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An associate justice of the Supreme Court of the United States is any member of the Supreme Court of the United States other than the chief justice of the United States. The number of associate justices is eight,as set by the Judiciary Act of 1869.
The chief justice of the United States is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of the United States and the highest-ranking officer of the U.S. federal judiciary. Article II,Section 2,Clause 2 of the U.S. Constitution grants plenary power to the president of the United States to nominate,and with the advice and consent of the United States Senate,appoint "Judges of the supreme Court",who serve until they resign,retire,are impeached and convicted,or die. The existence of a chief justice is explicit in Article One,Section 3,Clause 6 which states that the chief justice shall preside on the impeachment trial of the president.
The chief justice is the presiding member of a supreme court in many countries with a justice system based on English common law,such as the High Court of Australia,the Supreme Court of Canada,the Supreme Court of Ghana,the Court of Final Appeal of Hong Kong,the Supreme Court of India,the Supreme Court of Ireland,the Supreme Court of Japan,the Supreme Court of Nepal,the Supreme Court of New Zealand,the Supreme Court of Nigeria,the Supreme Court of Pakistan,the Supreme Court of the Philippines,the Supreme Court of Singapore,the Supreme Court of the United States,and provincial or state supreme courts/high courts.
The chief justice of India is the chief judge of the Supreme Court of India as well as the highest-ranking officer of the Indian federal judiciary. The Constitution of India grants power to the president of India to appoint,in consultation with the outgoing chief justice,the next chief justice,who will serve until they reach the age of sixty-five or are removed by impeachment. As per convention,the name suggested by the incumbent chief justice is almost always the next senior most judge in the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the Philippines. The Supreme Court was established by the Second Philippine Commission on June 11,1901 through the enactment of its Act No. 136,an Act which abolished the Real Audiencia de Manila,the predecessor of the Supreme Court.
A supreme court is the highest court within the hierarchy of courts in many legal jurisdictions. Other descriptions for such courts include court of last resort,apex court,and highcourt of appeal. Broadly speaking,the decisions of a supreme court are not subject to further review by any other court. Supreme courts typically function primarily as appellate courts,hearing appeals from decisions of lower trial courts,or from intermediate-level appellate courts.
The Supreme Court of the Republic of Indonesia is the independent judicial arm of the state. It maintains a system of courts and sits above the other courts and is the final court of appeal. It can also re-examine cases if new evidence emerges.
The Judiciary of Indonesia constitutionally consists of the Supreme Court of Indonesia,the Constitutional Court of Indonesia,and the lesser court system under the Supreme Court. These lesser courts are categorically subdivided into the public courts,religious courts,state administrative courts,and military courts.
The Constitutional Court of the Republic of Indonesia is one of the apex courts in Indonesia along with the Indonesian Supreme Court. Its primary role is reviewing the constitutionality of statutes (undang-undang). It also has other functions,including resolving disputes over the powers of state institutions,settling disputes over the results of general elections,deciding on the dissolution of political parties,and supervising impeachment. The last two functions have never been exercised by the Court.
The Supreme Court,located in Khartoum,is the highest judicial authority in Sudan,apart from the Constitutional Court,which under Article 30 of the August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration,is to be "an independent court,separate from the judicial authority." Nemat Abdullah Khair was appointed as Chief Justice of Sudan,thus becoming the President of the Supreme Court,on 10 October 2019.
Sulaiman Effendi Kusumah Atmaja was an Indonesian judge and national hero who served as the first chief justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia from August 1945 until August 1952. He was born to a noble ethnic-Sundanese family in Purwakarta,and obtained a law diploma from the Rechtschool in 1913. In 1919,he worked as a court clerk in Bandung,before leaving that job to continue his legal education at Leiden University. After graduating from Leiden in 1922,he returned to the East Indies,and became a judge in Batavia and later Indramayu.
Muhammad Hatta Ali is the thirteenth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia.
Suryadi was a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia,as well as the first chairman of the Indonesian Judges Association.
The Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia is the head of the Supreme Court of Indonesia.
The Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia refers to two separate positions on the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Both are elected from the existing members of the court as is the case with the higher ranking Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia.
The Deputy Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia is the second highest-ranking official serving on the Constitutional Court of Indonesia. Like the Chief Justice of the Constitutional Court of Indonesia,the Deputy Chief Justice is elected by the nine serving justices on the court from among their number.
Mujono (1927–1984) was the sixth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia as well as the 16th Minister of Law and Human Rights. His appointment to both posts began a line of former military officials predominating in Indonesia's legal system.
Muhammad Syarifuddin is an Indonesian jurist who serves as the 14th and current Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia since 30 April 2020. He also serves as the Deputy Chief Justice of the Supreme Court Indonesia for judicial affairs,and previously served as the Supreme Court's head of supervision.
Sarwata was the tenth Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Indonesia. Sarwata led an investigation by the Supreme Court into allegations of its own wrongdoing in 1996,during which his panel found no evidence of such wrongdoing. His promotion as Chief Justice thereafter was seen as a victory for the Court's old elite. He was the first Chief Justice of Indonesia to be openly accused of corruption.
References
- ↑ Ina Parlina, Court election plagued with money politics. The Jakarta Post, 7 February 2012. Accessed 19 May 2016.
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