IRNSS-1H

Last updated
IRNSS-1H
IRNSS Series 1.jpg
Typical IRNSS series one spacecraft
Mission type Navigation
Operator ISRO
COSPAR ID 2017-051A OOjs UI icon edit-ltr-progressive.svg
SATCAT no. 42928
Website https://www.ursc.gov.in/navigation/html/irnss-1h.jsp
Mission durationPlanned: 10 years
Spacecraft properties
Bus I-1K
Manufacturer ISRO Satellite Centre
Space Applications Centre
Alpha Design et al. [1]
Launch mass1,425 kilograms (3,142 lb)
Dry mass594.35 kilograms (1,310.3 lb)
Power1671 watts
Start of mission
Launch date31 August 2017, 13:30 UTC
Rocket PSLV-XL C39
Launch site Satish Dhawan SLP
Contractor ISRO
End of mission
DisposalLaunch vehicle heatshield failure [2]
Decay date2 March 2019
Orbital parameters
Reference system Geocentric
←  IRNSS-1G
IRNSS-1I  →
 

IRNSS-1H was the eighth in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites, after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C, IRNSS-1D, IRNSS-1E, IRNSS-1F and IRNSS-1G. It was lost in the launch failure of PSLV-C39 on August 31, 2017. [3] [4]

Contents

Overview

IRNSS-1H was India's first satellite to be assembled, integrated and tested by private firms under ISRO supervision and was intended to replace the failed IRNSS-1A and complete the NAVIC constellation of geosynchronous navigation satellites which is a ₹1420-crore independent regional navigation satellite system developed by India. [5] [6]

Payload: [7]

Propulsion: Conventional bipropellant system with Mono Methyl Hydrazine as fuel and Mixed Oxides of Nitrogen (MON-3) as oxidizer. [7]

Launch

PSLV-C39 carrying IRNSS-1H was using XL variant of Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle on its forty-first flight. Launch occurred as scheduled at 19:00 IST or 13:30 UTC, 31 August 2017 from Second Launch Pad of SDSC (SHAR) aiming for orbit of 284 × 20,650 km (Sub GTO) with 19.2° inclination. Vehicle performed initial flight sequences as planned but 203 seconds into flight, the payload fairing jettison event was not accomplished. Excluding this mid-flight malfunction, rest of the planned flight sequences including spacecraft separation at 17 minutes and 56 seconds occurred nominally but due to extra 1182 kg mass of fairing, [8] target orbit could not be achieved leaving the combined assembly of PSLV upper-stage (PS4), enclosed payload fairing and trapped IRNSS-1H spacecraft in 167.4 × 6554.8 km orbit with 19.18° inclination. [9] [10] [11] Liquid Apogee Motor (LAM) of IRNSS-1H was fired to help it come out of the payload fairing and to consume the propellants and passivate the spacecraft. [8]

PSLV payload fairing or heatshield PSLV Heat Shield Model.jpg
PSLV payload fairing or heatshield

Prior to PSLV C39 / IRNSS-1H, last launch failure involving a PSLV happened 24 years ago in 1993, following which many variants of PSLV rockets have had 39 successful launches. [12]

Cause of failure

PSLV-C39 payload fairing separation mechanism consisted of horizontal and vertical jettisoning system. At the scheduled time during flight separation command was issued and the horizontal jettisoning system functioned nominally but the vertical jettisoning system malfunctioned and subsequently two halves of the payload fairing could not move apart. The cause of malfunction was identified as non-initiation of detonation in pyro device of vertical jettisoning system. [13] [14]

Orbit decay

Combined assembly of PSLV fourth stage, payload fairings and enclosed IRNSS-1H spacecraft within it weighed between 2675 and 3480 kg and re-entered Earth's atmosphere around 19:23 UTC on 2 March 2019 over Vanuatu. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Indian expendable launch vehicle for launching satellites, developed by ISRO

The Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) is an expendable medium-lift launch vehicle designed and operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). It was developed to allow India to launch its Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) satellites into sun-synchronous orbits, a service that was, until the advent of the PSLV in 1993, only commercially available from Russia. PSLV can also launch small size satellites into Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Class of Indian medium-lift expendable launch vehicles, developed by ISRO

Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV) is an expendable launch system operated by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). GSLV was used in fifteen launches from 2001 to 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Payload fairing</span> Nose cone of a rocket used to protect spacecraft during launch

A payload fairing is a nose cone used to protect a spacecraft payload against the impact of dynamic pressure and aerodynamic heating during launch through an atmosphere. An additional function on some flights is to maintain the cleanroom environment for precision instruments. Once outside the atmosphere the fairing is jettisoned, exposing the payload to outer space.

