In the United States, an honor society is an organization that recognizes individuals who excel in various domains such as academics, leadership, and other personal achievements, not all of which are based on ranking systems. These societies acknowledge excellence among peers in diverse fields and circumstances. The Order of the Arrow, for example, is the National Honor Society of the Boy Scouts of America. While the term commonly refers to scholastic honor societies, which primarily acknowledge students who excel academically or as leaders among their peers, it also applies to other types of societies.
The origins of honor societies in the United States can be traced back to the establishment of Phi Beta Kappa in 1776 at the College of William and Mary, which began as a debating society and did not initially impose grade point average (GPA) restrictions for membership. [1] [2]
Many honor societies invite students to become members based on the scholastic rank (the top x% of a class) and/or grade point averages, either overall or for classes taken within the discipline for which the honor society provides recognition. In cases where academic achievement would not be an appropriate criterion for membership, other standards are usually required for membership (such as completion of a particular ceremony or training program). Scholastic honor societies commonly add a criterion relating to the student's character. Most honor societies are invitation-only, and membership in an honor society might be considered exclusive, i.e., a member of such an organization cannot join other honor societies representing the same field.
Many honor societies are referred to by their membership or by non-members as fraternities and sororities. Honor societies exist at the high school, collegiate/university, postgraduate, and professional levels, although university honor societies are by far the most prevalent. In the United States, the oldest academic society, Phi Beta Kappa, was founded as a social and literary fraternity in 1776. Other honor societies were established a century later, including Tau Beta Pi for engineering (1885), Sigma Xi for scientific research (1886), and Phi Kappa Phi for all disciplines (1897). Mortar Board was established in 1918 and was the first national honor society for women who were college seniors.
During the era of honor society expansion in the early 20th century, these organizations were generally supportive of cultural changes that challenged racism, classism, and sexism. Like other aspects of academia, honor society integration and diversity grew with the expansion of an increasingly multicultural and co-educational student body. There were some holdouts, but academia in general, and its honor societies as a reflection, were on the vanguard of change. Several Jewish-only organizations merged into (or absorbed) formerly Christian-exclusive societies. Title IX forced most single-sex societies to admit women, though many had already opted to embrace this change. [lower-alpha 1] Racial barriers, where they existed, were challenged and retired, with any holdouts subject to significant criticism. [3] [4] [5] The presence of these holdovers and the demise of those that exhibited overt racism offer an opportunity for a critical reassessment of the criteria and culture within honor societies. [6]
While changes sparked from within these societies were prevalent between the massive influx of students after World War II and before and after the adoption of Title IX, additionally, the demand for recognition of racially diverse scholars spurred the 2005 founding of the Bouchet Graduate Honor Society by Yale University and Howard University. Rather than adopting the traditional tapping to identify top students from a given academic class based on merit, a distinct aspect of this society's nomination process is its focus on self-nominations. [lower-alpha 2] A Ph.D. or Ph.D. track is required, among other qualifications. [7] [8] [9] [10] Modern honor societies are increasingly focused on creating supportive environments that promote the academic and personal development of all scholars, especially those from traditionally underrepresented groups. [11] [12] This evolution reflects a broader movement within academic institutions towards a more equitable and comprehensive recognition of student excellence. [13] [14] [15]
Academic robes and regalia identifying by color the degree, school, and other distinctions, are controlled under rules of a voluntary Intercollegiate Code. In addition, various colored devices such as stoles, scarves, cords, tassels, and medallions are used to indicate membership in a student's honor society. Of these, cords and mortarboard tassels are most often used to indicate membership. Most institutions allow honor cords, tassels, and/or medallions for honor society members. Stoles are less common, but they are available for a few honor societies. Virtually all, if not all honor societies have chosen such colors and may sell these items of accessory regalia as a service or fundraiser.
The Honor Society Caucus and Association of College Honor Societies (ACHS) are two voluntary associations for national collegiate and post-graduate honor societies. [16] ACHS formed in 1925 to establish and maintain desirable standards for honor societies. [16] Later, four prestigious founding members of ACHS established the Honor Society Caucus, expressing that the ACHS had diluted and lost sight of the mission of its founding members. [17] [18] While ACHS membership is a certification that the member societies meet these standards, not all legitimate honor societies apply for membership in ACHS. [19] [16]
Notable national and international honor societies based in or at schools include the following:
General collegiate societies are open to all academic disciplines, although they may have other affinity requirements. Leadership societies recognize leadership, with a multi-disciplinary scholarship component.
