State | Tamil Nadu |
---|---|
Country | Republic of India |
Website | www |
Legislative branch | |
Assembly | |
Speaker | M. Appavu, DMK |
Deputy Speaker | K. Pitchandi, DMK |
Members in Assembly | 234 |
Meeting place | Fort St. George |
Executive branch | |
Governor | R. N. Ravi |
Chief Minister | M. K. Stalin, DMK |
Chief Secretary | Shiv Das Meena, I.A.S. |
Headquarters | Chennai |
Departments | 43 |
Judiciary branch | |
High Court | Madras High Court |
Chief Justice | R. Mahadevan |
The Government of Tamil Nadu is the administrative body responsible for the governance of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is the capital of the state and houses the state executive, legislature and head of judiciary.
Under the Constitution of India, de jure executive authority lies with the governor, although this authority is exercised only by, or on the advice of, the chief minister, the de facto authority and the cabinet. Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly.
Legislative assembly elections are held every five years to elect a new assembly, unless there is a successful vote of no confidence in the government or a two-thirds vote for a snap election in the assembly, in which case an election may be held sooner. The legislature of Tamil Nadu was bicameral until 1986, when it was replaced by a unicameral legislature. The judiciary branch is led by a High Court (Madras High Court) led by a Chief Justice.
Title | Name |
---|---|
Governor | R. N. Ravi [1] |
Chief minister | M. K. Stalin [2] |
Chief Justice | S. V. Gangapurwala [3] |
The Governor is the de jure constitutional head of state while the Chief Minister is the de facto chief executive. The governor is appointed by the President of India. Following elections to the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly, the state's governor usually invites the party (or coalition) with a majority of seats to form the government. The governor appoints the chief minister, whose council of ministers are collectively responsible to the assembly. Given that he has the confidence of the assembly, the chief minister's term is for five years and is subject to no term limits. [4] Chennai is the capital of the state and houses the state executive, legislative and head of judiciary. [5]
Sr. No. | Name | Constituency | Portfolio(s) | Party | Term of office | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Took office | Left office | Duration | ||||||
Chief Minister | ||||||||
1 | M. K. Stalin | Kolathur |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
Cabinet Ministers | ||||||||
2 | Durai Murugan | Katpadi |
| DMK | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | |
3 | K. N. Nehru | Tiruchirappalli West |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
4 | I. Periyasamy | Athoor |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
5 | E. V. Velu | Tiruvannamalai |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
6 | M. R. K. Panneerselvam | Kurinjipadi |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
7 | K. K. S. S. R. Ramachandran | Aruppukottai |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
8 | Thangam Thennarasu | Tiruchuli |
| 11 May 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 14 days | ||
| 16 June 2023 | Incumbent | 344 days | |||||
9 | Udhayanidhi Stalin | Chepauk-Thiruvallikeni |
| 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
10 | S. Regupathy | Tirumayam |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
11 | S. Muthusamy | Erode West |
| 11 May 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 14 days | ||
| 16 June 2023 | Incumbent | 344 days | |||||
12 | K. R. Periyakaruppan | Tiruppattur |
| 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
13 | T. M. Anbarasan | Alandur |
| 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
14 | M. P. Saminathan | Kangayam |
| 11 May 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 14 days | ||
15 | P. Geetha Jeevan | Thoothukkudi | Social Welfare including Women and Children Welfare, Orphanages and Correctional Administration, Integrated Child Development Scheme and Beggar Homes and Social Reforms & Nutritious Meal Programme | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
16 | R. S. Raja Kannappan | Mudukulathur | Backward Classes Welfare, Most Backward Classes Welfare and De-notified Communities Welfare | 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
Higher Education including Technical Education, Electronics, Science and Technology | 21 December 2023 | Incumbent | 156 days | |||||
17 | Anitha R. Radhakrishnan | Tiruchendur | Fisheries, Fisheries Development Corporation and Animal Husbandry | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
18 | K. Ramachandran | Coonoor | Tourism and Tourism Development Corporation | 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
19 | R. Sakkarapani | Oddanchatram | Food and Civil Supplies, Consumer Protection and Price Control | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
20 | R. Gandhi | Ranipet | Handlooms and Textiles, Boodhan and Gramadhan | 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
Khadi and Village Industries Board | 21 December 2023 | Incumbent | 156 days | |||||
21 | Ma. Subramanian | Saidapet | Health, Medical Education and Family Welfare | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
22 | P. Moorthy | Madurai East | Commercial Taxes, Registration and Stamp Act, Weights and Measures, Debt Relief including legislation on Money lending, Chits and Registration of Companies | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
23 | S. S. Sivasankar | Kunnam | Transport, Nationalized Transport and Motor Vehicles Act | 29 March 2022 | Incumbent | 2 years, 57 days | ||
24 | P. K. Sekar Babu | Harbour | Hindu Religious and Charitable Endowments, CMDA | 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
25 | Palanivel Thiagarajan | Madurai Central | Information Technology & Digital Services | 11 May 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 14 days | ||
