Venues of the 2000 Summer Olympics

Last updated

Stadium Australia (pictured in 2009) hosted both the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics and the football final for the 2000 Summer Olympics Stadium Australia 2.jpg
Stadium Australia (pictured in 2009) hosted both the opening and closing ceremonies, athletics and the football final for the 2000 Summer Olympics

For the 2000 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty sports venues were used. After Melbourne hosted the 1956 Summer Olympics, Australia made several bids for the Summer Olympics before finally winning the 2000 Summer Olympics by two votes over Beijing, China. Venue construction was set at the Homebush Bay area of Sydney in an effort to rehabilitate the land. Environmental studies of the area in the early 1990s forced remediation to be used for about a fifth of the site selected. Fifteen new venues were constructed for the Games. Many of the venues used for the 2000 Games continue to be in use as of 2020, although some of the pre-existing facilities have been demolished and replaced.

Contents

Venues

Sydney Olympic Park

VenueSportsCapacityRef.
Sydney Olympic Park Tennis Centre Tennis 10,000 [1]
Stadium Australia Ceremonies (opening/closing)
Athletics
Football/Soccer (final)		110,000 [2]
Sydney Olympic Park Hockey Centre Field hockey 15,000 [3]
State Sports Centre Table tennis
Taekwondo 		5,006 [4]
Sydney Baseball Stadium Baseball (final)
Modern pentathlon (riding, running)		21,500 [5]
Sydney International Archery Park Archery 17,500 [6]
Sydney International Aquatic Centre Diving
Modern pentathlon (swimming)
Swimming
Synchronized swimming
Water polo (men's final)		10,000 [7]
Sydney SuperDome Basketball (final)
Gymnastics (artistic/ trampoline)		18,200 [8]
The Dome & Exhibition Complex Badminton
Basketball
Gymnastics (rhythmic)
Handball
Modern pentathlon (fencing, shooting)
Volleyball (indoor)		10,000 [9]

Sydney

VenueSportsCapacityRef.
Blacktown Olympic Park Baseball
Softball 		3,000 (baseball),
2,000 (softball)		 [10]
Bondi Beach Volleyball (beach)10,000 [11]
Centennial Parklands Cycling (road)Not listed. [12]
Dunc Gray Velodrome Cycling (track)3,150 [13]
Marathon courseAthletics (marathon)Not listed. [14]
North Sydney Athletics (marathon start)Not listed. [14]
Cruising Yacht Club of Australia Sailing 10,000 [15]
Penrith Whitewater Stadium Canoeing (slalom)12,500 [16]
Ryde Aquatic Leisure Centre Water polo3,900 [17]
Sydney Convention & Exhibition Centre Boxing
Fencing
Judo
Weightlifting
Wrestling 		7,500 (weightlifting),
9,000 (judo & wrestling),
10,000 (boxing & fencing)		 [18]
Sydney Entertainment Centre Volleyball11,000 [19]
Sydney Football Stadium Football/Soccer (women's final)42,500 [20]
Sydney International Equestrian Centre Equestrian 50,000 [21]
Sydney International Regatta Centre Canoeing (sprint)
Rowing 		20,000 [22]
Sydney International Shooting Centre Shooting 7,000 [23]
Sydney Opera House Triathlon Not listed. [24]
Western Sydney Parklands Cycling (mountain biking)20,000 [25]

Outside Sydney

VenueLocationSportsCapacityRef.
The Gabba Brisbane Football/Soccer37,000 [26]
Bruce Stadium Canberra 25,011 [26]
Hindmarsh Stadium Adelaide 20,000 [27]
Melbourne Cricket Ground Melbourne 98,000 [27]

Before the Olympics

The Dunc Gray Velodrome (pictured in 2008) hosted the track cycling events for the 2000 Summer Olympics Dunc Gray Veledrom in Bass Hill New South Wales.jpg
The Dunc Gray Velodrome (pictured in 2008) hosted the track cycling events for the 2000 Summer Olympics

Australia first hosted the Summer Olympics in 1956 at Melbourne. The main venue used was the Melbourne Cricket Ground which hosted the ceremonies (opening/closing), athletic events, and the finals for both field hockey and football. [28]

