certain RNA viruses. It is used to treat COVID‑19 in those infected by SARS-CoV-2. It is taken by mouth.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GS-441524</span> Metabolite of remdesivir

GS-441524 is a nucleoside analogue antiviral drug which was developed by Gilead Sciences. It is the main plasma metabolite of the antiviral prodrug remdesivir, and has a half-life of around 24 hours in human patients. Remdesivir and GS-441524 were both found to be effective in vitro against feline coronavirus strains responsible for feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), a lethal systemic disease affecting domestic cats. Remdesivir was never tested in cats, but GS-441524 has been found to be effective treatment for FIP.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Viral vector vaccine</span> Type of vaccine

A viral vector vaccine is a vaccine that uses a viral vector to deliver genetic material (DNA) that can be transcribed by the recipient's host cells as mRNA coding for a desired protein, or antigen, to elicit an immune response. As of April 2021, six viral vector vaccines, four COVID-19 vaccines and two Ebola vaccines, have been authorized for use in humans.

References

  1. 1 2 "Avifavir". Russian drug reference. Medum.ru.
  2. 1 2 "Arelpivir". Russian drug reference. Medum.ru.
  3. ↑ "Glenmark launches Covid-19 drug FabiFlu, priced at Rs 103 per tablet". Business Standard India. Press Trust of India. 20 June 2020.
  4. 1 2 Du YX, Chen XP (August 2020). "Favipiravir: Pharmacokinetics and Concerns About Clinical Trials for 2019-nCoV Infection". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 108 (2): 242–247. doi: 10.1002/cpt.1844 . PMID   32246834.
  5. ↑ Furuta Y, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Sakamoto K, Smee DF, Barnard DL, et al. (June 2009). "T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections". Antiviral Research. 82 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198. PMC   7127082 . PMID   19428599.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Shiraki K, Daikoku T (May 2020). "Favipiravir, an anti-influenza drug against life-threatening RNA virus infections". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 209: 107512. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2020.107512. PMC   7102570 . PMID   32097670.
  7. ↑ EJ Lane (22 June 2016). "Fujifilm in Avigan API license with Zhejiang Hisun Pharmaceuticals". Fierce Pharma. Retrieved 20 April 2020.
  8. ↑ "Information of Avigan Tablet in relation to Covid-19". FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co., Ltd.
  9. ↑ Pilkington V, Pepperrell T, Hill A (April 2020). "A review of the safety of favipiravir - a potential treatment in the COVID-19 pandemic?". Journal of Virus Eradication. 6 (2): 45–51. doi:10.1016/S2055-6640(20)30016-9. PMC   7331506 . PMID   32405421.
  10. ↑ Jiravisitkul P, Thonginnetra S, Wongvisavavit R (2023). "Case report: Favipiravir-induced bluish corneal discoloration in infant with COVID-19". Frontiers in Pediatrics. 11: 1154814. doi: 10.3389/fped.2023.1154814 . PMC   10154467 . PMID   37152312.
  11. 1 2 Jin Z, Smith LK, Rajwanshi VK, Kim B, Deval J (2013). "The ambiguous base-pairing and high substrate efficiency of T-705 (Favipiravir) Ribofuranosyl 5'-triphosphate towards influenza A virus polymerase". PLOS ONE. 8 (7): e68347. Bibcode:2013PLoSO...868347J. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0068347 . PMC   3707847 . PMID   23874596.
  12. ↑ Guedj J, Piorkowski G, Jacquot F, Madelain V, Nguyen TH, Rodallec A, et al. (March 2018). "Antiviral efficacy of favipiravir against Ebola virus: A translational study in cynomolgus macaques". PLOS Medicine. 15 (3): e1002535. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1002535 . PMC   5870946 . PMID   29584730.
  13. ↑ Smee DF, Hurst BL, Egawa H, Takahashi K, Kadota T, Furuta Y (October 2009). "Intracellular metabolism of favipiravir (T-705) in uninfected and influenza A (H5N1) virus-infected cells". The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 64 (4): 741–746. doi:10.1093/jac/dkp274. PMC   2740635 . PMID   19643775.
  14. ↑ Koons C (7 August 2014). "Ebola Drug From Japan May Emerge Among Key Candidates". Bloomberg.com.
  15. ↑ Yoon JJ, Toots M, Lee S, Lee ME, Ludeke B, Luczo JM, et al. (August 2018). "Orally Efficacious Broad-Spectrum Ribonucleoside Analog Inhibitor of Influenza and Respiratory Syncytial Viruses". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 62 (8): e00766–18. doi:10.1128/AAC.00766-18. PMC   6105843 . PMID   29891600.
  16. ↑ "MediVector Completes Patient Enrollment In Two Phase 3 Studies Of Favipiravir For Influenza". BioSpace. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  17. ↑ Lumby CK, Zhao L, Oporto M, Best T, Tutill H, Shah D, et al. (October 2020). "Favipiravir and Zanamivir Cleared Infection with Influenza B in a Severely Immunocompromised Child". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 71 (7): e191–e194. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciaa023 . PMID   32124919.
