Admiralty buildings

Last updated
The Admiralty complex in 1794. The colours indicate departments or residences for the several Lords of the Admiralty. The pale coloured extension behind the small courtyard, on the left is Admiralty House. Admiralty 1794 Draughtsman; Chawner, Thomas.jpg
The Admiralty complex in 1794. The colours indicate departments or residences for the several Lords of the Admiralty. The pale coloured extension behind the small courtyard, on the left is Admiralty House.

The Admiralty buildings complex lies between Whitehall, Horse Guards Parade and The Mall and includes five inter-connected buildings.

Contents

Since the Admiralty no longer exists as a department, these buildings are now used by separate government departments:

The Admiralty

The oldest building was long known simply as The Admiralty; it is now known officially as the Ripley Building, [1] a three-storey U-shaped brick building designed by Thomas Ripley and completed in 1726. Alexander Pope implied that the architecture is rather dull, lacking either the vigour of the Baroque style, fading from fashion at the time, or the austere grandeur of the Palladian style just coming into vogue. It is mainly notable for being perhaps the first purpose-built office building in Great Britain. It contained the Admiralty board room, which is still used by the Admiralty Board, other state rooms, offices and apartments for the Lords of the Admiralty. Robert Adam designed the screen, which was added to the entrance front in 1788. In January 1806, the body of Lord Nelson lay in the building on the night preceding his state funeral. [2] The Ripley Building is currently occupied by the International Development section of the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office. [3]

Admiralty House

Admiralty House is a moderately proportioned mansion to the south of the Ripley Building, designed by Samuel Pepys Cockerell and built in the late 18th century as the residence of the First Lord of the Admiralty in 1788. [4] Winston Churchill was one of its occupants in 1911–1915 and 1939–1940. It lacks its own entrance from Whitehall and is entered through the Ripley Courtyard or Ripley Building. [4] It is a three-storey building in yellow brick with neoclassical interiors. [5] The ground floor comprises meeting rooms for the Cabinet Office and the upper floors are three ministerial residences. [6]

Admiralty House, Hong Kong in 1935 Hong Kong-Admiralty House-1935.preview.jpg
Admiralty House, Hong Kong in 1935

There was formerly also an Admiralty House located at, or near to, the main base and dockyard in each station of the Royal Navy for use of the Commander-in-Chief. Each property was designated as the Admiralty House named for its location, but often possessed a property name (similarly to stone frigates being commissioned with a name distinct from their functional designations, such as HMS Malabar, functionally Her Majesty's Naval Base, Bermuda, which closed in 1995). [7]

The Commander-in-Chief of the station used the Admiralty House when based ashore, but was otherwise based afloat aboard the flagship of the squadron. There may have been more than one Admiralty House per station, as with the North America Station (later the North America and West Indies Station, and finally the America and West Indies Station), the squadron of which was for a time based in Bermuda during the winter months and Halifax, Nova Scotia, during the summers, before Bermuda became the year-round headquarters. Former Admiralty Houses would cease to have that function, either being disposed of (if having been on Admiralty property) or re-purposed as separate stations were merged, such as the Jamaica Station being merged with the North America Station to create the North America and West Indies Station. [8]

Other Admiralty Houses or former Admiralty Houses include:

There are two former naval properties today known as Admiralty House, though it is unclear whether they were ever so designated by the Admiralty, or ever served that function:

Admiralty Extension

The Admiralty Extension (which is also one of the two buildings which are sometimes referred to as the "Old Admiralty") dates from the turn of the 20th century. Admiralty Extension from Horse Guards Parade - Sept 2006.jpg
The Admiralty Extension (which is also one of the two buildings which are sometimes referred to as the "Old Admiralty") dates from the turn of the 20th century.

