Three masted, Spritsail& spritsail topsail, fore course, fore topsail & fore topgallant, main course, main topsail and main topgallant, Lateen mizzen with square topsail.
Complement
Approximately 40 seamen
Armament
Unknown, but probably capable of mounting 20-25 cannon.
A modern reconstruction and replica of a small 17th Century English trading ship, the Maryland Dove at St. Mary's City, Maryland is approximately the same size as her namesake, the c. 1630 Dove which accompanied The Ark on the historic trans-oceanic voyage in late 1633 and early 1634.
On 22November 1633(390 years ago)(1633-11-22), after several delays, two ships, the Ark and Dove, sailed from the Isle of Wight off the south coast of England. Three days later a storm in the English Channel separated the Ark from Dove. When Dove disappeared from view, she was flying distress lanterns, and those aboard the Ark assumed she had sunk in the storm. A second more violent storm hit the Ark on 29 November 1633 and lasted three days, finally subsiding on 1 December. In the midst of the storm, the mainsail was split in half and the crew was forced to tie down the tiller and whipstaff so the ship lay ahull, keeping her bow to the wind and waves as she drifted. This was the last bad weather the Ark encountered on the trans-Atlantic voyage.[citation needed]
On 25 December 1633, wine was passed out to celebrate Christmas. The following day, 30 colonists fell ill with a fever brought on by excessive drinking and 12 died, including two of the Roman Catholic colonists. These were the only losses suffered on the voyage. On 3 January 1633/34 (see below on the start of the new year), the Ark arrived at the island of Barbados in the West Indies after a voyage of 42 days from England. About two weeks later, Dove arrived. As it later developed, Dove had been able to reach the shelter of Plymouth harbor where she rode out the storm.[citation needed]
On 24 January 1633/34, the ships departed Barbados. An earlier departure was intended but was delayed because Richard Orchard, master (captain) of the Dove had departed inland to collect some debts and could not be found on the intended sailing date. After making a few other stops in the Caribbean Sea, on 24 February 1633/34 the ships arrived at Point Comfort (now called Old Point Comfort) at the mouths of the James, Nansemond, and Elizabeth rivers, which formed the great harbor of Hampton Roads in Virginia. This ended their ocean voyage which had lasted slightly over three months, of which 66 days were actually spent at sea. The two ships briefly stopped in Jamestown, Virginia up the James River.[citation needed]
After a week's stay, the Calvert colonists then sailed northward up the large expanse of the Bay, landing on St. Clement's Island, also known as Blakistone Island, on the north shore of the Potomac River, across from Virginia's northern border, on 25 March 1634. This day was thereafter celebrated annually in the colony and free State as Maryland Day. The colonists planted a large cross, claiming the land in the name of Charles I, King of England, and holding their first communal Mass led by the accompanying Jesuit chaplain, Father Andrew White. The date 25 March has been traditionally taken to mark the end of the voyage, although, in fact, the voyage had actually ended earlier on 24 February, when the Ark and the Dove arrived at Point Comfort entering the North American continental waters. 25 March is the Feast of the Annunciation of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a major festival day in the liturgical calendar. Until 1752, when England finally adopted the Gregorian Calendar, superseding the older and inaccurate Julian Calendar, 25 March was the start of the civil new year,[2]
Although too small for the intended settlement, St. Clement's provided a relatively secure base from which Leonard Calvert, the first Governor of Maryland and younger brother of Cecilius, could explore the area and negotiate the purchase of land for the new colony.[3] After a brief three-week stay on the island, the new Marylanders occupied a nearby Piscataway Indian village they had purchased on the St. George's (later the St. Mary's) River, several miles (kilometers) southeast from St. Clement's and about 12 miles (19km) northwest from Point Lookout, where the Potomac River enters the Chesapeake Bay. The new English settlement was named St. Mary's City in honor of The Virgin, and later became the provincial capital, and then the county seat/courthouse in the first county to be "erected" (established), St. Mary's County.[citation needed]