The GPS-aided GEO augmented navigation (GAGAN) is an implementation of a regional satellite-based augmentation system (SBAS) by the Government of India. It is a system to improve the accuracy of a GNSS receiver by providing reference signals. The Airports Authority of India (AAI)'s efforts towards implementation of operational SBAS can be viewed as the first step towards introduction of modern communication, navigation and surveillance / air traffic management system over the Indian airspace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">GSAT-4</span>

GSAT-4, also known as HealthSat, was an experimental communication and navigation satellite launched in April 2010 by the Indian Space Research Organisation on the maiden flight of the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle Mk.II rocket. It failed to reach orbit after the rocket's third stage malfunctioned. The third stage was the first Indian-built cryogenic-fuelled upper stage, and was making its first flight. The ISRO suspects that the failure was caused by the third stage not igniting.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System</span> Satellite navigation system

The Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS), with an operational name of NavIC, is an autonomous regional satellite navigation system that provides accurate real-time positioning and timing services. It covers India and a region extending 1,500 km (930 mi) around it, with plans for further extension. An extended service area lies between the primary service area and a rectangle area enclosed by the 30th parallel south to the 50th parallel north and the 30th meridian east to the 130th meridian east, 1,500–6,000 km (930–3,730 mi) beyond borders where some of the NavIC satellites are visible but the position is not always computable with assured accuracy. The system currently consists of a constellation of eight satellites, with two additional satellites on ground as stand-by.

IRNSS-1A is the first navigational satellite in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites been placed in geosynchronous orbit.

IRNSS-1B is the second out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A. The IRNSS constellation of satellites is slated to be launched to provide navigational services to the region. It was placed in geosynchronous orbit on 4 April 2014.

IRNSS-1C is the third out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A and IRNSS-1B. The IRNSS constellation of satellites is slated to be launched to provide navigational services to the region. It was launched on 15 October 2014 at 20:02 UTC by PSLV-C26 and will be placed in geostationary orbit.

IRNSS-1D is a satellite in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) constellation. The satellite is the fourth of seven in the constellation, launched after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B and IRNSS-1C. The satellite is the only satellite in the constellation slated to provide navigational services to the region. The satellite will be placed in geosynchronous orbit. It was launched successfully on 28 March 2015 onboard ISRO's PSLV-C27 from Satish Dhawan Space Center, Sriharikota.

IRNSS-1E is the fifth out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C and IRNSS-1D. It is one among the seven of the IRNSS constellation of satellites launched to provide navigational services to the region. The satellite was placed in geosynchronous orbit. IRNSS-1E has been successfully launched into orbit on 20 January 2016

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IRNSS-1F</span>

IRNSS-1F is the sixth navigation satellite out of seven in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C, IRNSS-1D and IRNSS-1E. The satellite is one among the seven of the IRNSS constellation of satellites launched to provide navigational services to the region.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IRNSS-1G</span>

IRNSS-1G was the seventh and final of the Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites after IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C, IRNSS-1D, IRNSS-1E and IRNSS-1F. This system of satellites will provide navigational services to the Indian region. The satellite was launched successfully on 28 April 2016 at 07:20 UTC.

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle – C39 was the forty-first flight of the PSLV series of launch vehicles on 31 August 2017. Launched in its XL configuration, the vehicle suffered a rare failure – the first failure after 24 years of operations when the heat shield failed to separate and the payload became trapped inside the heat shield and could not be deployed.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">IRNSS-1I</span>

IRNSS-1I is the eighth satellite in the Indian Regional Navigational Satellite System (IRNSS) series of satellites, in reality, IRNSS - 1I is the ninth satellite that launched in IRNSS constellation but it is counting as eighth satellite because IRNSS - 1I is an eighth satellite that has launched successfully in IRNSS constellation. ISRO already launched IRNSS-1A, IRNSS-1B, IRNSS-1C, IRNSS-1D, IRNSS-1E, IRNSS-1F, IRNSS-1G and IRNSS-1H. The satellite is intended to replace the failed IRNSS-1A, and complete the constellation of geosynchronous navigation satellites after IRNSS-1H failed to do so. The satellite's assembly, integration and testing is partly done by a consortium of six small firms led by Alpha Design Technologies, a Bengaluru-based aerospace firm under URSC's supervision.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Small Satellite Launch Vehicle</span> Indian small-lift launch vehicle