This is the largest of the Admiralty Buildings. [22] It was begun in the late 19th century and redesigned while the construction was in progress to accommodate the extra offices needed by the naval arms race with the German Empire. It is a red brick building with white stone, detailing in the Queen Anne style with French influences. It has been used by the Foreign and Commonwealth Office from the 1960s to 2016. The Department for Education planned to move into the building in September 2017 following the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's decision to leave the building and consolidate its London staff into one building on King Charles Street. A change of contractor (BAM was replaced by Willmott Dixon) then delayed consolidation of the Department for Education to autumn 2018. [23] In 2021, the building became the home of the Department for International Trade. [24]

Admiralty Arch

Admiralty Arch Admiralty Arch at Dusk, London, UK - Diliff.jpg
Admiralty Arch

Admiralty Arch is linked to the Old Admiralty Building by a bridge and is part of the ceremonial route from Trafalgar Square to Buckingham Palace. In 2012, HM Government sold the building on a 125-year lease for £60m for a proposed redevelopment into a Waldorf Astoria luxury hotel and four apartments. [25]

The Admiralty Citadel

Bomb proof citadel constructed 1940 for Admiralty headquarters Admiralty Citadel2008.jpg
Bomb proof citadel constructed 1940 for Admiralty headquarters

The Admiralty Citadel is a squat, windowless Second World War fortress north west of Horse Guards Parade, now covered in ivy. [26]

Further reading

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Devonport, Plymouth</span> District of Plymouth, Devon

Devonport, formerly named Plymouth Dock or just Dock, is a district of Plymouth in the English county of Devon, although it was, at one time, the more important settlement. It became a county borough in 1889. Devonport was originally one of the "Three Towns" ; these merged in 1914 to form what would become in 1928 the City of Plymouth. It is represented in the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of the Plymouth Sutton and Devonport constituency. Its elected Member of Parliament (MP) is Luke Pollard, who is a member of the Labour Party. The population of the ward at the 2011 census was 14,788.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">North America and West Indies Station</span> Military unit

The North America and West Indies Station was a formation or command of the United Kingdom's Royal Navy stationed in North American waters from 1745 to 1956, with main bases at the Imperial fortresses of Bermuda and Halifax, Nova Scotia. The North American Station was separate from the Jamaica Station until 1830 when the two combined to form the North America and West Indies Station. It was briefly abolished in 1907 before being restored in 1915. It was renamed the America and West Indies Station in 1926. It was commanded by Commanders-in-Chief whose titles changed with the changing of the formation's name, eventually by the Commander-in-Chief, America and West Indies Station.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Navy Dockyard</span> State-owned shipbuilding and maintenance facilities for the British navy

Royal Navy Dockyards were state-owned harbour facilities where ships of the Royal Navy were built, based, repaired and refitted. Until the mid-19th century the Royal Dockyards were the largest industrial complexes in Britain.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HMNB Portsmouth</span> Operating base in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy

His Majesty's Naval Base, Portsmouth is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy. Portsmouth Naval Base is part of the city of Portsmouth; it is located on the eastern shore of Portsmouth Harbour, north of the Solent and the Isle of Wight. For centuries it was officially known as HM Dockyard, Portsmouth: as a Royal Dockyard, Portsmouth functioned primarily as a state-owned facility for building, repairing and maintaining warships; for a time it was the largest industrial site in the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">CFB Halifax</span> Naval base in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

Canadian Forces Base (CFB) Halifax is Canada's east coast naval base and home port to the Royal Canadian Navy Atlantic fleet, known as Canadian Fleet Atlantic (CANFLTLANT), that forms part of the formation Maritime Forces Atlantic (MARLANT).

Admiralty House may refer to:

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda</span> Base of the Royal Navy in the Western Atlantic

HMD Bermuda was the principal base of the Royal Navy in the Western Atlantic between American independence and the Cold War. The Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda had occupied a useful position astride the homeward leg taken by many European vessels from the New World since before its settlement by England in 1609. French privateers may have used the islands as a staging place for operations against Spanish galleons in the 16th century. Bermudian privateers certainly played a role in many English and British wars following settlement, with its utility as a base for his privateers leading to the Earl of Warwick, the namesake of Warwick Parish, becoming the most important investor of the Somers Isles Company. Despite this, it was not until the loss of bases on most of the North American Atlantic seaboard threatened Britain's supremacy in the Western Atlantic that the island assumed great importance as a naval base. In 1818 the Royal Naval Dockyard, Bermuda officially replaced the Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax, as the British headquarters for the North America Station (which would become the North America and West Indies Station after absorbing the Jamaica Station in 1830.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax</span>