Society | Symbols | Emphasis | Colors |
---|---|---|---|
Alpha Chi | ΑΧ | General | Emerald Green and Sapphire blue |
Alpha Kappa Mu | ΑΚΜ | General | Royal blue and White |
Alpha Lambda Delta | ΑΛΔ | General, Freshman | Maroon and Gold |
Alpha Sigma Lambda | ΑΣΛ | Genral, Non-traditional students | Burgundy and Gold |
Alpha Sigma Nu | ΑΣΝ | General, scholarship and service at Jesuit institutions of higher education | Maroon Gold |
Bouchet Graduate Honor Society | General, Doctoral and Post-Doctoral | ||
Chi Alpha Sigma | ΧΑΣ | General, student athletes | Gold and Black |
Delta Alpha Pi | ΔΑΠ | General, students with disabilities | Royal blue and Gold |
Delta Epsilon Sigma | ΔΕΣ | General at traditionally Catholic colleges | Black and Gold |
Delta Epsilon Tau | ΔΕΤ | General, Distance Education Accrediting Commission institutions [20] | |
Epsilon Tau Pi | ΕΤΠ | General, Eagle Scouts | White, Red, Blue, and Black |
Golden Key International Honour Society | General | Navy Blue, Gold, and | |
Ku Klux Klan (defunct) | Interfraternity leadership, Juniors | Black | |
Lambda Sigma | ΛΣ | Scholarship, leadership, and service | Blue and Gold |
Mortar Board | General, Seniors | Gold and Silver | |
National Residence Hall Honorary | Residence hall leadership and service | Blue and White | |
National Society of Collegiate Scholars | Leadership, scholarship, and service | Purple and Gold | |
Omicron Delta Kappa | ΟΔΚ | Leadership and scholarship, upperclassmen and graduate students | Sky blue, White, and Black |
Order of Omega | General, fraternities and sororities | Ivory and Gold | |
Phi Beta Kappa | ΦΒΚ | Arts and sciences, undergraduate | Pink and Sky blue |
Phi Eta Sigma | ΦΗΣ | General, freshman | Gold and Black |
Phi Kappa Phi | ΦΚΦ | General | Blue and Gold |
Phi Sigma Pi | ΦΣΠ | General | Purple and Gold |
Phi Tau Phi | ΦΤΦ | General | |
SALUTE Veterans National Honor Society | General, veterans and active military [21] | ||
Scabbard and Blade | General, ROTC. JROTC. and midshipmen | Red, White, and Blue | |
Sigma Alpha Lambda | ΣΑΛ | Leadership and scholarship | Navy, Black, and |
Tau Sigma | ΤΣ | General, transfer students | Burgundy and Gold |
Tu–Mas (defunct) | Interfraternity leadership, Juniors | Black |
These societies are open to Humanities disciplines and may be department-specific.
These societies are open to social science disciplines and may be department-specific.
These societies are open to students in the science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines and may be department-specific. This section also includes all healthcare-related fields, including veterinary science.
Some universities have their own independent, open honor societies, which are not affiliated with any national or international organization. Such organizations typically recognize students who have succeeded academically irrespective of their field of study.
Society | Symbols | Emphasis | Colors |
---|---|---|---|
Alpha Beta Kappa | ΑΒΚ | Private Certificate, Vocational and Trade Schools | Red and Blue |
Alpha Beta Gamma | ΑΒΓ | Business at two-year colleges | Black and Red |
Alpha Gamma Sigma | ΑΓΣ | California community colleges | |
Delta Psi Omega | ΔΨΩ | Theatre at two-year colleges | Moonlight Blue and Bastard Amber [lower-alpha 3] |
Epsilon Phi Delta | ΕΦΔ | German at two-year colleges | |
Kappa Beta Delta | ΚΒΔ | Business at community colleges | |
La Sociedad Honoraria de la Lengua Española | Spanish at two-year colleges | Red and Gold | |
Mu Alpha Theta | ΜΑΘ | Mathematics at two-year colleges | Turquoise blue and Gold |
National Technical Honor Society | Workforce vocational education institutions | Purple, Silver, and White | |
Phi Rho Pi | ΦΡΠ | Forensics at two-year colleges | |
Phi Theta Kappa | ΦΘΚ | General, community and junior colleges | Blue and Gold |
Psi Beta | ΨΒ | Psychology at two-year colleges | Royal blue and Gold |
Sigma Kappa Delta | ΣΚΔ | English at community and junior colleges | Green and Gold |
Commonly referred to as high school societies. This list also includes middle school societies.
Society | Symbols | Emphasis | Colors |
---|---|---|---|
Firecrafter | Boy Scouts Crossroads of America Council | ||
Order of the Arrow | Boy Scouts of America | ||
Tribe of Mic-O-Say | Boy Scouts Heart of America Council and Pony Express Council | ||
Tribe of Tahquitz | Local Boy Scout honor society |
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Alpha Sigma Phi (ΑΣΦ), commonly known as Alpha Sig, is an intercollegiate men's social fraternity with 181 active chapters and provisional chapters. Founded at Yale in 1845, it is the 10th oldest Greek letter fraternity in the United States.
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