  18. ↑ Hayden FG, Shindo N (April 2019). "Influenza virus polymerase inhibitors in clinical development". Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 32 (2): 176–186. doi: 10.1097/QCO.0000000000000532 . PMC   6416007 . PMID   30724789. Open Access logo PLoS transparent.svg
  19. ↑ 条件付き承認で普及に足かせ 富山化学インフル薬の"無念" [Conditional approval hinders popularization Toyama chemical flu drug's "disappointment"] (in Japanese). 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.
  20. ↑ "تعرف على علاج كورونا المطروح بالصيدليات المصرية وسعره ومدى نجاعته" [Learn about the Corona treatment offered in Egyptian pharmacies, its price, and its efficacy]. Al Jazeera . 11 March 2021. Archived from the original on 23 December 2021. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  21. ↑ "A kórházakat tehermentesítheti az egyforintos koronavírus-gyógyszer" [Hospitals can be relieved of the one-forint coronavirus medicine]. telex (in Hungarian). 11 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
  22. ↑ "Korona virus: Koji se lekovi protiv Kovida-19 koriste u Srbiji" [Corona virus: What anti-Covid-19 drugs are used in Serbia]. 22 November 2021.
  23. ↑ "EVA Pharma Announces Availability of Antiviral Avipiravir® Tablets in Egyptian Pharmacies". EVA Pharma . Archived from the original on 21 January 2022. Retrieved 21 January 2022.
  24. ↑ "'FabiFlu is the most economical COVID-19 treatment option': Glenmark's reply to Centre on alleged 'overpricing'". DNA India. 21 July 2020. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  25. ↑ "Favipira - Tablet - 200 mg - Beacon Pharmaceuticals Ltd. - Indications, Pharmacology, Dosage, Side Effects & other Generic Info". Medex. Retrieved 22 July 2020.
  26. ↑ "Broad-Spectrum Oral Antiviral Sales Surge for COVID-19 Treatment". www.precisionvaccinations.com. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  27. ↑ "Favipiravir". Appili Therapeutics. Archived from the original on 6 November 2021. Retrieved 6 November 2021.
  28. ↑ "Russian firm gets approval for drug said to block coronavirus replication". 8 July 2020. Archived from the original on 5 December 2023. Retrieved 11 June 2023– via in.reuters.com.
  29. ↑ "Russia approves R-Pharm's Coronavir for Covid-19 treatment". Pharmaceutical Technology. 9 July 2020. Retrieved 21 July 2020.
  30. ↑ Reuters Staff (18 September 2020). "Russia approves first COVID-19 prescription drug for sale in pharmacies". Reuters (in French). Retrieved 20 September 2020.[ dead link ]
  31. ↑ Ueda M, Tanimoto T, Murayama A, Ozaki A, Kami M (March 2022). "Japan's Drug Regulation During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons From a Case Study of Favipiravir". Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics. 111 (3): 545–547. doi: 10.1002/cpt.2251 . PMC   8251038 . PMID   33882157.
  32. ↑ "Russia approves first COVID-19 prescription drug for sale in pharmacies". Reuters. 18 September 2020. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  33. ↑ Pulla P (25 November 2020). "Is Favipiravir Good for COVID-19? Clinical Trial Says No, Press Release Says Yes". The Wire Science. Retrieved 20 May 2021.
  34. ↑ Wipatayotin A (8 August 2021). "More patients to be given Favipiravir". The Bangkok Post. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  35. ↑ Vaidyanathan G (November 2020). "Scientists criticize use of unproven COVID drugs in India". Nature. 587 (7833): 187–188. Bibcode:2020Natur.587..187V. doi:10.1038/d41586-020-03105-7. PMID   33169025. S2CID   226295778.
  36. ↑ Shrestha DB, Budhathoki P, Khadka S, Shah PB, Pokharel N, Rashmi P (September 2020). "Favipiravir versus other antiviral or standard of care for COVID-19 treatment: a rapid systematic review and meta-analysis". Virology Journal. 17 (1): 141. doi: 10.1186/s12985-020-01412-z . PMC   7512218 . PMID   32972430.
  37. ↑ Korula P, Alexander H, John JS, Kirubakaran R, Singh B, Tharyan P, et al. (Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group) (February 2024). "Favipiravir for treating COVID-19". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2 (2): CD015219. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD015219.pub2. PMC   10840071 . PMID   38314855.
  38. ↑ "Favipiravir to be investigated as a possible COVID-19 treatment for at-home recovery in the PRINCIPLE trial". PRINCIPLE Trial. 8 April 2021. Led by University of Oxford researchers, PRINCIPLE is one of the UK Government's national priority platform trials for COVID-19 treatments and was set-up with the intention that drugs shown to have a clinical benefit could be rapidly introduced into routine NHS care.
  39. ↑ Gatherer D (August 2014). "The 2014 Ebola virus disease outbreak in West Africa". The Journal of General Virology. 95 (Pt 8): 1619–1624. doi: 10.1099/vir.0.067199-0 . PMID   24795448.