In the early summer of 1634, the Ark returned to England. The Dove, which had been also purchased by Calvert and the gentry investors in the new colony, remained for the settlers' use in and around the Bay and coasts of Maryland.[citation needed]
In August 1635, the Dove sailed for England carrying timber and beaver pelts, but she never arrived home and was presumed lost in a storm. Maryland Dove is a modern replica of the vessel.[citation needed]
Passengers and Crew for the Founding of Maryland
Passengers aboard the Ark:[4] Anne, servant of Jerome Hawley Thomas Allen (d. 1648) John Altham, J.S. William Andrews, gentleman John Ashmore William Ashmore James Barefoote, gentleman (d. 1633 en route) John Baxter, Esq. Ralph Bean Thomas Beckwith, servant of Thomas Cornwaleys Anon Benham, servant of Thomas Greene Henry Bishop John Boles, secretary of Cecil Calvert, 2nd Lord Baltimore Richard Bradley John Briant William Browne Matthew Burrows George Calvert, Esq. (1613-1634), third son of Lord Baltimore Leonard Calvert, Esq. (1606-1647), second son of Lord Baltimore, 1st governor of Maryland, and investor. Christopher Carnell Thomas Carrington Richard Cole John Cook Thomas Cooper Capt. Thomas Cornwaleys, Esq., of Turnham Thorpe, Norfolk (c.1605-1676), Commissioner and investor Ann Cox (d.1638) Edward Cranfield Thomas Dorrell, Esq. Peter Draper, secretary of Leonard Calvert Richard Duke Robert Edwards William Edwin John Elbin Nicholas Fairfax, Esq., of Sand Hutton Grange, Yorkshire (c.1606-1633 died en route), investor Cuthbert Fenwick, Esq. William Fitter, gentleman Francisco, servant of Fr. Andrew White Lewis Fremond Richard Gerard, Esq., of Ince, Lancashire (c.1613-1686), investor Thomas Gervase (d. 1637) Richard Gilbert Stephen Gore Thomas Greene, Esq., of Bobbing, Kent (1609–1651), investor and 2nd governor of Maryland[5] Thomas Griston John Halfhead (c.1605-1676) John Hallows, gentleman (d. 1657) Nicholas Harvey, gentleman (d. 1647) Jerome Hawley, Esq., of St. Martin-in-the-Fields, Middlesex (1590-1638), investor and co-author of A Relation of Maryland (1635) Thomas Heath John Hill, gentleman John Hilles John Hillard Richard Hills James Hockley Benjamin Hodges, servant of John Saunders John Holderen, servant of Thomas Cornwaleys Henry James Mary Jennings, servant of Fr. Andrew White Josiah, servant of Thomas Cornwaleys John Knowles William Lewis (d. 1655) Richard Loe, servant of Thomas Cornwaleys Richard Lusthead John Marlburgh Christopher Martin Charles Middleton Roger Morgan Thomas Munns John Neville Richard Nevitt, ward of John Saunders John Norton, the elder John Norton, the younger Robert Pike Black John Price White John Price Lodwick Price Francis Rabnett, gentleman John Robinson Francis Rogers William Sayre, Esq. Stephen Salmon, servant of Thomas Cornwaleys John Saunders, Esq. (d. 1634), co-owner of the Dove and investor Robert Sherley, servant of Fr. Andrew White Robert Simpson Robert Smith Thomas Smith William Smith Matthias Sousa Thomas Stratham James Thornton Cyprian Thorowgood, gentleman Robert Vaughan, gentleman Roger Walter John Ward Evans Watkins, servant of Leonard Calvert John Wells Father Andrew White, J.S. (c.1579-1656) Edward Wintour, gentleman, of Lydney, Gloucestershire, investor Frederick Wintour, Esq., of Lydney, Gloucestershire, investor Henry Wiseman, Esq. (d.c. 1634), investor
Crew aboard the Ark Capt. Robert Wintour, Esq., of Lydney, Gloucestershire, Commander of the Ark Capt. Richard Lowe, Master of the Ark, of Ratcliffe, Middlesex (d. 1638) Capt. William Humber John Bowlter, purser Richard Edwards, chirurgeon
Crew aboard the Dove Capt. John Curie, Master of the Dove (d. en route) Capt. Richard Orchard, Master of the Dove, of Wapping, Middlesex (b.c. 1601) Nicholas Perry, quartermaster, of Isle of Wight (b.c. 1610) John Games, gunner, of Ratcliffe, Middlesex (b.c. 1602) Richard Kempton, boatswain, of Tower Wharf, London (b.c. 1612) Samuel Lawson, mate Mr. Warrelow, mate Michael Perril, servant to the Master
Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore was an English politician, peer and lawyer who was the first proprietor of Maryland. Born in Kent in 1605, he inherited the proprietorship after the death of his father, George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, for whom it had been intended. Calvert proceeded to establish and manage the Province of Maryland as a proprietary colony for English Catholics from his English country house of Kiplin Hall in North Yorkshire.
