Model Congress

Last updated

Model Congress gives students a chance to engage in a role-playing simulation of the United States Congress. Such events are hosted by the Congress itself, [1] Rutgers University, American International College, University of Maryland, Columbia University, Princeton University, the University of Pennsylvania, Yale University, The College of William and Mary, Harvard, Maggie L. Walker Governor's School, Hamburg Area High School (Hamburg, Pennsylvania), and Northgate High school (Walnut Creek, California).

Contents

These simulations range in complexity from the government-sponsored Model United States House of Representatives, hosted on Capitol Hill and featuring six Congressional committees to Harvard's simulation featuring both the House and Senate, various committees therein, the Supreme Court, and offshoots in San Francisco, Europe, [2] the Middle East [3] and Asia. [4] North Carolina has a program similar to Model Congress called North Carolina Youth Legislative Assembly, and Arkansas has one called the Arkansas Student Congress on Human Relations. The mock assembly models the North Carolina General Assembly and Arkansas General Assembly but also uses parliamentary procedure based on Robert's Rules of Order . [5] [6]

Awards are available for outstanding delegates, both in committee and in full session. Often, debaters call winning the highest award in a committee or full session "gaveling", and some exceptionally skilled debaters may "double gavel", or win the top award in both committee and full sessions.

American International College's Model Congress Program is the longest-running program of its kind in the United States.

The University of Pennsylvania hosted an intercollegiate Model Congress conference on November 6–7, 2010. Yale University soon followed with a conference on April 23, 2011. The circuit is gradually expanding. World Youth Model Congress, organized by college and high school students from South Korea, is the first of its kind to be held in North-East Asia.

High schools

History

In 1887, Shortridge High School's "Senate", a model congress featuring only one house, was founded by Laura Donnan. [7] In it, students took the roles of real senators to debate the issues of their time. A majority of the Senators were young women, and the Senate gave them a way to participate in the political world which would normally be closed to them. [8] Unfortunately, the club closed with the school in 1981.[ citation needed ]

The New Rochelle High School Model Congress Club is the longest running high school level model congress in the country. Model Congress originated at New Rochelle High School in 1964 when faculty advisor William P. Clarke sought an extracurricular outlet for bright students not engaged in sports. [9] Richard Nixon was the guest speaker at the club's first mock presidential convention in 1964. Congressman Jamaal Bowman spoke briefly at the club's 58th annual conference at New Rochelle High School in 2022. [9]

New York

Certain High Schools in New York, specifically the Nassau County and Westchester County areas, participate in a competitive debate league known as United Model Congress (UMC). These nine schools get together 8 times during the school year and debate over various pieces of mock legislation just as an actual legislative body would. The schools involved (also known as delegations) are:

Wantagh and Seaford are one delegation known as Tri-Delegation, or "Tri-D" for short. Former members of this delegation are J.F. Kennedy and W.C. Mepham high schools of Bellmore-Merrick, and Gen. MacArthur high school of Levittown.

In March 2020, monthly foreign congresses were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The first congress to occur since the onset of the pandemic was Tri-D XXX, hosted by Wantagh High School on January 15, 2022.

Many high schools will often attend national model congress competitions at universities such as the University of Pennsylvania and Harvard University.

Students in the Model Congress Club at Maggie L. Walker Governor's School established an annual Model Congress conference known as Walker Model Congress. The first conference was in 2012 and has hosted several hundred delegates from high schools and middle schools nationwide. It is entirely student-led and run with a staff of approximately 100 people. [10]

Choate Rosemary Hall in Wallingford, Connecticut commenced its 39th Model Congress on November 7, 2012 for students in its American Political Institutions course. [11]

In addition to the aforementioned high schools, there are many more that compete in the annual competitions at various universities across the nation. Some of these schools include:

Intercollegiate

For many years, Model Congress was only limited to high school students to participate. In November 2010, the University of Pennsylvania hosted the first ever intercollegiate conference, followed by a conference by Yale University in April 2011. Penn and Yale followed with second conferences in 2011-2012, along with Columbia University and Trinity College. The intercollegiate circuit uses the same general rules as high school competitions held by host schools and is rapidly expanding as high school students seek an outlet to continue their participation in Model Congress while in college in ways other than hosting conferences for high school students.

