Trolley park

Last updated
1910, Idora Park, Oakland, California, at the end of the trolley line. IdoraParkOakland1910.jpg
1910, Idora Park, Oakland, California, at the end of the trolley line.

In the United States, trolley parks, which started in the 19th century, were picnic and recreation areas along or at the ends of streetcar lines in most of the larger cities. These were precursors to amusement parks. Trolley parks were often created by the streetcar companies to give people a reason to use their services on weekends. [1]

Contents

The parks originally consisted of picnic groves and pavilions, and often held events such as dances, concerts and fireworks. Many eventually added features such as swimming pools, carousels, Ferris wheels, roller coasters, sports fields, boats rides, restaurants and other resort facilities to become amusement parks. Various sources report the existence of between 1,500 and 2,000 amusement parks in the United States by 1919. [2]

Coney Island

One such location was Coney Island in Brooklyn, New York, where a horse-drawn streetcar line brought pleasure seekers to the beach beginning in 1829. In 1875, a million passengers rode the railroad to Coney Island, and in 1876 two million reached Coney Island. Hotels and amusements were built to accommodate both the upper-classes and the working-class. The first carousel was installed in the 1870s, the first Switchback Railway in 1881. It wasn't until 1895 that the first permanent amusement park in North America opened: Sea Lion Park at Coney Island. This park was one of the first to charge admission for entrance to the park in addition to selling tickets for rides within the park. [2]

In 1897, it was joined by Steeplechase Park, the first of three major amusement parks that would open in the area. George Tilyou designed the park to provide thrills and sweep away the restraints of the Victorian crowds. The combination of the nearby population center of New York City and the ease of access to the area made Coney Island the embodiment of the American amusement park. [2] In addition there was Luna Park (opened in 1903) and Dreamland (opened in 1904). Coney Island was a huge success, and by 1910 attendance on a Sunday could reach a million people. [2]

Trolley parks decline

The Jack Rabbit Derby Racer at Ramona Park, a trolley park in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. The park closed in 1955. Jack Rabbit Derby Racer, Ramona Park, Grand Rapids, MI.jpeg
The Jack Rabbit Derby Racer at Ramona Park, a trolley park in East Grand Rapids, Michigan. The park closed in 1955.

By the early 20th century, there were hundreds of amusement parks, many of them starting as trolley parks, in operation around the U.S. Every major city boasted one or more parks, often based on (or named after) Coney Island, Luna Park, or Dreamland. This began the era of the “golden age” of amusement parks that reigned until the late 1920s. This was an era when the number of hours worked was reduced, while the amount of disposable income rose. The amusement parks reflected the mechanization and efficiency of industrialization, while serving as a source of fantasy and escape from real life. [2]

With the increasing number of automobiles in use, attendance at urban trolley parks gradually declined, due to lack of parking and changing demographics in the urban areas. Although the automobile provided people with more options for satisfying their entertainment needs, amusement parks that were accessible by car continued to be successful and new parks were developed. By the end of the 1920s, amusement parks were to suffer steep declines for various reasons, particularly the Great Depression. [2]

List of trolley parks still operating

ParkLocationOpenedTrolley companyNotes
Bushkill Park Easton, Pennsylvania 1902 [3]
Camden Park Huntington, West Virginia [4] 1903 [1] Camden Interstate Railway Company
Canobie Lake Park Salem, New Hampshire [5] [6] 1902 [1] Massachusetts Northeast Street Railway Company
Clementon Park Clementon, New Jersey 1907
Dorney Park & Wildwater Kingdom Allentown, Pennsylvania 1884 [1]
Kennywood Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 1898 [1] Monongahela Street Railways Company
Lake Compounce Bristol, Connecticut 1846Oldest continuously operating amusement park in the US, technically this is not a trolley park. While it had trolley service, the park had been in operation for forty years before the trolley was invented and was never owned or operated by a trolley company.
Lakemont Park Altoona, Pennsylvania 1894 [1] Altoona & Logan Valley Electric Railway
Lakeside Amusement Park Denver, Colorado 1907 Denver Tramway According to the book Denver's Lakeside Amusement Park by David Forsyth, Lakeside was developed by private interests as a separate company who then encouraged the Denver Tramway Company to extend a line to their new enterprise, so while it was closely linked to the trolley line, it was not a true "trolley park". "Denver never had trolley parks, which meant the owners of the city's amusement parks had to convince streetcar companies to build lines to their parks." (page 31)
Midway Park Maple Springs, New York [7] 1898 [1] Jamestown and Lake Erie Railway
Oaks Amusement Park Portland, Oregon [1] May 30, 1905 Oregon Water Power and Railway Company
Quassy Amusement Park Middlebury, Connecticut [8] 1908 [1]
Ravinia Festival Highland Park, Illinois 1904 [9] Chicago North Shore and Milwaukee Railroad
Seabreeze Amusement Park Rochester, New York 1879 [1] Rochester and Lake Ontario Railroad
Waldameer Park Erie, Pennsylvania 1896 [1] Erie Electric Motor Company
Glen Echo Park [10] Montgomery County, Maryland ca.1902 Washington Railway and Electric Company Of the original rides, only the Dentzel Carousel is in operation. Glen Echo, however, remains open as a National Park Service historic site, and an arts and cultural center managed by the Glen Echo Park Partnership for Arts and Culture. Renovated structures still in use include the historic Spanish Ballroom, the Bumper Car Pavillion, the Puppet Co. Playhouse, the Arcade building, the Yellow Barn, Adventure Theatre, the Candy Corner, the Chautauqua Tower, the Ballroom Annex, and the Hall of Mirrors Dance Studio. [11]