Baron Baltimore, of Baltimore, County Longford, was a title in the Peerage of Ireland. It was created in 1625 and ended in 1771, upon the death of its sixth-generation male heir, aged 40. Holders of the title were usually known as Lord Baltimore for short.
St. Mary's City is a former colonial town that was founded in March 1634, as Maryland's first European settlement and capital. It is now a state-run historic area, which includes a reconstruction of the original colonial settlement and a designated living history venue and museum complex. Half the area is occupied by the campus of St. Mary's College of Maryland. The entire area contains a community of about 933 permanent residents and some 1,400 students living in campus dorms and apartments.
The Province of Maryland was an English and later British colony in North America from 1634 until 1776, when it made common cause with the group of Thirteen Colonies in rebellion against Great Britain and, finally in 1781—as the 13th signatory to the Articles of Confederation—it ratified its perpetual union with that group as the state of Maryland. The province's first settlement and capital was St. Mary's City, located at the southern end of St. Mary's County, a peninsula in the Chesapeake Bay that is bordered by four tidal rivers.
George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore was an English peer and politician. He achieved domestic political success as a member of parliament and later Secretary of State under King James I. He lost much of his political power after his support for a failed marriage alliance between Prince Charles and the Spanish House of Habsburg royal family. Rather than continue in politics, he resigned all of his political offices in 1625 except for his position on the Privy Council and declared his Catholicism publicly. He was created Baron Baltimore in the Peerage of Ireland upon his resignation. Baltimore Manor was located in County Longford, Ireland.
Leonard Calvert was the first proprietary governor of the Province of Maryland. He was the second son of The 1st Baron Baltimore (1579–1632), the first proprietor of Maryland. His elder brother Cecil (1605–1675), who inherited the colony and the title upon the death of their father George, April 15, 1632, appointed Leonard as governor of the Colony in his absence.
Elihu Emory Jackson, a member of the United States Democratic Party, was the 41st Governor of Maryland in the United States from 1888 to 1892. He was born in 1837 in Delmar, Maryland and died in 1907 in the City of Baltimore, Maryland. He is buried at the Parsons Cemetery in Salisbury, Maryland, the county seat of Wicomico County. He was part owner of Pemberton Hall, listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1971.
Maryland Day is a legal holiday in the U.S. state of Maryland. It is observed on the anniversary of the March 25, 1634, landing of the first European settlers in the Province of Maryland, the third English colony to be settled in British North America. On this day settlers from The Ark and The Dove first set foot onto Maryland soil, at St. Clement's Island in the Potomac River. The settlers were about 150 in number, departed from Gravesend on the Thames River downstream from London. Three Jesuit priests were collected from Cowes on the Isle of Wight in England where they avoided having to give the oath of allegiance and supremacy to the King. The colony's grant was renewed to Cecil Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore, (1605-1675), two years prior by Charles I of England, after first being given to his father Sir George Calvert, 1st Baron Baltimore, (1574-1632), along with the title of "Lord Baltimore", and a first grant of the Province of Avalon, in the Newfoundland Colony,, who had served the King in many official and personal capacities as Secretary of State, 1619-1625. In thanksgiving for the safe landing, Jesuit Father Andrew White celebrated the Mass for the colonists led by the younger brother of Lord Baltimore, Leonard Calvert, (1606-1647), who served as the first governor, and perhaps for the first time ever in this part of the world on the first landing at Blackistone Island, later known as St. Clement's Island off the northern shore of the Potomac River, which was the new border between the new colony and the earlier English settlements in Virginia) and erected a large cross. The landing coincided with the Feast of the Annunciation, a holy day honoring Mary, and the start of the new year in England's legal calendar. Maryland Day on 25 March celebrates the 1634 landing at St Clements. Later the colonists and their two ships sailed further back down river to the southeast to settle a capital at St. Mary's City near the point where the Potomac flows into the Chesapeake Bay.
William Stone was an English-born merchant, planter and colonial administrator who served as the proprietary governor of Maryland from 1649 to 1655.