Sydney first made preliminary plans for the 1972 and 1988 Summer Olympics, but they were not followed through. Melbourne made a bid for the 1988 Summer Games, but withdrew in February 1981. Brisbane made a bid for the 1992 Summer Olympics, losing out to Barcelona, while Melbourne finished fourth in the bidding for the 1996 Summer Olympics won by Atlanta. The first serious review for Sydney as an Olympic city took place in 1973 on rehabilitating the Homebush Bay area as an Olympic site, though those plans were not taken seriously until seven years later, when Sydney was making a preliminary bid for the 1988 Summer Games. Nick Greiner, who served as Premier of New South Wales from 1988 to 1992, led the effort to use the Olympics as a catalyst for rehabilitating Homebush Bay, forming a review committee on this in 1989. The Australian Olympic Committee endorsed this idea provisionally in December 1990 and officially three months later. [29]

In the bid package submitted to the International Olympic Committee for Sydney, all of the venues would be located within 30 minutes of the Homebush Bay Area, where the Sydney Olympic Park would be constructed. [30] Sydney was selected 45–43 over Beijing in the fourth round of exhaustive voting to host the 2000 Games at the IOC Meeting in Monte Carlo on 23 September 1993. [31]

For site selection, 760 ha (1,900 acres) of Homebush Bay was selected for use though the area was not planned upon completion until 2010. Sydney's selection to host the 2000 Summer Olympics changed this. The States Sports Centre opened in 1984, and Bicentennial Park opened four years later. The Sydney International Aquatic Centre and Sydney International Athletic Centre were completed in 1994, but by 1995, it was determined by the Sydney Olympic Organising Committee that venue construction needed to be accelerated. [32] In 1995, Bob Carr was elected as New South Wales Premier, with one of his first task was to develop a masterplan for venue construction. A plan was approved in February 1996, along with lessons learned from 1996 Summer Olympics, leading to modification of the plan in February 1997. Environmental consideration was taken during site selection and construction, including the planting of 16,000 trees around completed venues once construction was completed. [33] Soil and water testing at Homebush Bay in the early 1990s determined that 9,000,000 m3 (320,000,000 cu ft) of domestic, commercial and industrial waste was located on 160 ha (400 acres) of the land, resulting in remediation. [34] Other items involved at the venues were the removal of electrical transmission lines, the development of rail lines near the venues, the construction of a new ferry wharf, and construction of vehicular parking sites. [35]

Fifteen new venues were under construction by 1995, with all of them being completed in 1999. Temporary venues were added for beach volleyball and women's water polo in 2000, prior to the Olympics. 40,000 people were involved in venue construction for the Games. [36]

The Olympic Stadium was constructed on the site of a cattle stockyard before they were sent to the slaughterhouse. Construction was delayed twice before commencing in earnest in September 1996. The stadium was completed in March 1999, and officially opened to the public three months later. [37] The new Sydney Showground was built to replace the old Sydney Showground at Moore Park. The old Sydney Showground was first used in 1882 as part of the Sydney Royal Easter Show, but was starting to show its age by the 1970s. Construction of the new Showground at Homebush Bay began in October 1997, and was completed for the 1998 Royal Easter Show. [38] The NSW Tennis Centre was constructed on a former home of the Australian Jockey Club from 1841 to 1869. [39] The Sydney International Regatta Centre was constructed near a quarry in Penrith, a suburb of Sydney. It opened in July 1995, with competition starting eight months later. [40] Penrith Whitewater Stadium was constructed following pleas to the IOC from the International Canoe Federation and French President Jacques Chirac after the sport was nearly excluded from the games. Pumps totalling 14,000 L (3,700 US gal) per second delivered the amount of whitewater needed for the slalom canoeing events at Penrith. [41] Holsworthy Barracks was the original site for the Sydney International Shooting Centre, but that was changed due to the site not being available. This resulted in the organisers renovating an existing shooting range to meet International Shooting Sport Federation standards, a renovation that took eighteen months to complete. [42] Bondi Beach was constructed as a temporary venue between March and November 2000, and took up less than twenty percent of the beach area used. [43]

Test events at the venues ran from September 1998 to August 2000. [44]

During the Olympics

The Sydney Opera House (pictured in 2005) hosted the triathlon events for the 2000 Summer Olympics Sydney opera house side view.jpg
The Sydney Opera House (pictured in 2005) hosted the triathlon events for the 2000 Summer Olympics

Before the start of the women's marathon, street personnel in Sydney had to tow 137 cars that were parked along the course. Japan's Naoko Takahashi won the event. [45]

