Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament,which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Jacques Hugues Sylla was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 to January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the National Assembly of Madagascar from October 2007 to March 2009.
Albert Zafy was a Malagasy politician and educator who served as the fourth President of Madagascar from 1993 to 1996. In 1988,he founded the National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD).
Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was the third President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and the fifth from 1997 to 2002. At the time of his death,he was the longest-serving President of Madagascar.
Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixteenth Prime Minister of Madagascar and acting President of Madagascar from 1996 to 1997.
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 3 December 2006. President Marc Ravalomanana,in office since he prevailed in a dispute over election results in 2002,ran for re-election. On 9 December,Ravalomanana was declared to have won in the first round with 55% of the vote.
Pierrot Jocelyn Rajaonarivelo is a Malagasy politician who served in the government of Madagascar as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2011 to 2013. He previously served as Deputy Prime Minister from 1997 to 2002,under President Didier Ratsiraka,and he was also National Secretary of the AREMA party at that time. He went into exile when Ratsiraka was ousted in 2002,and he was subsequently convicted of abuse of office in absentia. He was seen by many as the main potential challenger to President Marc Ravalomanana in the December 2006 presidential election;however,he was barred from standing.
Ny Hasina Andriamanjato is a Malagasy politician who served in the government of Madagascar as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2009 to 2010.
Manandafy Rakotonirina was a Malagasy politician. He had been a significant political figure in Madagascar since the 1970s,and in April 2009 he was appointed as Prime Minister by ousted President Marc Ravalomanana.
Monja Jaona was a Malagasy politician and early nationalist who significantly drove political events on the island during his lifetime. He was a member of Jiny,a militant nationalist group formed in southern Madagascar in the 1940s that sided with MDRM during the ultimately unsuccessful Malagasy Uprising of 1947 against French rule. The colonial government imprisoned him from 1946 to 1950 for his affiliation with Jiny. He formed the Madagascar for the Malagasy (MONIMA) party in 1958 and successfully campaigned for the seat of mayor in Toliara,a position he held from 1959 to 1961. He came to view president Philibert Tsiranana and his Social Democratic Party (PSD) supporters as unduly favorable to continued French interests on the island after independence in 1960. Jaona instigated the 1971–72 rotaka farmer and student protests that successfully forced Tsiranana's resignation.
Cécile Manorohanta is a Malagasy politician serving in the government of Madagascar as deputy prime minister for the interior since 2009. Previously she was Minister of Defense from 2007 to 2009.
Guy Rajemison Rakotomaharo is a Malagasy politician who was appointed as vice-president of Madagascar in September 2009. Previously he was President of the Senate of Madagascar from 2002 to 2008 and Permanent Representative to the United Nations Office at Geneva beginning in 2008.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy-French politician and businessman who has served as president of Madagascar since 2023. He previously served as president from 2019 to 2023,and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup,having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena,Rajoelina was involved in the private sector,including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
The 2009 Malagasy political crisis began on 26 January 2009 with the political opposition movement led by Antananarivo mayor Andry Rajoelina,which sought to oust President Marc Ravalomanana from the presidency. The crisis reached its climax in the 2009 Malagasy coup d'état when Andry Rajoelina was declared the president of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar on 21 March 2009,five days after Ravalomanana transferred his power to a military council and fled to South Africa.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17,2009,as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina,who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military,which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
Benja Razafimahaleo is a Malagasy politician who served as Minister of Finance in the government of Madagascar from March 2009 to September 2009.
Eugène Régis Mangalaza is a Malagasy political figure who was appointed as Prime Minister of Madagascar on 10 October 2009 under the terms of an agreement intended to resolve the 2009 political crisis.
Brigadier General Albert Camille Vital is a Malagasy Army officer,politician and civil engineer who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2009 to 2011 after the 2009 Coup d'Etat. He is the president of the Parti Hiaraka Isika.
Presidential elections were held in Madagascar on 7 November. As no candidate received a majority of the vote,a second round involving the top two candidates,Andry Rajoelina and Marc Ravalomanana,was held on 19 December. On 27 December Rajoelina was announced as the winner with 56% of the vote.
Presidential elections were scheduled to be held in Madagascar on 9 November 2023,with a second round on 20 December if required. On 12 October 2023,it was announced that the election would be postponed by one week to 16 November because of pre-election unrest.
Malagasy