26 | K. S. Masthan | Gingee | Minorities Welfare, Non-Resident Tamils, Refugees & Evacuees and Wakf Board | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
27 | Anbil Mahesh Poyyamozhi | Thiruverumbur | School Education | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
28 | Siva V. Meyyanathan | Alangudi | Environment and Pollution Control and Ex-Servicemen | 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
29 | C. V. Ganesan | Tittakudi | Labour Welfare, Population, Employment and Training, Census, Urban and Rural Employment | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days | ||
30 | Mano Thangaraj | Padmanabhapuram | Milk and Dairy Development | 11 May 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 14 days | ||
31 | T.R.B.Rajaa | Mannargudi | Industries, Investment Promotions, Commerce, Airports and State Public Sectors . | 11 May 2023 | Incumbent | 1 year, 14 days | ||
32 | M. Mathiventhan | Rasipuram | Forests | 14 December 2022 | Incumbent | 1 year, 163 days | ||
33 | N. Kayalvizhi | Dharapuram | Adi Dravidar Welfare, Hill Tribes and Bonded Labour Welfare | 7 May 2021 | Incumbent | 3 years, 18 days |
The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly consists of 234 members elected through democratic elections. The current seat of the assembly is at Fort St. George in Chennai. The first election to the assembly on the basis of universal adult suffrage was held in January 1952. [6] The legislature of Tamil Nadu was bicameral until 1986, when it was replaced by a unicameral legislature after the abolishment of Tamil Nadu Legislative Council. [7] Any bill passed by the legislature needs the assent of the governor before becoming an act.
The Madras High Court was established on 26 June 1862 and is the highest judicial authority of the state with control over all the civil and criminal courts in the state. [8] It is headed by a Chief Justice and R. Mahadevan is the current Chief Justice of the Madras High Court. [9] [10] The court is based out of Chennai and has a bench at Madurai since 2004. [11]
As per the 2011 census, Tamil Nadu had a population of 7.21 crores and is the seventh most populous state in India. [12] It covers an area of 130,058 km2 (50,216 sq mi) and is the tenth largest Indian state by area. Tamil Nadu is divided into 38 districts, each of which is administered by a District Collector, who is an officer of the Indian Administrative Service (IAS) appointed to the district by the Government of Tamil Nadu. For revenue administration, the districts are further subdivided into 87 revenue divisions administered by Revenue Divisional Officers (RDO) which comprise 310 taluks administered by Tahsildars. [13] The taluks are divided into 1349 revenue blocks called Firkas which consist of 17,680 revenue villages. [13] The local administration consists of 15 municipal corporations, 121 municipalities and 528 town panchayats in the urban and 385 panchayat unions and 12,618 village panchayats, administered by Village Administrative Officers (VAO). [14] [13] [15] Greater Chennai Corporation, established in 1688, is the second oldest in the world and Tamil Nadu was the first state to establish town panchayats as a new administrative unit. [16] [14]
The administration of the state government functions through various secretariat departments. Each department consists of secretary to the government, who is the official head of the department with the Chief secretary superintending control over the secretariat and staff. The departments have further sub-divisions which may govern various undertakings and boards. There are 43 departments of the state. [17]
The state emblem was designed in 1949 and consists of the Lion Capital of Ashoka without the bell lotus foundation and flanked on either side by an Indian flag with an image of a Gopuram or Hindu temple tower on the background. Around the rim of the seal runs an inscription in Tamil script, one at the top தமிழ் நாடு அரசு ("Tamil Nadu Arasu" which translates to "Government of Tamil Nadu") and the other at the bottom வாய்மையே வெல்லும் ("Vaymaiye Vellum" which translates to "Truth Alone Triumphs" also commonly known as "Satyameva Jayate" in Sanskrit). [18]
Animal | Bird | Butterfly | Tree | Fruit | Flower |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) | Emerald dove (Chalcophaps indica) | Tamil Yeoman (Cirrochroa thais) | Palmyra palm (Borassus flabellifer) | Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus) | Glory lily (Gloriosa superba) |
The All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam is an Indian regional political party with great influence in the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. It is a Dravidian party founded by the former chief minister of Tamil Nadu M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) at Madurai on 17 October 1972 as a breakaway faction from the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam after M. Karunanidhi expelled him from the party for demanding an account as the party treasurer. The party is adhering to the policy of socialism and secularism based on the principles of C. N. Annadurai (Anna) collectively coined as Annaism by M.G.R. The party has won a seven-time majority in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly and has emerged as the most successful political outfit in the state's history. It is currently the main opposition party in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.
Fort St. George is a fortress at the coastal city of Chennai, India. Founded in 1639, it was the first English fortress in India. The construction of the fort provided the impetus for further settlements and trading activity, in what was originally an uninhabited land. Thus, it is a feasible contention to say that the city evolved around the fortress. The fort currently houses the Tamil Nadu legislative assembly and other official buildings.