Royal Naval Dockyard, Halifax was a Royal Navy base in Halifax, Nova Scotia. Established in 1759, the Halifax Yard served as the headquarters for the Royal Navy's North American Station for sixty years, starting with the Seven Years' War. The Royal Navy continued to operate the station until it was closed in 1905. The station was sold to Canada in 1907 becoming His Majesty's Canadian Dockyard, a function it still serves today as part of CFB Halifax.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">HMNB Devonport</span> Operating base in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy

His Majesty's Naval Base, Devonport is one of three operating bases in the United Kingdom for the Royal Navy and is the sole nuclear repair and refuelling facility for the Royal Navy. The largest naval base in Western Europe, HMNB Devonport is located in Devonport, in the west of the city of Plymouth, England.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Naval Museum of Halifax</span> Naval museum in Nova Scotia, Canada

The Naval Museum of Halifax is a Canadian Forces museum located at CFB Halifax in the former official residence of the Commander-in-Chief of the North America Station (1819–1905). Also known as the "Admiralty House", the residence is a National Historic Site of Canada located in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. The museum collects, preserves and displays the artifacts and history of the Royal Canadian Navy.

Edward Holl was an architect to the Navy Board, then later Surveyor of Buildings to the Board of Admiralty of the Royal Navy. His father is presumed to be Edward Holl, a stonemason from Beccles in Suffolk, who died in January 1816.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Prospect Camp, Bermuda</span> Military installation manned by the Royal Garrison Artillery

Prospect Camp, also referred to as Prospect Garrison, was the main infantry camp of the Bermuda Garrison, the military force stationed in the Imperial fortress of Bermuda. It also contained Fort Prospect, Fort Langton, and Fort Hamilton, as well as being the base for mobile artillery batteries, manned by the Royal Artillery. Outlying parts of the camp were disposed of in the early decades of the Twentieth Century as the garrison in Bermuda was reduced. The core area, including the barracks, passed to the local government when the garrison was withdrawn in 1957.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Western Redoubt</span>

The Western Redoubt, or Fort William, is a square fort built on a crest on the eastern side of Government Hill, and within the boundaries of the original main British Army camp in the Imperial fortress colony of Bermuda, St. George's Garrison.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Admiralty in the 18th century</span>

The Glorious Revolution of 1688 rearranged the political map of Europe, and led to a series of wars with France that lasted well over a century. This was the classic age of sail; while the ships themselves evolved in only minor ways, technique and tactics were honed to a high degree, and the battles of the Napoleonic Wars entailed feats that would have been impossible for the fleets of the 17th century. Because of parliamentary opposition, James II fled the country. The landing of William III and the Glorious Revolution itself was a gigantic effort involving 100 warships and 400 transports carrying 11,000 infantry and 4,000 horses. It was not opposed by the English or Scottish fleets.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Department of the Director of Dockyards</span> British Admiralty department

The Department of the Director of Dockyards, also known as the Dockyard Branch and later as the Dockyards and Fleet Maintenance Department, was the British Admiralty department responsible from 1872 to 1964 for civil administration of dockyards, the building of ships, the maintenance and repair of ships at dockyards and factories, and the supervision of all civil dockyard personnel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Navy Office (Royal Navy)</span> British government office, 1576–1832

The Navy Office was the government office responsible for the civil administration of the British Royal Navy from 1576 to 1832. It contained all the members of the Navy Board and various other departments and offices. The day-to-day business of the Navy Office was headed by the Clerk of the Acts from 1660 until 1796. When this position was abolished duties were assumed by separate committees for Accounts, Correspondence, Stores, Transports and Victualling presided over by the Comptroller of the Navy. The Navy Office was one of two government offices that were jointly responsible for directing naval affairs. In 1832 following reforms of the naval service the Navy Office was abolished and its functions and staff taken over by the Admiralty.

Jamaica Dockyard also known as Port Royal Dockyard was a British Royal Navy Dockyard located at Port Royal, Jamaica. It was established 1675 and closed in 1905. The dockyard was initially administered by the Navy Board then later the Board of Admiralty.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">St. George's Garrison, Bermuda</span> British military post

St. George's Garrison was the first permanent military camp of the Bermuda Garrison established in the British colony and Imperial fortress of Bermuda, with construction of Old Military Road and the original Royal Barracks commencing during the war between Britain and France that followed the French Revolution. It would remain in use until 1957, when it was transferred to the civil (colonial) government with most of the other Admiralty and War Office properties in Bermuda.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Imperial fortress</span> One of four key British colonial military outposts

Lord Salisbury described Malta, Gibraltar, Bermuda, and Halifax as Imperial fortresses at the 1887 Colonial Conference, though by that point they had been so designated for decades. Later historians have also given the title "imperial fortress" to St. Helena and Mauritius.

