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Occupation | |
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Activity sectors | Government, road traffic control, vehicle recovery, roadside assistance |
Description | |
Fields of employment | Motorways in England operated by National Highways and select trunk roads. |
Related jobs | Road policing unit, Traffic guard |
National Highways traffic officers, previously Highways Agency traffic officer (HATO), are employed by the National Highways. [1]
In April 2004, Highways Agency traffic officers began working alongside the police on motorways in the West Midlands.
The first national roll-out of traffic officers was completed on 18 July 2006, starting to cover all of the motorway network within England, i.e. which functions a subsidiary of the National Highways, and the All-Purpose Trunk Road (APTR) network.
On April 1st, 2015 the Highways Agency was incorporated into Highways England, a government-owned company.
On 19 August 2021, Highways England was renamed to National Highways, however the company only manages roads within England.
Traffic operations play a significant role in achieving National Highways's three imperatives of safety, customer service and delivery. Its goal is to assist to keep the roads clear and to insure the road users' safety. HATO provides customer service and the delivery of schemes and projects, providing key services such as rolling road block. This is achieved through the planning and delivery of operational services, the function undertaken by on-road traffic officers, the management of the network from National Highways's control centres, the services National Highways supplies to the public, and its national incident liaison role. This aim is underpinned by legislative and regulatory requirements, the Network Operations Partnership Agreement and the National Guidance Framework agreed with the National Police Chiefs' Council. [2]
Traffic officers wear high-visibility jackets, distinctive by the orange and yellow markings. All staff who work on the network are required to wear protective equipment such as safety boots, gloves and safety goggles. Staff have the option to wear a white collared shirt and tie, an open necked white shirt or a navy collared polo shirt. All officers must carry portable Airwave radios.
Traffic officers patrol the motorway network [3] and all-purpose trunk roads in high-visibility patrol vehicles, that feature black and yellow Battenburg liveries, and amber and red rear-facing lighting.
The vehicles have all-wheel drive capabilities and are used to assist in the management of incidents and, where appropriate, clear broken-down or disabled vehicles to places of safety off the carriageways. The vehicles can operate in severe weather and carry equipment including emergency traffic management kits, automated external defibrillators (AED), and other specialised equipment required to safely remove vehicles and deal with a range of different incidents. The combination of the vehicles' size, liveries and ancillary lighting enhances their visibility when positioned at incidents. They are also fitted with Airwave radios, hands-free mobile telephones, alternating flashing headlights and bull horns to assist with progressing through stationary traffic on approach to incidents. They also have variable message panels (VMP) in the rear windows which display messages such as "do not pass" for rolling roadblocks or scrolling "keep left and right" chevrons for use at incidents.
When travelling on the hard shoulders, vehicles use front- and rear-facing amber lighting, and are restricted to 20 mph. When stationary on the hard shoulder, vehicles illuminate rear-facing amber LEDs. However, when the vehicle is working in the carriageway all the rear-facing lights (amber and red) are displayed to warn approaching traffic. Traffic officers, unlike police, must comply with all speed limits, including temporary mandatory limits in roadworks.
While stationary on the hard shoulder and if a traffic officer feels it is necessary – because of the weather, location or road layout – they may use the rear red lights, in addition to the amber lights. This will be noted in the traffic officer's pocket notebook as a dynamic risk assessment and also relayed to a regional operations centre (ROC) for entry onto the log.[ citation needed ]
The traffic officers use different models of 4×4 vehicles, with a mixed fleet of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) and diesel-powered with automatic transmissions. Vehicles used for patrolling as of 2021 include Land Rover Discovery, Mitsubishi Shogun, Mitsubishi Shogun Sport, Volvo XC90 (PHEV) and BMW X5 (PHEV). [4]
Traffic officers maintain contact with each other and the regional operational control centres by use of Sepura hand-held and vehicle TETRA radios using the Airwave network, and enabling officers to co-ordinate with other Airwave users. Each patrol vehicle is also fitted with a hands-free mobile phone.
Traffic officers attend incidents ranging from breakdowns and road debris to road traffic collisions (RTCs) taking the lead command role, except where there is an incident involving loss of life, life-changing injuries or potential criminal activity.
Traffic officers patrol 3,565 miles (5,737 km) of the road network, and in 2017 the total number of incidents attended was 230,122.[ citation needed ]
Traffic officers principally derive powers from the Traffic Management Act 2004 [5] and have jurisdiction over the strategic road network of England, under authorisation given by the secretary of state.