Online

Some iterations of a Model Congress exist online, such as on the website Reddit. Similar model governments exist on the service Discord.

Several House of Commons and historical versions of the United States Government also exist online, particularly on Reddit and Discord.

Model United States Senate

Model United States Senate (MUSS) is a student event intended to simulate the legislative process of the United States Senate. Various educational bodies organize MUSS events.

Floyd M. Riddick Model United States Senate at Stetson University

Stetson University hosts the United States' first and oldest college-level Model United States Senate program annually in Spring. Founded in 1971 by Dr. T. Wayne Bailey, political science professor, and then-political science student John Fraser, Stetson University's Floyd M. Riddick Model U.S. Senate is the nation's oldest collegiate-level Model Senate. Each year, students from colleges and universities around the nation gather at Stetson University for this three-day event. The F.M.R. Model U.S. Senate reproduces the actual procedures and activities of the United States Senate in an effort to provide experience and education for the student participants. Each student is assigned a Senator in one of five legislative committees (Armed Services, Foreign Relations, HELP, EPW or Judiciary) and is responsible for researching a variety of bills, crafting appropriate amendments and portraying the assigned senator as accurately as possible. In addition, the Model Senate attracts national speakers and lecturers, including former and sitting United States Senators. In addition, in 2013 the Model Senate Program introduced a journalism program that allows students to live report about the event as well as play the role of real journalists and report on the Model Senate. [12]

DoDDS-Europe MUSS

A conference held in Wiesbaden, Germany every April for 4 days for high school students from all over DODDS Europe participate to simulate the United States Senate, lobby, pass bills, and generally learn about the legislative process that takes place in the United States Senate.

US Senate Seal Seal of the United States Senate.svg
US Senate Seal

DoDDS-Europe MUSS is organized cooperatively by the teacher board and the appointed student board. The student board is typically composed of six students from six different schools. These six students and the teachers' advisory board usually meet in December to organize most of the conference including creating the theme, designing and ordering T-shirts, pens, folders, etc, setting debate topics and suggesting changes to the conference.

Every participating team and their coach is expected to arrive at the conference location at a specified time, most of the time between 8-10 pm. As the senators and lobbyists arrive they are told the time frame in which they are expected to lobby. Lobbyist represent interest groups, government agencies or any organization that wishes to push for a specific act or bill.

Goucher College Model United States Senate

A group of political science majors at Goucher College created the U.S. Model Senate program as an educational tool to improve high school students’ understanding of the legislative process in the American government and to encourage their political engagement. The current President of this club is William Jenkins. Each student will be assigned to play the role of a real U.S. Senator and will participate in a two-day model senate conference. Over these two days, students will participate in floor sessions, introduce legislation, mark up legislation in committee, and attend party caucuses. They will get a sense of what it is like to be a U.S. Senator and leave with a better understanding of the country's legislative system. [13]

Other MUSS events

The Bridgewater State College Model United States Senate for High School. [14]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Model United Nations</span> Model debates of the United Nations (MUN/MODEL UN)

Model United Nations, also known as Model UN or MUN, is an educational model of the United Nations used for simulations in which students learn about diplomacy and international relations. At a MUN conference, each student works as the representative of a country, organization, or person, and must solve a problem with other delegates from around the world.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stetson University</span> Private university in DeLand, Florida, US

Stetson University is a private institution located in Central Florida, along the I–4 corridor. Established in 1883 as DeLand Academy, it was later renamed John B. Stetson University in honor of a generous donor. The university's main campus in DeLand spans 175 acres and boasts Florida's oldest collection of education-related buildings, including DeLand Hall, the state's longest-standing building used for higher education.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">YMCA Youth and Government</span>

