Native name: Moris Nickname: The Star and Key of the Indian Ocean | |
---|---|
Geography | |
Location | Indian Ocean |
Coordinates | 20°17′S57°33′E / 20.283°S 57.550°E |
Archipelago | Mascarene Islands |
Area | 2,011 km2 (776 sq mi) |
Highest elevation | 828 m (2717 ft) |
Highest point | Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire |
Administration | |
Largest settlement | Port Louis (pop. 147,688) |
Demographics | |
Population | 1,264,866 (2007) |
Pop. density | 616/km2 (1595/sq mi) |
Ethnic groups | Indo-Mauritian 68%, Mauritian Creole people 27%, Sino-Mauritian 3%, Franco-Mauritian 2% |
Mauritius is an island off Africa's southeast coast located in the Indian Ocean, east of Madagascar. It is geologically located within the Somali plate.
Area (includes Agaléga, Cargados Carajos (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues):
total: 2,011 km2
land: 2,030 km2
water: 10 km2
note: includes Agalega Islands, Cargados Carajos Shoais (Saint Brandon), and Rodrigues.
Coastline: 177 km
Maritime claims:territorial sea:12 nmi (22.2 km; 13.8 mi)
continental shelf:200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi) or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone:200 nmi (370.4 km; 230.2 mi)
Elevation extremes:
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
highest point: Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire 828 m
Natural resources: arable land, fish
Land use:
arable land: 38.24%
permanent crops: 1.96%
other: 59.80% (2011)
Irrigated land: 212.2 km2 (2003)
Total renewable water resources: 2.75 km3 (2011)
Environment - current issues: water pollution, degradation of coral reefs
Environment - international agreements:
party to: Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
Geography - note: The main island is from which the country derives its name, former home of the dodo, a large flightless bird related to pigeons, driven to extinction by the end of the 17th century through a combination of hunting and the introduction of predatory species.
notes: excludes Tromelin and other îles éparses
The local climate is tropical, modified by southeast trade winds; there is a warm, dry winter from May to November and a hot, wet, and humid summer from November to May. Anticyclones affect the country during May to September.
Cyclones affect Mauritius during November–April. Hollanda (1994) and Dina (2002) were the worst two of the more recent cyclones to have affected the island.
Climate data for Port Louis | |||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Month | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec | Year |
Record high °C (°F) | 35 (95) | 33 (91) | 32 (90) | 31 (88) | 29 (84) | 28 (82) | 27 (81) | 27 (81) | 28 (82) | 31 (88) | 33 (91) | 35 (95) | 35 (95) |
Mean daily maximum °C (°F) | 31.5 (88.7) | 31.4 (88.5) | 31.5 (88.7) | 30.7 (87.3) | 29.3 (84.7) | 27.6 (81.7) | 26.7 (80.1) | 26.8 (80.2) | 27.7 (81.9) | 28.8 (83.8) | 30.2 (86.4) | 31.1 (88.0) | 29.4 (85.0) |
Mean daily minimum °C (°F) | 24.1 (75.4) | 24.0 (75.2) | 23.8 (74.8) | 23.0 (73.4) | 21.5 (70.7) | 19.9 (67.8) | 19.3 (66.7) | 19.1 (66.4) | 19.4 (66.9) | 20.4 (68.7) | 21.8 (71.2) | 23.2 (73.8) | 21.6 (70.9) |
Record low °C (°F) | 17 (63) | 18 (64) | 17 (63) | 14 (57) | 13 (55) | 11 (52) | 11 (52) | 10 (50) | 11 (52) | 13 (55) | 14 (57) | 17 (63) | 10 (50) |
Average rainfall mm (inches) | 131 (5.2) | 160 (6.3) | 83 (3.3) | 87 (3.4) | 48 (1.9) | 24 (0.9) | 18 (0.7) | 19 (0.7) | 17 (0.7) | 15 (0.6) | 24 (0.9) | 85 (3.3) | 711 (27.9) |
Average rainy days (≥ 1.0 mm) | 9 | 10 | 8 | 7 | 6 | 4 | 4 | 5 | 3 | 3 | 3 | 6 | 68 |
Mean monthly sunshine hours | 248 | 226 | 217 | 240 | 248 | 210 | 217 | 217 | 240 | 279 | 270 | 279 | 2,891 |
Source 1: World Meteorological Organization. [1] | |||||||||||||
Source 2: BBC Weather [2] |
The country's landscape consists of a small coastal plain rising to discontinuous mountains encircling a central plateau. Mauritius is almost completely surrounded by reefs that may pose maritime hazards. The main island is of volcanic origin.