Canoe sprint events on the last day of the Games at the Regatta Centre were delayed for six hours by up to 50 mph (80 km/h) wind gusts. The Regatta Center also had lane markers that were damaged and an official's aluminum dinghy sinking. [46] Eight days earlier in the men's rowing coxless four final, Great Britain's Steve Redgrave won the gold medal in his fifth straight Olympics. [47]

The endurance course of the equestrian eventing competition led to the hospitalization of two riders and four horses being injured, including one that was subsequently put to sleep. [48] Meanwhile, the individual jumping final was held in the midst of high winds that forced volunteers to hold down some of the top rails until a rider approached. [49]

After the Olympics

The Olympic Stadium, now Stadium Australia, continues to be used as of 2023, though with a reduced capacity of 83,500. The stadium was reconfigured after the games, making it suitable for rectangular pitch and oval ground sports with the removal of the athletics track and the use of retractable seating. For sport, the stadium is used for regular season National Rugby League (NRL) games and the NRL Grand Final. It also hosts State of Origin home games for the NSW Blues, and Rugby Union test matches involving the Wallabies. In a deal that ran from 2009 until 2015, the stadium was also host to all home finals for the NSW Waratahs in the Super Rugby competition (the Waratah's normally play at the Sydney Football Stadium). It was also used for the Big Bash League Twenty20 cricket games, as well as some games for the Sydney Swans and Greater Western Sydney Giants of the Australian Football League (AFL) until 2015. Stadium Australia also plays host to various concerts. [50]

The Super Dome, now known as Qudos Bank Arena, continues to play host to numerous concerts, award nights and sporting events as of 2017. It currently hosts Sydney Kings National Basketball League games, having previously done so from 1999 to 2002. It is also the alternate home of the New South Wales Swifts, who play in the Suncorp Super Netball competition, as well as hosting international netball games involving the Australia Netball Diamonds. The venue hosted the 2015 Netball World Cup, with the final attracting a world netball record attendance of 16,752. In 2001, the arena played host to the Tennis Masters Cup. The arena also plays host to world championship boxing and mixed martial arts (used as a venue by the UFC), and is the Sydney venue used on tours of Australia by World Wrestling Entertainment (WWE). [51]

Blacktown Olympic Park plays host to competitions for cricket, Australian Rules football, soccer, softball, and baseball. Australian Baseball League team the Sydney Blue Sox play their home games at the Blacktown Baseball Stadium located at the complex. [52]

Penrith Whitewater Stadium hosted the ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships in 2005. [53]

The Sydney Entertainment Centre, which opened in 1983, continued to be in use until it was closed in December 2015, hosting numerous concerts, sporting events and conventions. It was the home arena for the Sydney Kings, and occasionally played host to both national senior basketball teams, the Boomers (men) and the Opals (women). The venue hosted the 1991 World Netball Championships and the 1994 FIBA Women's World Basketball Championship. The Entertainment Centre was demolished in 2016.

The Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre remained in use until it closed in December 2013, and was demolished in 2014 to make way for the new Sydney International Convention, Exhibition and Entertainment Precinct at Darling Harbour, which was due for completion by the end of 2016. [54]

Sydney Football Stadium, an existing stadium that opened in 1988, continues to be in use as of 2017 by the NRL (including finals), A-League (including finals), and Super Rugby. The SFS also hosts various concerts, as well as other sporting events such as boxing and Rugby sevens. In 2012, it was increased in capacity from 42,000 to 45,500, and after a 2016 proposal to demolish the stadium and replace it with a 55,000 seat venue was defeated in parliament, plans were announced to refurbish the almost 30-year-old stadium.

