List of ports in India

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Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India

In India, ports are categorised into major ports and non-major ports (informally called minor ports). As of 2022, there are 12 major ports and 217 non-major ports across the country. Major ports are under the administrative control of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways of the Government of India, while non-major ports fall under the jurisdiction of State Maritime Boards of respective state governments—this also includes private ports running under the public–private partnership (PPP) model. Among the 217 non-major ports, cargo is handled only at 68 ports, others are used by fishing vessels and ferries. [1] India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23. [2]

Contents

Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. [3] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagar Mala project, [4] and National Maritime Development Programme. [5]

Classification of ports

According to Constitution of India, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo. [6] Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23. [7]

Capacity

The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa. [8] The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020. [9]

Ship breaking

As of January 2020, India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target. [10] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard. [10] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit. [11]

Major ports

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Location of 12 major ports of India.

The port's under central Government of india are known as Major port and other ports in India are classified as minor ports.The following are the 12 major ports of India. [12] [13]

NameEstb. YearImageCityStateCargo handled in MTPA
(FY2022-23)
Chennai Port 1881 Port of Chennai, India - panoramio.jpg Chennai Tamil Nadu 61.23
Cochin Port 1928 Vallarpadam Container Terminal.JPG Kochi Kerala 37.34
Deendayal Port 1965 Port of Kandla.jpg Kandla Gujarat 144.32 [14]
Jawaharlal Nehru Port 1988 Jawaharlal Nehru Trust Port.jpg Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 92.37
Kamarajar Port 2001 Ennore Tamil Nadu 75
Mormugao Port 1985

Goa-Vasco 03-2016 07 view to Mormugao Harbour.jpg

Mormugao Goa 43.40
Mumbai Port 1873 Mumbai Port Trust.JPG Mumbai Maharashtra 64
New Mangalore Port 1974 New Mangalore Port.jpg Mangaluru Karnataka 78.96
Paradip Port 1966 Paradip Port.jpg Paradeep Odisha 90.23 [15]
Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port 1870 khidirpur ddk 4.jpg Kolkata West Bengal 107.77
Visakhapatnam Port 1933 Visakhapatnam seaport from Fishing harbour.jpg Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 108.68
V. O. Chidambaranar Port 1974 A view of Tuticorin Port.jpg Thoothukkudi Tamil Nadu 93.46

Non-major ports

Private ports

NameEstb. YearImageCityStateOwnership
Mundra Port 1998 Adani Mundra Port Kutch Gujarat.jpg Mundra Gujarat Adani Group
Karaikal Port 2009 Karaikal port.jpg Karaikal Puducherry Adani Group
JSW Jaigad Port 2006 Ratnagiri district Maharashtra JSW Group
Krishnapatnam Port 2008 Krishnapatnam port cranes unloadng a ship.jpg Krishnapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
JSW Dharamtar Port 2012 Alibag Maharastra JSW Group
Hazira Port 2013 Hazira Gujarat Adani Group
Dighi Port 2000 Raigad district Maharashtra Adani Group
Dhamra Port 2011 Dhamra Port.jpg Bhadrak district Odisha Adani Group
Gopalpur port 2013 Gopalpur Port.jpg Chhatrapur Odisha Shapoorji Pallonji Group
Gangavaram Port 2009 Gangavaram View.jpg Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
Kattupalli Port 2012 Kattupalli Tamil Nadu Adani Group
Dahej Port 2010 Bharuch district Gujarat Adani Group
Kakinada Port 1999 Far view of Kakinada port from Beach.jpg East Godavari Andhra Pradesh Aurobindo Group
Tuna Port 2022 [16] Tuna Gujarat Adani Group
APM Terminals Pipavav 2002 Berth portpipavav.JPG Pipavav Gujarat Maersk

See also

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visakhapatnam Port</span> Port in India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kollam Port</span> Port in India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vijaydurg Port</span> Port in India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharatmala</span> Indian highway and expressway construction project

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Haldia Port</span> Port in India

The Haldia Port, officially Haldia Dock Complex (HDC), is a port on the confluence of the Haldi River and the Hooghly River. The port is located at Haldia in West Bengal, about 130 kilometres (81 mi) from the sandheads–deep sea area of the Bay of Bengal, 45 kilometres (28 mi) upstream from Pilotage Station at Sagar and 104 km downstream of Kolkata. In 1968, an oil jetty was commissioned at Haldia, and officially in 1977 the port facility of Haldia started functioning as a subsidiary port of the Port of Kolkata under the name Haldia Dock Complex.

Water transport in India has played a significant role in the country's economy and is indispensable to foreign trade. India is endowed with an extensive network of waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks and a long coastline accessible through the seas and oceans. It has the largest carrying capacity of any form of transport and is most suitable for carrying bulky goods over long distances.

Mormugao Port is a port on the western coast of India, in the coastal state of Goa. Commissioned in 1885 on the site of a natural harbour, it is one of India's oldest ports. The port employs around 2,600 employees and has about 4,000 pensioners.

Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) is a government agency of the Government of Gujarat, a state of India. It was founded in 1982 to control, manage and operate the minor ports of Gujarat.

References

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  10. 1 2 India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  11. Sucheth, P R (26 May 2014). "Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
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  14. "DPA Kandla highlights Major achievements of FY 2022-23 during Annual Press Meet - India Shipping News". 6 April 2023.
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  16. "Union Cabinet decision: Kutch to get 2 new port terminals at Rs 5,963 crore". 13 October 2022.