The mountains with the greatest prominence include:
Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire, 828 m, the highest point of the island [3]
Le Morne Brabant, 556 m
Tourelle de Tamarin, 563 m [4]
Corps de Garde, 720 m, prominence 382 m [5]
Le Pouce, 820 m, prominence 352 m [6]
Pieter Both, 820 m, prominence 229 m [7]
Montagne Cocotte, 780 m
This is a list of the extreme points of Mauritius, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.
Mauritius, officially the Republic of Mauritius, is an island country in the Indian Ocean, about 2,000 kilometres off the southeastern coast of East Africa, east of Madagascar. It includes the main island, as well as Rodrigues, Agaléga, and St. Brandon. The islands of Mauritius and Rodrigues, along with nearby Réunion, are part of the Mascarene Islands. The main island of Mauritius, where the population is concentrated, hosts the capital and largest city, Port Louis. The country spans 2,040 square kilometres (790 sq mi) and has an exclusive economic zone covering 2,300,000 square kilometres.
The Mascarene Islands or Mascarenes or Mascarenhas Archipelago is a group of islands in the Indian Ocean east of Madagascar consisting of islands belonging to the Republic of Mauritius as well as the French department of La Réunion. Their name derives from the Portuguese navigator Pedro Mascarenhas, who first visited them in April 1512. The islands share a common geological origin beneath the Mascarene Plateau known as the Mauritia (microcontinent) which was a Precambrian microcontinent situated between India and Madagascar until their separation about 70 million years ago. They form a distinct ecoregion with unique biodiversityand endemism of flora and fauna.
Rodrigues is a 108 km2 (42 sq mi) autonomous outer island of the Republic of Mauritius in the Indian Ocean, about 560 km (350 mi) east of Mauritius. It is part of the Mascarene Islands, which include Mauritius and Réunion. Like Agaléga, Rodrigues is a constituent island of the Republic of Mauritius, under the Constitution of Mauritius and still remains, as explicitly defined by the same Constitution, part of the Sovereignty of Mauritius, together with the following islands: "Agalega, Tromelin, Cargados Carajos, Chagos Archipelago ... Diego Garcia and other islands included in the State of Mauritius".
Isle de France was a French colony in the Indian Ocean from 1715 to 1810, comprising the island now known as Mauritius and its dependent territories. It was governed by the French East India Company and formed part of the French colonial empire. Under the French, the island witnessed major changes. The increasing importance of agriculture led to the "import" of slaves and the undertaking of vast infrastructural works that transformed the capital Port Louis into a major port, warehousing, and commercial centre.
The Outer Islands of Mauritius is the first-level administrative divisions of the country and consists of the islands of Mauritius and several outlying islands. The Outer Islands of Mauritius are managed under the aegis of the Prime Minister of Mauritius through Prime Minister's Office by the Outer Islands Development Corporation which is the authority empowered under the law to manage the Outer Islands of Mauritius. The Prime Minister is also Minister for Rodrigues, Outer Islands and Territorial Integrity. The Constitution of Mauritius states that the Republic of Mauritius includes the islands of Agaléga, Mauritius, Rodrigues, Saint Brandon, Tromelin Island, and the Chagos Archipelago. The Government of Mauritius claims sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago, which the United Kingdom split from its territories to create the British Indian Ocean Territory before its independence in 1968. Additionally, France shares a sovereignty claim over Tromelin Island, an uninhabited island between Madagascar and Mauritius's main island.
