List of Romanesque buildings

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Listed below are examples of surviving buildings in Romanesque style in Europe, sorted by modern day countries.

Contents

List

Austria

Gurk Cathedral, Carinthia Gurk Domplatz 1 Dom mit Befestigungsanlagen Ost-Ansicht 04082019 6946.jpg
Gurk Cathedral, Carinthia

Belgium

Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude, Nivelles Nivelles - collegiale Sainte-Gertrude - aout 2015.jpg
Collegiate Church of Saint Gertrude, Nivelles
Collegiate Church of Saint Hadelin [fr], Celles Celles JPG00.jpg
Collegiate Church of Saint Hadelin  [ fr ], Celles

Croatia

Czech Republic

St. George's Basilica, Prague Apse, St. George's Basilica, Prague 20160809 1.jpg
St. George's Basilica, Prague
St. Bartholomew's Church in Prague-Kyje Praha-Kyje kostel sv. Bartolomeje 2.jpg
St. Bartholomew's Church in Prague-Kyje

France

St-Sernin basilica, Toulouse, 1080 - 1120: elevation of the east end StSerninToulousDB22.jpg
St-Sernin basilica, Toulouse, 1080 – 1120: elevation of the east end
Romanesque sculpture, cloister of St. Trophime, Arles Arles cloister figures.jpg
Romanesque sculpture, cloister of St. Trophime, Arles
Romanesque abbey church of Jumieges, Normandy Jumieges.jpg
Romanesque abbey church of Jumièges, Normandy

Romanesque architecture expands in France through monasteries. Burgundy was the center of monastic life in France - one of the most important Benedictine monasteries of medieval Europe was located in Cluny. Pilgrimages also contributed to expansion of this style. Many pilgrims passed through France on their way to Santiago de Compostela.

Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe Abbaye de Saint-Savin.jpg
Abbey Church of Saint-Savin-sur-Gartempe

French Romanesque schools of architecture, which are specific for every region, are characterised by the variety of stone vaulting.

Germany

Romanesque St. Michael's Church (1010-33) in Hildesheim - a World Heritage Site St Michaels Church Hildesheim.jpg
Romanesque St. Michael's Church (1010-33) in Hildesheim – a World Heritage Site
Romanesque portal of Schottenkirche, Regensburg Schottenportal.jpg
Romanesque portal of Schottenkirche, Regensburg

Hungary

The Romanesque church of Lebeny Lebeny-churche1.jpg
The Romanesque church of Lébény

Ireland

Carving above doorway, Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland Clofert door top 2006-06-21.JPG
Carving above doorway, Clonfert Cathedral, Co. Galway, Ireland

Italy

In Italy, the prevalent diffusion is in Lombardy, in Emilia - Romagna, in Tuscany, in the continental part of Veneto and in Apulia; everyone of these "Romanesque styles" has proper characteristics, for constructing methods and for materials. For example, a characteristic of Romanesque is that to change the classic elements with Christian elements, but in Tuscany and Apulia the classic decoratings remain.

Materials depended from the local disponibility, because the importation was too expensive. In fact, in Lombardy the most used material is ceramic, because of the argillous nature of the terrain; but that is not true for Como, where there were large diponibility of stone; in Tuscany buildings in white marble (from Carrara) are frequent, with inserts of green serpentin marble.

In Lombardy and Emilia, in that age united, in Romanesque epoque there was a great artistic flowering. The most monumental churches and cathedrals are often built with the campata system, with varying columns which weigh a tutto sesto arcos. In plain the material of construction is prevalently the mattone, but buildings in stone do not lack. The greater part of the Roman cities along the via Emilia is equipped in this age of monumental cathedral, between which they already maintain to the medieval system.