List of trolley parks now closed

Roller coasters of Palisades Amusement Park are visible atop the Palisades, as seen from the trolley terminal in Edgewater, New Jersey, in the early 20th century Edgewater old trolley terminal.jpg
Roller coasters of Palisades Amusement Park are visible atop the Palisades, as seen from the trolley terminal in Edgewater, New Jersey, in the early 20th century

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amusement park</span> Park with rides and attractions

An amusement park is a park that features various attractions, such as rides and games, as well as other events for entertainment purposes. A theme park is a type of amusement park that bases its structures and attractions around a central theme, often featuring multiple areas with different themes. Unlike temporary and mobile funfairs and carnivals, amusement parks are stationary and built for long-lasting operation. They are more elaborate than city parks and playgrounds, usually providing attractions that cater to a variety of age groups. While amusement parks often contain themed areas, theme parks place a heavier focus with more intricately-designed themes that revolve around a particular subject or group of subjects.

Roxbury may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumble Bug</span> Amusement ride with a circular track

A Tumble Bug is an amusement park ride with a circular track.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rotor (ride)</span> Amusement park ride

The Rotor is an amusement ride designed and patented by German engineer Ernst Hoffmeister in 1948. The ride was first demonstrated at Oktoberfest 1949 and still appears in numerous amusement parks. The Rotor is a large, upright barrel, rotated to create an inward acting centripetal force supplied by the wall's support's force. Once at full speed, the floor is retracted, leaving the riders stuck to the wall of the drum.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fascination (game)</span> American amusement park game

Fascination is a game commonly found in North American amusement parks, boardwalks and arcades. The game is a redemption game, in that prizes are often won for playing the game. The game dates to 1918, with the first location opening at Coney Island, NY. It became popular during the 1920s and spread quickly from coast to coast, as evidenced in pictures of Chutes at the Beach in San Francisco, a park that operated from 1903 - 1928. Over a century later, there are still a handful of locations that are in operation, mostly in the Northeastern US.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Culver Depot</span> Former streetcar and railroad terminal in Brooklyn

Great Old Amusement Parks is a 1999 PBS television documentary VHS DVD produced by Rick Sebak of WQED Pittsburgh which aired on PBS, on July 21, 1999.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luna Park, Alexandria</span> Trolley park in Virginia, US (1906–1915)

Luna Park was a trolley park in Alexandria County, Virginia that operated between 1906 and 1915. Built as a way to attract business along the trolley line in Alexandria following the closure of nearby racing and gambling establishments, the Washington, Alexandria, and Mount Vernon Electric Railway formed a company that constructed the amusement park for $500,000 in just three months. The park was designed by Frederick Ingersoll, who created similar parks throughout the country around the same time period.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">History of the roller coaster</span>

Roller coaster amusement rides have origins back to ice slides constructed in 18th-century Russia. Early technology featured sleds or wheeled carts that were sent down hills of snow reinforced by wooden supports. The technology evolved in the 19th century to feature railroad track using wheeled cars that were securely locked to the track. Newer innovations emerged in the early 20th century with side friction and underfriction technologies to allow for greater speeds and sharper turns. By the mid-to-late 20th century, these elements intensified with the introduction of steel roller coaster designs and the ability to invert riders.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Luna Park, Cleveland</span> Former amusement park in Cleveland, Ohio

Luna Park was a trolley park in Cleveland, Ohio, USA, from 1905 to 1929.