Ottakarathevar Panneerselvam, popularly known as OPS is an Indian politician who was the 6th Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu briefly in December 2016 and previously from 2001 to 2002 and again from 2014 to 2015. As finance minister, he has presented the Tamil Nadu state budget 11 times.
M. Fathima Beevi was an Indian judge who was a justice of the Supreme Court of India. Appointed to the apex Court in 1989, she became the first female judge to be a part of the Supreme Court of India, and the first Muslim woman to be appointed to any of the higher judiciaries in the country. On her retirement from the court, she served as a member of the National Human Rights Commission and later as the Governor of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu from 1997 to 2001. In 2023, she was honoured with Kerala Prabha Award, the second-highest honour given by the Government of Kerala. In the 2024 honours list, she was posthumously awarded the Padma Bhushan.
Tamil Nadu Legislative Council was the upper house of the former bicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It began its existence as Madras Legislative Council, the first provincial legislature for Madras Presidency. It was initially created as an advisory body in 1861, by the British colonial government. It was established by the Indian Councils Act 1861, enacted in the British parliament in the aftermath of the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Its role and strength were later expanded by the second Council Act of 1892. Limited election was introduced in 1909. The Council became a unicameral legislative body in 1921 and eventually the upper chamber of a bicameral legislature in 1937. After India became independent in 1947, it continued to be the upper chamber of the legislature of Madras State, one of the successor states to the Madras Presidency. It was renamed as the Tamil Nadu Legislative Council when the state was renamed as Tamil Nadu in 1969. The Council was abolished by the M. G. Ramachandran administration on 1 November 1986. In 1989, 1996 and 2010, the DMK regime headed by M. Karunanidhi tried to revive the Council. The former AIADMK regime (2016-2021) expressed its intention not to revive the council and passed a resolution in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly in this regard.
The Government of Kerala, also known as the Kerala Government, is the administrative body responsible for governing Indian state of Kerala. The government is led by a chief minister, who selects all the other ministers. The chief minister and their most senior ministers belong to the supreme decision-making committee, known as the cabinet.
The first legislative assembly Election to the Madras state based on universal adult suffrage was held in 27 March 1952. This was the first election held in Madras state after the Indian Independence. This election was officially known as the 1951 Madras State Election, even though through delays, actual voting didn't take place until early 1952.
Tamil Nadu has a parliamentary system as defined by its constitution, with power distributed between the state government and the districts.
The Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly is the unicameral legislature of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. It has a strength of 234 members, all of whom are democratically elected using the first-past-the-post system. The presiding officer of the Assembly is the Speaker. The term of the Assembly is five years, unless dissolved earlier.
Edappadi Karuppa Palaniswami, often referred to by his initials E.P.S., is an Indian politician who is the current leader of opposition in the Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly. He served as the seventh chief minister of Tamil Nadu, from 2017 to 2021. He has been the General Secretary of All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK) since 28 March 2023. Previously, Palaniswami has served as the interim general secretary (2022–23), joint co-ordinator (2017–22) and headquarters secretary (2016–22) of AIADMK.
The first legislative council election to Madras Presidency after the establishment of dyarchical system of government by the Government of India Act 1919, was held in November 1920. Indian National Congress boycotted the election due to its participation in the Non-cooperation movement. The election occurred during the early stages of non-Brahmin movement and the major issue of the election was anti-Brahminism. Justice party won the election with no significant opposition and A. Subbarayalu Reddiar became the inaugural First Minister of the presidency.
Justice S. Ashok Kumar was a judge of the Madras High Court and the Andhra Pradesh High Court in India.
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Tamil Nadu:
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Dr. Tamilisai Soundararajan is an Indian politician belongs to Bharatiya Janata Party. She served as the second Governor of Telangana, and also served as Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry from 18 February 2021 to 18 March 2024. She was the National Secretary and Tamil Nadu State Unit President of the BJP prior to this appointment.
Government of Puducherry is the union territorial government for the union territory of Puducherry, India. It is headed by the Lieutenant Governor of Puducherry. Its capital is located at Pondicherry.
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Tambaram City Municipal Corporation (TCMC) is a local government of the City of Tambaram within the Chennai Metropolitan Area of Tamil Nadu, India. It covers an area of 87.64 sq. km in the Chengalpattu district, and has an estimated 2021 population of 960,887.
The Madras High Court is a High Court in India. It has appellate jurisdiction over the state of Tamil Nadu and the union territory of Puducherry. It is located in Chennai, and is one of the oldest high courts of India along with Calcutta High Court in Kolkata and Bombay High Court in Mumbai. The Madras High Court is one of four charter high courts of colonial India established in the four Presidency Towns of Madras, Bombay, Allahabad and Calcutta by letters patent granted by Queen Victoria, dated 26 June 1862. It exercises original jurisdiction over the city of Chennai, as well as extraordinary original jurisdiction, civil and criminal, under the letters patent and special original jurisdiction for the issue of writs under the Constitution of India. Covering 107 acres, the court complex is one of the largest in the world, second only to the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom. The four-storey administrative building attracts hundreds of litigants every day.