Abruzzo

Abbey of Sant'Antimo Montalcino - Sant'Antimo2.jpg
Abbey of Sant'Antimo

Aosta Valley

Emilia-Romagna

Piacenza Cathedral Duomo (Piacenza), facciata 01.jpg
Piacenza Cathedral

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia Basilica di aquileia, interno, navata centrale 01.jpg
Basilica di Santa Maria Assunta, Aquileia

Latium

Lombardy

Basilica of San Lorenzo, Milan Basilica di San Lorenzo Maggiore.jpg
Basilica of San Lorenzo, Milan

Marche

Ancona Cathedral Cattedrale di San Ciriaco - Ancona 2.jpg
Ancona Cathedral

Piedmont

San Secondo (Magnano) Magnano San Secondo 03.JPG
San Secondo (Magnano)

Puglia

Basilica of St. Nicholas Bari BW 2016-10-19 13-35-11 stitch.jpg
Basilica of St. Nicholas
Trani Cathedral Trani BW 2016-10-14 15-44-23.jpg
Trani Cathedral

Sardinia

Sicily

Abbey of the Santo Spirito, Caltanissetta Santo-Spirito-1.jpg
Abbey of the Santo Spirito, Caltanissetta

Tuscany

San Miniato al Monte San Miniato al Monte Fassade Florenz-07.jpg
San Miniato al Monte
Abbey of San Galgano Abbazia San Galgano.jpg
Abbey of San Galgano

Umbria

Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi Veduta della Basilica di San Francesco ad Assisi (1).JPG
Basilica of Saint Francis of Assisi
San Francesco, Terni Terni, san francesco, esterno 03.jpg
San Francesco, Terni
Church of San Silvestro (Bevagna) Bevagna - Chiesa di San Silvestro.jpg
Church of San Silvestro (Bevagna)

Veneto

Basilica di San Zeno, (Verona) Basilica di San Zeno 01.jpg
Basilica di San Zeno, (Verona)

Netherlands

Munsterkerk in Roermond, The Netherlands Roermond, de Munsterkerk RM32582 IMG 3036 2019-12-29 09.24.jpg
Munsterkerk in Roermond, The Netherlands

Poland

St Peter and Paul-Collegiate, Kruszwica Kolegiata sw. Piotra i Pawla w Kruszwicy.JPG
St Peter and Paul-Collegiate, Kruszwica
St. Andrew's Church, Krakow Krakow, St. Andrew.JPG
St. Andrew's Church, Kraków
Collegiate church, Tum Tum kolegiata 2-2.JPG
Collegiate church, Tum
St. Mary Magdalene Church, Wroclaw Kosciol Marii Magdaleny-portal fragment2.jpg
St. Mary Magdalene Church, Wrocław

Portugal

Facade of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portugal, second half of the 12th century). Coimbra BW 2018-10-06 14-33-51 stitch.jpg
Façade of the Old Cathedral of Coimbra (Portugal, second half of the 12th century).

Romania

Serbia

Slovakia

Spisska Kapitula. Stmartinscathedral.jpg
Spišská Kapitula.

During the time of early Christianity every 10 villages were ordered to build a church. Several rotunda have been built in this time.

Spain

Castle of Loarre, Huesca Castillo de Loarre.jpg
Castle of Loarre, Huesca
San Juan de la Pena, Huesca Claustro del Monasterio de San Juan de la Penna.jpg
San Juan de la Peña, Huesca
Collegiate church of Santillana del Mar, Spain. Cloister ColegiataSantillana-4.jpg
Collegiate church of Santillana del Mar, Spain. Cloister
Saint Clement of Taull in Catalonia, Spain. Lombard Romanesque Esglesia de Sant Climent de Taull (la Vall de Boi) - 4.jpg
Saint Clement of Taüll in Catalonia, Spain. Lombard Romanesque
Sant Pere de Rodes, Girona Sant Pere de Rodes 1108130016 05.JPG
Sant Pere de Rodes, Girona
Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain. Capitel detail Silos-Duda.jpg
Monastery of Santo Domingo de Silos, Spain. Capitel detail
San Isidoro, Leon PanteonSanIsidoroLeon.jpg
San Isidoro, León
San Martin de Tours de Fromista Fromista - 003 (27235899098).jpg
San Martín de Tours de Frómista
Cathedral of Zamora Zamora catedral 01 cupula romanica lou.JPG
Cathedral of Zamora
Inner view of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain. Santiago GDFL catedral 27.jpg
Inner view of the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Crypt of the Monastery of Leyre, Navarra Cripta del Monasterio de Leyre.jpg
Crypt of the Monastery of Leyre, Navarra