Frederick Ingersoll was an American inventor, designer, builder and entrepreneur who created the world's first chain of amusement parks and whose manufacturing company built 277 roller coasters, fueling the popularity of trolley parks in the first third of the twentieth century. Some of these parks and roller coasters still exist today.

Electric Park was a name shared by dozens of amusement parks in the United States that were constructed as trolley parks and owned by electric companies and streetcar companies. After 1903, the success of Coney Island inspired a proliferation of parks named Luna Park and Electric Park, while the World's Columbian Exposition of 1893 inspired the formation of White City amusement parks at roughly the same time. The existence of most of these parks was generally brief: the bulk of them closed by 1917, the year of the United States' entry into World War I. Many pavilions have outlasted the parks themselves, with a few of them still standing today.

White City is the common name of dozens of amusement parks in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Australia. Inspired by the White City and Midway Plaisance sections of the World's Columbian Exhibition of 1893, the parks started gaining in popularity in the last few years of the 19th century. After the 1901 Pan-American Exposition inspired the first Luna Park in Coney Island, a frenzy in building amusement parks ensued in the first two decades of the 20th century.

Mayors National Climate Action Agenda, or Climate Mayors, is an association of United States mayors with the stated goal of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Founded by Los Angeles mayor Eric Garcetti, former Houston mayor Annise Parker, and former Philadelphia mayor Michael Nutter, the group represents 435 cities and nearly 20% of the U.S. population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Fort George Amusement Park</span> Former amusement park in New York City

Fort George Amusement Park was a trolley park and amusement park that operated in the Washington Heights and Inwood neighborhoods of Upper Manhattan, New York City, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. It occupied an area between 190th and 192nd Streets east of Amsterdam Avenue, within present-day Highbridge Park.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederic Thompson</span> American architect

Frederic Williams Thompson was an American architect, engineer, inventor, and showman known for creating amusement rides and one of the first large amusement parks.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Harpaz, Beth J. (July 21, 2010). "Survivors of earlier era: 11 beloved trolley parks". The Palm Beach Post . Palm Beach County, Florida. Archived from the original on July 30, 2010. Retrieved September 17, 2010.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Adams, Judith A. (1991). The American Amusement Park Industry: A History of Technology and Thrills . Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. ISBN   0-8057-9821-8.
  3. "~ Welcome To Bushkill Park ~". www.bushkillpark.com.
  4. "Home". Camden Park.
  5. "Park History". Canobie Lake Park. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  6. Seed, Douglas; Khalife, Katherine (1996). Trolleys, Canobie Lake, and Rockingham Park. Vol. II. Salem, New Hampshire: Arcadia Publishing. ISBN   0-7524-0438-5.{{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  7. midway-park.com
  8. "Quassy Amusement and Waterpark | Fun & Attractions in CT". www.quassy.com.
  9. "Ravinia Festival | Official Site | History of Ravinia". www.ravinia.org. Retrieved 2023-12-18.
  10. "A General History of Glen Echo Park". glenecho-cabinjohn.com/GE-04.html.
  11. "Glen Echo Park: History of the Park,". glenechopark.org/History.
  12. "History". H&F Railway Historical Society. Retrieved 2023-04-02.
  13. "Concord, NH - Official Website | Official Website". www.concordnh.gov.
  14. Gottlock, Wesley; Gottlock, Barbara H. "1905 Electric Park - Kinderhook Lake" . Retrieved 2017-09-10.
  15. Reynolds, Rick. "An Amusement Park on Ballston Lake?" (PDF). Retrieved 2013-07-31.
  16. King, Don. "Narrative: Montoursville's history presented by chapter". Christopher Garneau. Archived from the original on 2006-12-09. Retrieved 2007-05-02.
  17. 1 2 Delaware and Hudson Company (1901). Seventy-second Annual report of the Delaware and Hudson Company. p. 56.
  18. Dippel, Beth (2016-04-22). "Before Six Flags, Sheboygan had Lake View". Sheboygan Press . Sheboygan, Wisconsin . Retrieved 2018-02-17.
  19. Doran, Levi S. "Lexington Park". Lexington's Colonial Times Magazine. Retrieved January 4, 2021.
  20. "Pine Island Park (Manchester, New Hampshire, United States)". rcdb.com.
  21. Toton, Sarah (January 15, 2008). "Vale of Amusements: Modernity, Technology, and Atlanta's Ponce de Leon Park, 1870–1920". Southern Spaces. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  22. "Puritas Springs Park. Cleveland, Ohio". westparkhistory.com.
  23. Russell, Jenna (2006-10-19). "Coasting to a stop at Whalom Park". The Boston Globe . Boston, Massachusetts.