Richard Ingle (1609–1653) was an English colonial seaman, ship captain, tobacco trader, privateer, and pirate in the American colony of Maryland. Ingle took over the colonial capital of the proprietary government in St. Mary's City removing Catholic Governor Lord Baltimore from power in 1645. Along with another Protestant rebel, Captain William Claiborne, he waged war with the Catholic colonial Governor Lord Baltimore and Maryland Catholics in the name of English Parliament after his ship was seized and confiscated and siding with the Maryland Puritans, in a period known as the "Plundering Time" in which unrest and lawlessness existed. Ingle and his men attacked ships and conquered the colonial capital, St. Mary's City, Province of Maryland. Most of the Richard Ingle's life and background are unknown.
Thomas Cornwallis was an English politician and colonial administrator. Cornwallis served as one of the first Commissioners of the Province of Maryland, and Captain of the colony's military during the early years of settlement. In a 1638 naval engagement with Virginian colonists, he captured Kent Island in Maryland.
Lieutenant-General Josias Fendall, Esq., was the 4th Proprietary Governor of Maryland. He was born in England, and came to the Province of Maryland. He was the progenitor of the Fendall family in America.
Capt. Darby Lux I (1695–1750) was a mariner, merchant, and Justice of Baltimore County, Maryland. The son of an English clergyman, was born in Kenton Parish, Devonshire, England, on June 15, 1695. He was christened on June 30, 1696, in Kenton. Darby immigrated in the early 1720s and settled in Anne Arundel County. He was a mariner by occupation from 1720–1742.
Colonel Thomas Brooke Jr. of Brookefield was President of the Council in Maryland and acting 13th Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland. He was the son of Major Thomas Brooke Sr. and Esquire (1632–1676) and his second wife Eleanor Hatton (1642–1725) who later remarried Col. Henry Darnall (1645-1711).
Robert Brooke Sr. (1602–1655) was a Colonial Governor of Maryland for several months in 1652.
Andrew White, SJ was an English Jesuit missionary who was involved in the founding of the Maryland colony. He was a chronicler of the early colony, and his writings are a primary source on the land, the Native Americans of the area, and the Jesuit mission in North America. For his efforts in converting and educating the native population, he is frequently referred to as the "Apostle of Maryland." He is considered a forefather of Georgetown University, and is memorialized in the name of its White-Gravenor building, a central location of offices and classrooms on the university's campus.
Thomas Greene of Bobbing, Kent, 2nd Proprietary Governor of Maryland was an early settler of the Maryland colony and second Provincial Governor of the colony from 1647 to 1648.
Maryland Dove is a re-creation of the Dove, an early 17th-century English trading ship, one of two ships which made up the first expedition from England to the Province of Maryland. The 1978 Dove was designed by the naval architect and naval historian William A. Baker. The Dove was a trading vessel that could be sailed by a crew of seven. The much larger Ark, was a passenger ship, and was sailed by a crew of 40 or more. The Dove was left behind as a local trading vessel to facilitate commerce between Maryland and the other colonies.
The Battle of the Severn was a skirmish fought on March 25, 1655, on the Severn River at Horn Point, across Spa Creek from Annapolis, Maryland, in what at that time was referred to as the Puritan settlement of "Providence", and what is now the neighborhood of Eastport. It was an extension of the conflicts that formed the English Civil War, pitting the forces of Puritan settlers against forces aligned with Lord Baltimore, then Lord Proprietor of the colony of Maryland. It has been suggested by Radmila May that this was the "last battle of the English Civil War."
Mary and John was a 400-ton ship that is known to have sailed between England and the American colonies four times from 1607 to 1633. She was during the later voyages captained by Robert Davies and owned by Roger Ludlow (1590–1664), one of the assistants of the Massachusetts Bay Colony. The ship's first two voyages to North America were to what is now Maine in June 1607 and September 1608, transporting emigrants to the colonies and back to England. The third voyage was on March 20, 1630, bearing 130 colonists, and the fourth on March 26, 1634, to Nantaskut in the Massachusetts Bay Colony.
References
↑ Ship characteristics derived from plans drawn using 17th Century techniques.
↑ "old Style" and "New Style" dates, hence the practice of writing dates from 1 January to 25 March as 1633/34. The chronology given here is derived from Father Andrew White's diary account of the voyage using the Barbara Lawatsch-Boomgaarden's translation: White, Father Andrew, Lawatsch-Boomgaarden Barbara, trans. "Voyage to Maryland", Wauconda, Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 1995.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply. Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.
Kingdom of England 