Before Cluny`s influence, Romanesque first developed in Spain in the 10th and 11th centuries in Catalonia, Huesca and the Aragonese Pyrenees, simultaneously with the north of Italy, into what has been called "First Romanesque" or "Lombard Romanesque". It is a primitive style whose characteristics are thick walls, lack of sculpture and the presence of rhythmic ornamental arches.

Romanesque architecture truly arrives with the influence of Cluny through the Way of Saint James pilgrimage route that ends in the Cathedral of Santiago de Compostela. The model of the Spanish Romanesque in the 12th century was the Cathedral of Jaca, with its characteristic apse structure and plan, and its "chess" decoration in strips called taqueado jaqués. As the Christian kingdoms advanced towards the South, this model spread throughout the reconquered areas with some variations. Spanish Romanesque was also influenced by the Spanish pre-Romanesque styles, mainly the Asturian and the Mozarab. But there is also a strong influence from the moorish architecture, so close in space, specially the vaults of Córdoba`s Mosque, and the polylobulated arches. In the 13th century, some Romanesque churches were built with early Gothic architectural elements. Aragón, Catalonia, Castile and Navarra are the areas where numerous examples of Spanish Romanesque can be found.

Aragon

Province of Zaragoza

Province of Zaragoza

Cantabria

Catalonia

Province of Barcelona

Province of Lleida

Province of Girona

Province of Tarragona

Castile and León

Province of Avila

Province of Burgos

Province of León

Province of Palencia

Province of Salamanca

Province of Segovia

  • Duratón La Asunción de María, church
  • Fuentidueña Church of San Miguel
  • Grado del Pico Church of San Pedro
  • Perorrubio Church of San Pedro
  • Requijada Church of Virgen de Las Vegas
  • San Pedro de Gaillos Church
  • Sepúlveda Church of San Salvador

Province of Soria

Province of Zamora

Galicia

Province of A Coruña

Province of Lugo

Province of Ourense

  • Cathedral, Ourense, Romanesque and Gothic

Madrid

  • San Pedro de la Rúa. Church and cloister. Estella
  • Church of San Miguel, Estella
  • Palace of the Kings of Navarra, Estella
  • Church of Santo Sepulcro, Torres del Río
  • Monastery of Leyre (San Salvador de Leyre) Abbey
  • Church of Santa María la Real, Sangüesa

Norway

Sweden

Lund Cathedral Lund Cathedral 2017-08-17.jpg
Lund Cathedral
Va Church, Sweden Va kyrka mars 2014.jpg
Vä Church, Sweden
Galata Tower, Galata, Istanbul Galata Tower - Port of Karakoy, 2006.jpg
Galata Tower, Galata, Istanbul

Switzerland

Turkey

Ukraine

United Kingdom

England

In England, Romanesque architecture is often termed 'Norman architecture'. Castles, cathedrals and churches of the Norman period have frequently been extended during later periods. It is normal to find Norman in combination with Gothic architecture.

Scotland

See also

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">San Pietro, Perugia</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Carolingian architecture</span> Architectural period of the Carolingian Empire

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Basilica of San Zeno, Verona</span> Church in Verona, Italy

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Italian Gothic architecture</span> Architectural style of Medieval Italy

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Spanish Romanesque</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Abbey of Saint Peter (Assisi)</span> Church building in Assisi, Italy

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Romanesque architecture in Sardinia</span> Architectural style

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