Traffic officers must comply with the directions of a police constable, [6] and to exercise their powers must be on duty and in uniform.
For the purposes of:
A traffic officer may:
It is an offence to assault, resist or wilfully obstruct a traffic officer in the execution of their duty. It is also an offence to impersonate a traffic officer, or for a traffic officer to claim to have more powers than they do. National Highways traffic officers do not have any powers of arrest, or to search, issue fixed penalties or report for summons for any motoring offence. Breaching a rolling road block is an offence which is likely to be prosecuted. The number of prosecutions has increased as traffic officer vehicles are now fitted with CCTV, allowing enhanced records to be made of incident management and for evidential purposes when required.
Drivers are obliged by the Traffic Management Act 2004 to comply with directions given by officers; [5] this is briefly explained in the Highway Code:
National Highways Traffic Officers have powers to stop vehicles on most motorways and some 'A' class roads, in England only. If traffic officers in uniform require you to stop your vehicle on safety grounds (e.g. an insecure load) they will:
- attract your attention through the use of flashing amber lights and headlights, usually from behind
- direct you to pull over to the side by hand signals and/or using the left indicator
You must then pull over and stop as soon as it's safe to do so. Then switch off your engine. It's an offence not to comply with their directions.
Traffic Officers regularly respond to routine and serious incidents on the Strategic Road Network, often needing to reach the scene urgently. Drivers are obligated to allow a Traffic Officer vehicle to progress through traffic when responding to an incident, as per the Highway Code:
You should look and listen for ambulances, fire engines, police, doctors or other emergency vehicles using flashing blue, red or green lights and sirens or flashing headlights, or traffic officer vehicles using flashing amber lights. When one approaches do not panic. Consider the route of such a vehicle and take appropriate action to let it pass, while complying with all traffic signs. If necessary, pull to the side of the road and stop, but try to avoid stopping before the brow of a hill, a bend or narrow section of road
Since 2008, traffic officers have had the powers to directly arrange recovery of abandoned, broken-down or damaged vehicles. Previously this had been arranged through local police forces. The use of recovery powers is in accordance with strict guidance and instructions.
National Highways has its own national recovery contract used by traffic officers when removing vehicles on a statutory basis. Since October 2013, this service has been delivered by FMG Support,[ citation needed ] who are appointed as the National Vehicle Recovery Manager. FMG Support work via a national network of recovery operators, who are instructed to recover individual vehicles.
The powers to allow traffic officers to remove vehicles are detailed in The Removal and Disposal of Vehicles (Traffic Officers) (England) Regulations 2008. [7]
Vehicles that are in a dangerous location or causing an obstruction can be removed at any time under Section 99 of the Road Traffic Regulation Act 1984; in other cases motorists have two hours to make arrangements for recovery. Where they cannot make suitable arrangements in this time, under Section 99 a "statutory removal", subject to strict controls, can be invoked.
Seven regional operational control centres, formerly known as regional control centres, are dispersed around England and serve as the control rooms for everyday operations.
Control centres answer the orange emergency roadside telephones on the motorway and trunk road network, liaise with breakdown organisations, allocate traffic officers to incidents, monitor the CCTV system, control the electronic variable-message signs [8] on the roads and supply information to the NTCC. Some RCCs are co-located with the police.
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A variable-message sign or message board, often abbreviated VMS, VMB, CMS, or DMS, and in the UK known as a matrix sign, is an electronic traffic sign often used on roadways to give travelers information about special events. Such signs warn of traffic congestion, accidents, incidents such as terrorist attacks, AMBER/Silver/Blue Alerts, roadwork zones, or speed limits on a specific highway segment. In urban areas, VMS are used within parking guidance and information systems to guide drivers to available car parking spaces. They may also ask vehicles to take alternative routes, limit travel speed, warn of duration and location of the incidents, inform of the traffic conditions, or display general public safety messages.
National Highways (NH), formerly the Highways Agency and later Highways England, is a government-owned company charged with operating, maintaining and improving motorways and major A roads in England. It also sets highways standards used by all four UK administrations, through the Design Manual for Roads and Bridges. Within England, it operates information services through the provision of on-road signage and its Traffic England website, provides traffic officers to deal with incidents on its network, and manages the delivery of improvement schemes to the network.
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