The Small Satellite Launch Vehicle (SSLV) is a small-lift launch vehicle developed by ISRO with payload capacity to deliver 500 kg (1,100 lb) to low Earth orbit or 300 kg (660 lb) to Sun-synchronous orbit for launching small satellites, with the capability to support multiple orbital drop-offs. SSLV is made keeping low cost, low turnaround time in mind with launch-on-demand flexibility under minimal infrastructure requirements.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">PSLV-C42</span> 44th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle program

PSLV-C42 was the 44th mission of the Indian Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV) program and its 12th mission in the Core Alone (CA) configuration. PSLV-C42 successfully carried and deployed 2 earth observation satellites in sun-synchronous orbits at an altitude of 588 kilometres (365 mi). It was launched on 16 September 2018 by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) from the first launch pad of the Satish Dhawan Space Centre at Sriharikota, Andhra Pradesh. The two international satellites were launched as part of a commercial arrangement between Surrey Satellite Technology Limited (SSTL) and ISRO's commercial arm Antrix Corporation Limited, run under the auspices of the Indian Government's Department of Space.

References

  1. ↑ "IRNSS-1H: Isro to launch India's first satellite jointly built with pvt cos today" . Retrieved 19 December 2019. This satellite is the first of the two satellites - being contracted by Isro to a consortium of small firms led by Alpha Design Technologies, a Bengaluru-based aerospace firm.
  2. ↑ "IRNSS-1H launch from Sriharikota unsuccessful: ISRO". The Indian Express. 31 August 2017. Retrieved 31 August 2017.
  3. ↑ "ISRO to launch a new navigation satellite on August 31". The Indian Express. 24 August 2017.
  4. ↑ "PSLV-C39/IRNSS-1H Mission - ISRO". ISRO. Archived from the original on 2017-09-21. Retrieved 2017-08-24.
  5. ↑ "IRNSS-1H set to launch on Thursday". The Hindu. 2017-08-30. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  6. ↑ "1 tonne of extra weight doomed PSLV mission". The Times of India . 2 September 2017.
  7. 1 2 "SALIENT FEATURES OF IRNSS 1H". www.ursc.gov.in. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  8. 1 2 3 Singh, Satyendra (11 December 2019). "IRNSS-1H/PSLV-C39 Orbit Evolution and Re-entry Analysis" (PDF). Retrieved 19 December 2019.
  9. ↑ "heat shield". hindustan times. September 2017. Retrieved 1 September 2017.
  10. ↑ "Two-Decade Success Streak Ends with PSLV Launch Failure on IRNSS-1H Mission – PSLV C39 | Spaceflight101". 31 August 2017. Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  11. ↑ Clark, Stephen. "Indian navigation satellite stranded on rocket after launch – Spaceflight Now" . Retrieved 2019-12-19.
  12. ↑ "ISRO's IRNSS-1H fiasco: Failures are common in space missions, but India can't afford them at this juncture". September 2017.
  13. ↑ "Government of India, Department of Space, Rajya Sabha, Unstarred Question Number. 773" (PDF). 8 February 2018. Retrieved 19 December 2019. The 41st flight of PSLV (PSLV-C39) that took place on August 31, 2017 with Indian Regional Navigational Satellite (IRNSS-1H weighing 1425 kg) could not reach the designated orbit, due to non-separation of Payload Fairing (also known as heat shield) during the 2nd stage of the flight. The root cause of the failure was understood after analysing the various flight and ground test data in more detail. For the Payload Fairing separation to happen successfully, the horizontal and vertical jettisoning system needs to function. Based on the flight data, it was observed that the command for horizontal and vertical jettisoning system was successfully issued. Though the horizontal jettisoning system functioned normally, there was malfunctioning of the vertical jettisoning system, due to which the Payload Fairing did not separate. The cause for the malfunctioning was the non-initiation of detonation in the vertical jettisoning system.
  14. ↑ "Pyro devices to blame for PSLV failure: ISRO". The Hindu. 2017-09-23. ISSN   0971-751X . Retrieved 2019-12-19.
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