  40. ↑ Oestereich L, Lüdtke A, Wurr S, Rieger T, Muñoz-Fontela C, Günther S (May 2014). "Successful treatment of advanced Ebola virus infection with T-705 (favipiravir) in a small animal model". Antiviral Research. 105: 17–21. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.014 . PMID   24583123.
  41. ↑ Smither SJ, Eastaugh LS, Steward JA, Nelson M, Lenk RP, Lever MS (April 2014). "Post-exposure efficacy of oral T-705 (Favipiravir) against inhalational Ebola virus infection in a mouse model". Antiviral Research. 104: 153–155. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.01.012. PMID   24462697.
  42. ↑ "First French Ebola patient leaves hospital". Reuters. 4 October 2016.
  43. ↑ "Guinea: Clinical Trial for Potential Ebola Treatment Started in MSF Clinic in Guinea". AllAfrica – All the Time. Retrieved 28 December 2014.
  44. ↑ "Favipiravir in Patients with Ebola Virus Disease: Early Results of the JIKI trial in Guinea". CROIconference.org. 24 February 2015. Retrieved 17 March 2016.
  45. ↑ Sissoko D, Laouenan C, Folkesson E, M'Lebing AB, Beavogui AH, Baize S, et al. (March 2016). "Experimental Treatment with Favipiravir for Ebola Virus Disease (the JIKI Trial): A Historically Controlled, Single-Arm Proof-of-Concept Trial in Guinea". PLOS Medicine. 13 (3): e1001967. doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001967 . PMC   4773183 . PMID   26930627.
  46. ↑ Fink S (4 February 2015). "Ebola Drug Aids Some in a Study in West Africa". The New York Times .
  47. ↑ Cohen J (26 February 2015). "Results from encouraging Ebola trial scrutinized". Science . doi:10.1126/science.aaa7912 . Retrieved 21 January 2016.
  48. ↑ Banerjee S, Gupta N, Kodan P, Mittal A, Ray Y, Nischal N, et al. (February 2019). "Nipah virus disease: A rare and intractable disease". Intractable & Rare Diseases Research. 8 (1): 1–8. doi:10.5582/irdr.2018.01130. PMC   6409114 . PMID   30881850.
  49. ↑ Dawes BE, Kalveram B, Ikegami T, Juelich T, Smith JK, Zhang L, et al. (May 2018). "Favipiravir (T-705) protects against Nipah virus infection in the hamster model". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 7604. Bibcode:2018NatSR...8.7604D. doi:10.1038/s41598-018-25780-3. PMC   5954062 . PMID   29765101.
  50. ↑ Furuta Y, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Sakamoto K, Smee DF, Barnard DL, et al. (June 2009). "T-705 (favipiravir) and related compounds: Novel broad-spectrum inhibitors of RNA viral infections". Antiviral Research. 82 (3): 95–102. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2009.02.198. PMC   7127082 . PMID   19428599.
  51. ↑ Furuta Y, Gowen BB, Takahashi K, Shiraki K, Smee DF, Barnard DL (November 2013). "Favipiravir (T-705), a novel viral RNA polymerase inhibitor". Antiviral Research. 100 (2): 446–454. doi:10.1016/j.antiviral.2013.09.015. PMC   3880838 . PMID   24084488.
  52. ↑ Caroline AL, Powell DS, Bethel LM, Oury TD, Reed DS, Hartman AL (April 2014). "Broad spectrum antiviral activity of favipiravir (T-705): protection from highly lethal inhalational Rift Valley Fever". PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 8 (4): e2790. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0002790 . PMC   3983105 . PMID   24722586.
  53. ↑ Mumtaz N, van Kampen JJ, Reusken CB, Boucher CA, Koopmans MP (2016). "Zika Virus: Where Is the Treatment?". Current Treatment Options in Infectious Diseases. 8 (3): 208–211. doi:10.1007/s40506-016-0083-7. PMC   4969322 . PMID   27547128.
  54. ↑ Yamada K, Noguchi K, Komeno T, Furuta Y, Nishizono A (April 2016). "Efficacy of Favipiravir (T-705) in Rabies Postexposure Prophylaxis". The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 213 (8): 1253–1261. doi:10.1093/infdis/jiv586. PMC   4799667 . PMID   26655300.
  55. ↑ Murphy J, Sifri CD, Pruitt R, Hornberger M, Bonds D, Blanton J, et al. (January 2019). "Human Rabies - Virginia, 2017". MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 67 (5152): 1410–1414. doi:10.15585/mmwr.mm675152a2. PMC   6334827 . PMID   30605446.
  56. ↑ Antonov L (2020). "Favipiravir tautomerism: a theoretical insight". Theoretical Chemistry Accounts. 139 (8): 145. doi: 10.1007/s00214-020-02656-2 . PMC   7415411 . PMID   32834770.
  57. ↑ Deneva V, Slavova S, Kumanova A, Vassilev N, Nedeltcheva-Antonova D, Antonov L (December 2022). "Favipiravir-Tautomeric and Complexation Properties in Solution". Pharmaceuticals. 16 (1): 45. doi: 10.3390/ph16010045 . PMC   9864296 . PMID   36678542.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.