The Homebush Street Circuit for the V8 Supercars was used at the Olympic precinct from 2009 to 2016. The circuit was designed by former multiple Australian Touring Car, CAMS Gold Star and Bathurst 1000 winner Mark Skaife. In 2015, V8 Supercars proposed to shorten the circuit to reduce the event's costs. [55] This proposal failed, and in March 2016, it was announced that the ongoing costs of running the event would result in 2016 being the final running of the Sydney 500. [56]

For the venues located outside of Sydney as of 2017, the Brisbane Cricket Ground, more commonly known as the Gabba, continues to play host to international and domestic cricket, and is also the home ground of the AFL's Brisbane Lions. It is also expected to be the main stadium of the 2032 Summer Olympics. Bruce Stadium, now known as Canberra Stadium, is the home venue of the NRL's Canberra Raiders and Super Rugby's Brumbies, and hosts occasional international rugby league, rugby union and soccer games. Hindmarsh Stadium (now Coopers Stadium) in Adelaide is the main home venue of the A-League's Adelaide United FC. Temporary seating used during the Olympics was removed after the games, and the stadium's capacity is now 17,000. The Melbourne Cricket Ground (MCG) underwent extensive renovations before hosting the 2006 Commonwealth Games. Now with a capacity of 100,024, it remains the home of the AFL, as well as international and domestic cricket in Melbourne.

Related Research Articles

For the 1928 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, a total of five sports venues were used. The main stadium hosted the figure skating, ice hockey, and speed skating events. Skeleton was first held at the Cresta Run. Bobsleigh was held at the bob run. St. Moritz itself served as cross-country skiing venue and the cross-country part of the Nordic combined event. Weather gave two events run at these games problems, creating the largest margin of victory in Olympic history for one and the cancellation of the other.

For the 1956 Summer Olympics, events were staged in a total of thirteen sports venues in Melbourne, Victoria, one in Ballarat, Victoria, and three sports venues in Stockholm, Sweden. The equestrian events took place in Stockholm in June 1956, due to Australia's strict quarantine laws on equestrianism, and the other Olympic events took place in Melbourne later in the year, between late November and early December.

For the 1960 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-four sports venues were used. The Basilica of Maxentius, the Baths of Caracalla, the Appian Way, and Via Cassia were among the ancient Roman venues used for the games. The football stadium in Florence hosted the 1934 FIFA World Cup and would later host the 1990 FIFA World Cup. Stadio Olimpico would later serve host to the 1987 IAAF World Championships in Athletics and the final venue for the 1990 FIFA World Cup. The marathon would be lit at night by Italian soldiers holding torches that included the Appian Way with a finish at the Arch of Constantine.

For the 1964 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-three sports venues were used. Six of the venues were built before the International Olympic Committee awarded the 1964 Games to Tokyo in 1959. This included two venues that hosted the 1958 Asian Games. There were thirteen new, eight temporary, and five reconstructed and/or renovated venues that were used during the event. During the Olympics, wind and weather had issues with two athletic events. After the Olympics, one venue hosted both a FIFA World Cup and a World Athletics Championship event while another also hosted a World Athletics Championship event.

For the 1968 Winter Olympics in Grenoble, France, a total of ten sports venues were used. Most venues were constructed between the 1964 Winter Games in Innsbruck and the 1968 Games. Thawing was an issue for the four-man bobsleigh run. They were limited to only two runs. Thawing also affected the men's 500 m speed skating event. Electronic timing in alpine skiing affected the results of the women's giant slalom event. It gave Canada's Nancy Greene a headache for two days despite her gold medal in the event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1968 Summer Olympics</span>

For the 1968 Summer Olympics, a total of twenty-five sports venues were used. Most of the venues were constructed after Mexico City was awarded the 1968 Games. Mexican efforts in determining wind measurement led to sixteen world records in athletics at the University Olympic Stadium. All four of the football venues used for these games would also be used for both of the occurrences that Mexico hosted the FIFA World Cup, in 1970 and 1986.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1976 Summer Olympics</span>

For the 1976 Summer Olympics, a total of twenty-seven sports venues were used. Several venues used had been in existence before Montreal made its first Olympic bid in the late 1930s. By the 1950s, Montreal's bid for the Olympics shifted from Winter to Summer before it was finally awarded the 1976 Summer Games in 1970. Strikes in 1974 and 1975 affected construction of the Montreal Olympic Park, most notably the stadium, pool, and velodrome, to the point where the FINA President threatened to not have the diving, swimming, and water polo events take place there for the games in early 1976 though all three venues were completed as best as possible prior to the 1976 Games. 27 swimming world records were set as a result. The oldest stadium, Molson Stadium at McGill University, would be converted into artificial turf for the field hockey tournaments while the sailing program in Kingston, Ontario, would be held in freshwater, both for the first time in Summer Olympic history. Indoor track cycling took place at the Olympics for the first time at the velodrome. Once the Olympics finished, the Montreal Expos and Montreal Alouettes moved into Olympic Stadium, staying until 2004 and 1997, respectively. The Montreal Canadiens remained at the Montreal Forum until they moved to the Molson Centre in March 1996. In 1992, the velodrome was converted into an indoor zoo now known as the Montreal Biodôme. Île-Notre Dame hosted a canoe sprint world championships and two rowing world championships since the 1976 Games, but the area north of the basin on the island has been host to the Formula One Canadian Grand Prix on an almost annual basis since 1978.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1980 Summer Olympics</span>