YMCA Youth and Government (YaG), also known as Youth In Government, or Model Legislature and Court, is a program of the YMCA of the USA that allows middle and high school students to serve in model governments at the local, state, national, and international levels.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">American Whig–Cliosophic Society</span> Political, literary, and debating society at Princeton University

The American Whig–Cliosophic Society, sometimes abbreviated as Whig-Clio, is a political, literary, and debating society at Princeton University and the oldest debate union in the United States. Its precursors, the American Whig Society and the Cliosophic Society, were founded at Princeton in 1769 and 1765.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mock trial</span> Simulation of court hearings

A mock trial is an act or imitation trial. It is similar to a moot court, but mock trials simulate lower-court trials, while moot court simulates appellate court hearings. Attorneys preparing for a real trial might use a mock trial consisting of volunteers as role players to test theories or experiment with each other. Mock trial is also the name of an extracurricular program in which students participate in rehearsed trials to learn about the legal system in a competitive manner. Interscholastic mock trials take place on all levels including primary school, middle school, high school, college, and law school. Mock trial is often taught in conjunction with a course in trial advocacy or takes place as an after school enrichment activity. Some gifted and talented programs may also take place in one.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Junior State of America</span> American non-partisan youth organization

The Junior State of America, abbreviated JSA, is an American non-partisan youth organization. The purpose of JSA is to help high school students acquire leadership skills and the knowledge necessary to be effective debaters and civic participants. JSA is sponsored by the Junior State of America Foundation Inc., which also operates the JSA Summer Schools.

The American Legion Boys State and American Legion Auxiliary Girls State are summer leadership and citizenship programs for high school juniors, which focus on exploring the mechanics of American government and politics. The programs are sponsored by the American Legion (AL) and the American Legion Auxiliary (ALA) respectively. Boys and girls are usually nominated by their high school during their junior year. Boys and Girls State programs both began in 1937 and are held in each of the U.S. states, usually at a college within that state. There is also a coed Boys/Girls State session held in Washington, D.C. In general, male and female programs are held separately, but at least nine states—Georgia, Nebraska, Oregon, California, Louisiana, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Missouri—host Boys and Girls State on the same campus on the same week.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edward O. Wolcott</span> American lawyer and politician (1848–1905)

Edward Oliver Wolcott was an American politician during the 1890s, who served for 12 years as a Senator from the state of Colorado.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harvard Model Congress</span>

Harvard Model Congress (HMC) is a congressional simulation conference that provides American high schools and students abroad to experience the American government firsthand. HMC is run entirely by Harvard undergraduates; it is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization operated independently of the university.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Frederick A. Sawyer</span> American politician

Frederick Adolphus Sawyer was a United States senator from South Carolina. Born in Bolton, Massachusetts, he attended the public schools, graduated from Harvard University in 1844, taught school in New England from 1844 to 1859, and took charge of the state's normal school at Charleston, South Carolina in 1859. He returned to the North during the Civil War, and returned to Charleston in February 1865 where he was active in advancing Reconstruction measures. On the night of April 14, 1865, Sawyer was at Ford's Theater in Washington, D.C., and witnessed the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln. He was appointed collector of internal revenue in the second South Carolina district in 1865, and upon the readmission of the State of South Carolina to representation, Sawyer was elected as a Republican to the U.S. Senate, serving from July 16, 1868, to March 4, 1873. While in the Senate, he was chairman of the Committee on Education and a member of the Committee on Education and Labor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ivy Council</span> American non-profit organization

The Ivy Council is a non-profit organization of Ivy League student government leaders, student organization leaders, and students at-large. The Ivy Council was established in 1990 by members of the Ivy League student governments in order to facilitate effective communication between the student governments of their respective institutions and to provide a unified voice for the Ivy League student governments. On its 30th anniversary, the organization was restructured and expanded its focus beyond the eight Ivy League universities to better serve its new mission statement.