Saint Brandon, also known as the Cargados Carajos Shoals, is a southwest Indian Ocean archipelago of sand banks, shoals and islets belonging to the Republic of Mauritius. It lies about 430 km (270 mi) northeast of the island of Mauritius. It consists of five island groups, with about 28-40 islands and islets in total, depending on seasonal storms and related sand movements.
The Mascarene Plateau is a submarine plateau in the Indian Ocean, north and east of Madagascar. The plateau extends approximately 2,000 km (1,200 mi), from Seychelles in the north to Réunion in the south. The plateau covers an area of over 115,000 km2 (44,000 sq mi) of shallow water, with depths ranging from 8–150 m (30–490 ft), plunging to 4,000 m (13,000 ft) to the abyssal plain at its edges.
Pieter Both, sometimes referred to as Peter Botte Mountain, is the second highest mountain of Mauritius, at 820 metres (2,690 ft) tall. The mountain is slightly shorter than Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire by eight metres. It is named after Pieter Both, the first Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. It is located in the Moka Range.
Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire is the highest mountain on the island of Mauritius, in the Indian Ocean. Located in the Rivière Noire District and rising to a height of 828 m (2,717 ft) above sea level, it forms part of the Black River mountain range.
Rivière Noire or Black River is a district on the western side of the island of Mauritius. Rivière Noire translates to Black River. This region receives less rainfall than the others. The district has an area of 259 square kilometres (100 sq mi) and the population was estimated to be 80,939 as of 31 December 2015. It is the third largest district of Mauritius in area, but the smallest in terms of population. The district is mostly rural, but it also include the western part of the city of Port Louis and western part of Quatre Bornes.
The wildlife of Mauritius consists of its flora and fauna. Mauritius is located in the Indian Ocean to the east of Madagascar. Due to its isolation, it has a relatively low diversity of wildlife; however, a high proportion of these are endemic species occurring nowhere else in the world. Many of these are now threatened with extinction because of human activities including habitat destruction and the introduction of non-native species. Some have already become extinct, most famously the dodo which disappeared in the 17th century.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Mauritius:
The following is an index of Mauritius-related topics by alphabetical order. For a list by topic, see list of Mauritius-related topics
Le Pouce is the third highest mountain in Mauritius, at 812 meters. Only Piton de la Petite Rivière Noire and Pieter Both are taller. It is named Le Pouce because of the thumb-shaped peak of the mountain. It can be viewed from the capital of Mauritius, Port Louis, and is a popular hike for the view of the city. The mountain is in the Moka Range and is closest to the village of La Laura-Malenga in the Moka District. Charles Darwin ascended the mountain on 2 May 1836.
Rempart Mountain is a mountain near Tamarin in the Rivière Noire District, western Mauritius. Rempart Mountain is the fourth-highest peak in Mauritius, after Le Pouce.
Île Raphael is an island in the Saint Brandon archipelago, a group of 30 outer islands of Mauritius. The island is named after Veuve Raphaël. Veuve Raphaël's husband was a sea captain and had installations on the corner of rue (route) des Pamplemousses and rue Fanfaron in Port Louis. Captain Raphaël travelled regularly to Île Raphael, St Brandon from Port Louis and, on 17 May 1816 and November 1817, is on record as bringing back salted fish on a Lugger called 'Le Cheriby'. Île Raphaël is today the headquarters and principal fishing base of the Raphael Fishing Company which is the second oldest commercial company in Mauritius.
Piton is a rock climbing tool.
The Raphaël Fishing Company Ltd is a Mauritian fishing company incorporated on 7 July 1927 in Port Louis, Mauritius. It is the second oldest commercial company in Mauritius, after Mauritius Commercial Bank (1828).
This article incorporates public domain material from The World Factbook. CIA.