For the 1980 Summer Olympics, a total of twenty-eight sports venues were used. The first venue used for the Games was built in 1923. With the creation of the Spartakiad in Moscow in 1928, more venues were constructed. Central Lenin Stadium Grand Arena was built in 1956 for that year's versions of the Spartkiad. A plan in 1971 to construct more sports venues by 1990 was initiated, but accelerated in 1974 when Moscow was awarded the 1980 Games. The new venues to be used for the Games were completed in 1979. During the Games themselves at the permanent road cycling venue, the first ever constructed, the largest margin of victory was recorded in the individual road race cycling event since 1928. The Grand Arena hosted the football final that was played in a rainstorm for the third straight Olympics. After the 1991 break of the Soviet Union, the venues in Kiev, Minsk, and Tallinn would be located in Ukraine, Belarus, and Estonia, respectively. Luzhniki Stadium, formerly Grand Arena, continues to be used, and it was affected by the Luzhniki disaster in 1982. The stadium served as host for the IAAF World Championships in Athletics in 2013. Another venue, the Moscow Canoeing and Rowing Basin, served as host to the ICF Canoe Sprint World Championships in 2014. In December 2010, Russia was awarded the 2018 FIFA World Cup with Luzhniki Stadium and Dynamo Stadium proposed as venues for those events.

For the 1984 Winter Olympics in Sarajevo, Yugoslavia, a total of nine sports venues were used. The idea for the Games came around from a 1968 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development study on promoting winter tourism in Yugoslavia. After Sarajevo was awarded the 1984 Games in 1978, venue construction and renovation took place between 1979 and 1983. Weather postponed the men's downhill alpine skiing event three times before it was finally run. The men's cross-country skiing 30 km event was run during a blizzard. After the games, all but one of the venues were damaged during the Bosnian War and the siege of Sarajevo. After the war, Zetra Ice Hall was rebuilt and is in use as of 2010.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1984 Summer Olympics</span>

For the 1984 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-one venues were used. The Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum and the Rose Bowl, two venues previously used for the 1932 Summer Olympics, were used for the 1984 Games. Between the 1932 and the 1984 Summer Olympics, the expansion of professional sports teams assisted in the growth of the facilities that would be used for the 1984 events. Only two new permanent venues were constructed, both using corporate sponsorship, though neither were mentioned in the official Olympic report. Many other venues had temporary adjustments and returned to their normal usage once the 1984 Olympics were completed. Stanford Stadium in Palo Alto and the Rose Bowl later served as venues for the Super Bowl, the FIFA World Cup, and the FIFA Women's World Cup.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1988 Winter Olympics</span>

For the 1988 Winter Olympics in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, a total of nine sports venues were used. Calgary tried twice to host the Winter Olympics in the 1960s without success before finally winning the 1988 Winter Games in 1981. Stampede Corral was built in 1950 while McMahon Stadium was built in 1960. When the National Hockey League (NHL) Flames franchise was relocated from Atlanta, Georgia in the United States during the summer of 1980, a new arena was needed. The Saddledome construction was underway in late 1981 when Calgary was awarded the 1988 Games. Completed in 1983, the Olympic Saddledome has played host to the Flames ever since, including three Stanley Cup Finals and the NHL All-Star Game in 1985. An innovation for the games was the first indoor long-track speed skating venue which has served as a model for future Olympics. The bobsleigh and luge track was the first combination track in North America and was noted for the Jamaican bobsleigh team crash during the four-man event. Both the Oval and the bobsleigh/luge track continue to host the World Championships in their respective sports since the 1988 Winter Olympics.