Holy Cross High School is a private, Roman Catholic high school in Covington, Kentucky. It is located in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Covington. The mascot is the Indians. The current principal is Mr. Mike Holtz

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Harvard International Relations Council</span> Non-profit organization

The Harvard International Relations Council(HIRC) is a non-profit organization that seeks to promote awareness of international relations based out of Harvard University. As several semi-independent but centrally funded programs, the IRC focuses on a number of different outreach areas in an attempt to engage and inform people on international issues and policy-making. Programs within the IRC include:

The Close Up Foundation is a nonprofit, nonpartisan civic education organization in Washington, D.C. Established in 1971, Close Up offers programming to educate and encourage young people to participate in their civic affairs and government. About 850,000 students and teachers have participated in its programs.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Student governments in the United States</span> American organizations representing high school or college students

Student governments in the United States exist in both secondary and higher education. At the collegiate level, the most common name is Student Government, according to the American Student Government Association's database of all student governments throughout the United States. The next most common name is the student government association. Other names are student senate, associated students, or less commonly students' union. There was one instance of a government of the student body, at Iowa State University. At Yale University, the undergraduate student government is known as the Yale College Council. High school student governments usually are known as Student Council.

The University of Virginia Center for Politics (CfP) is a nonpartisan institute at the University of Virginia. Based in Charlottesville, Virginia, the institute promotes the value of politics and the importance of civic engagement. It operates on the principle that 'government works better when politics works better, and politics works better when citizens are informed and involved participants'.

Yale Model Congress (YMC) is an entirely student-run Model Congress association. Founded in 1993, it is the second oldest conference of its kind in the Ivy League, after Harvard Model Congress, which was founded in 1986. Every year, it brings hundreds of delegates to Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut to simulate the United States Congress.

Thomas Patrick Foley has served as a Belfast peace and justice advocate, state and federal government official, political candidate, state NGO chief executive, and college president. He currently serves as president of the Association of Independent Colleges and Universities in Pennsylvania.

Model United Nations is a popular extracurricular activity for middle school, high school, and college students in the United States. The U.S. was where Model UN originated and was popularized, and is also where many of the world's most respected conferences are held. The U.S. has several regional centers of Model UN, each with its own distinct style.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Page (assistance occupation)</span> Attendant or servant

A page is an occupation in some professional capacity. Unlike traditional pages, who are normally younger males, these pages tend to be older and can be either male or female.

References

  1. "Model Congress". Archived from the original on 2009-01-30. Retrieved 2020-04-06.
  2. Harvard Model Congress Europe.
  3. Harvard Model Congress Middle East
  4. Harvard Model Congress Asia.
  5. "Youth Legislative Assembly (YLA)". www.doa.nc.gov. North Carolina Youth Advocacy and Involvement Office. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
  6. "2015 Revised Student Congress Bylaws". www.actaa.net. Arkansas Communication and Theatre Arts Association. Retrieved 2016-01-03.
  7. The Citizen. George Junior Republic. 1911.
  8. Histories of social studies and race : 1865-2000. Woyshner, Christine A., Bohan, Chara Haeussler, 1966-. New York, NY: Palgrave Macmillan. 2012. ISBN   9781137007544. OCLC   768167247.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link)
  9. 1 2 Carley, Jeanne M. (March 18, 1979). "Model Congress to Meet Friday". The New York Times. Retrieved May 20, 2010.
  10. "Home". walkermodelcongress.weebly.com.
  11. "API Hosts 39th Annual Model Congress". Archived from the original on 2013-03-12. Retrieved 2013-03-28.
  12. "Model Senate - Stetson University". Archived from the original on 2009-02-11. Retrieved 2008-10-23.
  13. "Goucher College Model Senate | A program designed for Baltimore-area high school students".
  14. "Bridgewater State College Model United States Senate for High School Students". Archived from the original on 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2018-07-09.