References

  1. Philip Carey. Central Westminster London Photo Routes: Charing Cross to The Houses of Parliament. Philip Carey. p. 254. GGKEY:4R61C7KPJYX. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  2. Adkin, Mark (2005). The Trafalgar Companion: The Complete Guide to History’s Most Famous Sea Battle and the Life of Admiral Lord Nelson. London: Aurum Press Ltd. p. 548. ISBN   978-1845130183.
  3. "The Architecture of British Naval Power in Whitehall". Essential London. 4 March 2021. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  4. 1 2 Historic England. "Grade I (1267114)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 5 June 2009.
  5. "Open House – Going inside Admiralty House". Ian Mansfield. ISSN   2753-7846 . Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  6. Parliament — Ministerial Residences (21 July 2016,PDF) from the UK Parliament website
  7. Tucker, Spencer C. (2012). The Encyclopedia Of the War Of 1812: A Political, Social, and Military History. ABC-CLIO. p. 59. ISBN   978-1851099573.
  8. Cundall, Frank (1915). "Historic Jamaica : With fifty-two illustrations". archive.org. London : Published for the Institute of Jamaica by the West India Committee, p. xx.
  9. Worth, Margaret (9 January 2022). "The History of Admiralty House". The Bermudian. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  10. "Nelson's Dockyard Museum". Paradise Islands. www.paradise-islands.org/. Retrieved 2021-08-08. The Nelson's Dockyard Museum is housed on the ground floor of the original Naval Officer's House (Admiral's House). The building is Victorian dating back to 1855.
  11. Admiralty House National Historic Site of Canada . Canadian Register of Historic Places . Retrieved 22 August 2012.
  12. "Marble Hall Gatekeeper's Lodge (1901– )". Gwulo. Retrieved 9 September 2022.
  13. "Admiralty House undergoing restoration with a $4.3m investment - TVM News". TVM English. Retrieved 2019-05-16.
  14. Historic England, "Hamoze House and attached railings (1386257)", National Heritage List for England , retrieved 12 July 2019
  15. Historic England. "Admiralty House, Plymouth (1386256)". National Heritage List for England . Retrieved 22 November 2015.
  16. "Admiralty Houses". Jamaica National Heritage Trust. Jamaica National Heritage Trust. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  17. "Sembawang Residents to Embrace Sport, Health, Food, Greenery and Heritage at Bukit Canberra". Sports Singapore (Press Release). 1 July 2018. Retrieved 5 May 2020.
  18. "Admiralty House Garden and Fortifications (CHL) (Place ID 105399)". Australian Heritage Database . Australian Government . Retrieved 12 October 2017.
  19. "Admiralty House - 200 years of naval tradition". Sunday Observer. 16 February 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2021.
  20. "Admiralty House, Mount Pearl". The Trident. 1998 (Southcott ed.): 2–3.
  21. "Admirable homes in the Sun". The Jewish Chronicle. London. 2009-04-03. Retrieved 2021-08-08.
  22. Philip Carey. Central Westminster London Photo Routes: Charing Cross to The Houses of Parliament. Philip Carey. p. 103. GGKEY:4R61C7KPJYX. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  23. "Willmott Dixon wins Old Admirality [sic] Building refurb". constructionenquirer.com.
  24. Fisher, Liz (6 April 2021). "Licence to trade: Liz Truss will use Ian Fleming's old office to strike post-Brexit deals". The Telegraph. London. Archived from the original on 8 June 2021. Retrieved 30 June 2021.
  25. Batty, David (24 October 2012). "This article is more than 8 years old London landmark Admiralty Arch sold to become luxury hotel". Guardian Media Group. The Guardian. Retrieved 7 January 2021.
  26. Derelict London by Paul Talling, page 190, publ. 2008 by Random House, ISBN   978-1-905211-43-2