For the 1988 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-one sports venues were used. South Korea hosted its first World Championships in 1978 in shooting sports. Three years later, Seoul was awarded the 1988 Summer Olympics. Many of the venues constructed for the 1988 Games were completed two years earlier in time for the Asian Games. The 1986 Asian Games served as test events for the 1988 Summer Olympics. The men's marathon course was lined by 36,000 policemen. Steffi Graf won a gold medal in women's singles to complete the "Golden Slam". None of the football venues used for these games were used for the 2002 FIFA World Cup that Korea co-hosted with Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1992 Summer Olympics</span>

For the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, a total of forty-three sports venues were used.

A total of twenty-nine sports venues were used for the 1996 Summer Olympics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 1998 Winter Olympics</span>

For the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan, a total of fifteen sports venues were used. Nagano had attempted twice to host the Winter Olympics, losing out to Sapporo, host of the 1972 Winter Olympics. The third time, in 1991, Nagano edged out Salt Lake City to host the 1998 Games. The biathlon venue was adjusted in accordance with the Washington Convention over endangered species. The biggest venue controversy was at Happo'one resort on the length of the men's downhill and the battle that ensued to the point where skiing officials threatened to pull the event entirely before a compromise was reached three months before the Olympics. M-Wave has hosted three World Speed Skating Championships since the Olympics, while the Spiral has hosted a couple of world championships in bobsleigh, luge and skeleton.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Venues of the 2004 Summer Olympics</span>

For the 2004 Summer Olympics, a total of thirty-five sports venues were used. Athens hosted the first modern Olympic Games in 1896, which used venues such as Panathinaiko Stadium and the city of Marathon for which the long-distance race would be named. From the end of the 1896 Games until the late 1970s, Greece underwent numerous political changes that included the Balkan Wars, two World Wars, a civil war, and a military coup that resulted in a junta that lasted from 1967 to 1974. A change in democracy in 1975 resulted in Greece's admission into the European Economic Community in 1979.

References

  1. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 375. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  2. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 376. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  3. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 381. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  4. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 382. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  5. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 371. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  6. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 387. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  7. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 386. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  8. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 390. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  9. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 391. Accessed 16 December 2010.
  10. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 370. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  11. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 372. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  12. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 113. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  13. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 373. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  14. 1 2 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 106. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  15. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 379. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  16. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 377. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  17. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 378. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  18. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 383. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  19. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 384. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  20. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 385. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  21. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 388. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  22. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 389. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  23. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 380. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  24. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 136-7. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  25. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 374. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  26. 1 2 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 392. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  27. 1 2 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 393. Accessed 17 December 2010.
  28. ↑ 1956 Summer Olympics official report. Archived 2008-09-12 at the Wayback Machine p. 40. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  29. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 7-14. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  30. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 19. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  31. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 21. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  32. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 53-4. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  33. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 55-7. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  34. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 57. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  35. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 58-61. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  36. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 62. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  37. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 65. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  38. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 66-8. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  39. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 69-70. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  40. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 72-3. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  41. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 73-4. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  42. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. pp. 75-6.
  43. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 76-8. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  44. ↑ 2000 Summer Olympics official report. Archived November 9, 2000, at the Wayback Machine Volume 1. p. 151. Accessed 19 December 2010.
  45. ↑ Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Track & Field (Women): Marathon". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 321.
  46. ↑ Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 470, 474.
  47. ↑ Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Rowing: Men's Four-Oared Shell Without Coxswain". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 797-8.
  48. ↑ Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Equestrian: Three-Day Event, Individual". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. p. 565.
  49. ↑ Wallechinsky, David and Jaime Loucky (2008). "Equestrian: Jumping, Individual". In The Complete Book of the Olympics: 2008 Edition. London: Aurum Press Limited. pp. 577-8.
  50. ↑ History of ANZ Stadium. Accessed 21 December 2010.
  51. ↑ Acerarena.com event calendar. Accessed 21 December 2010.
  52. ↑ BlacktownOlympicPark.com.au profile. Archived 2009-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 21 December 2010.
  53. ↑ Sports123.com list of ICF Canoe Slalom World Championships C-1 medalists: 1949-2010. Archived 2011-06-16 at the Wayback Machine Accessed 21 December 2010.
  54. ↑ Sydney Convention and Exhibition Centre official website. Accessed 21 December 2010.
  55. ↑ Bartholomaeus, Adrian (7 December 2015). "Sydney shift touted after circuit plans quashed". Speedcafe. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
  56. ↑ "Axe falls on Sydney Olympic Park street race". Speedcafe. 22 March 2016. Retrieved 22 March 2016.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.