Politics of Madagascar takes place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic,with a pluralist multi-party system. The President of Madagascar is head of state and the Prime Minister of Madagascar is head of government. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legislative power is vested in both the government and the bicameral parliament,which is composed of the Senate and the National Assembly. The Judiciary is independent of the executive and the legislature.
Marc Ravalomanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixth President of Madagascar from 2002 to 2009. Born into a farming Merina family in Imerinkasinina,near the capital city of Antananarivo,Ravalomanana first rose to prominence as the founder and CEO of the vast dairy conglomerate TIKO,later launching successful wholesaler MAGRO and several additional companies.
Jacques Hugues Sylla was a Malagasy politician. He was the Prime Minister of Madagascar under President Marc Ravalomanana from February 2002 to January 2007. He subsequently served as the President of the National Assembly of Madagascar from October 2007 to March 2009.
Albert Zafy was a Malagasy politician and educator who served as the fourth President of Madagascar from 1993 to 1996. In 1988,he founded the National Union for Democracy and Development (UNDD).
Didier Ignace Ratsiraka was a Malagasy politician and naval officer who was the third President of Madagascar from 1975 to 1993 and the fifth from 1997 to 2002. At the time of his death,he was the longest-serving President of Madagascar.
Norbert Lala Ratsirahonana is a Malagasy politician who served as the sixteenth Prime Minister of Madagascar and acting President of Madagascar from 1996 to 1997.
Jean Lahiniriko is a Malagasy politician. He served in the government of Madagascar as Minister of Public Works from 2002 to 2003 and was president of the National Assembly of Madagascar from 2003 to 2006. Subsequently he was the second place candidate in the 2006 presidential election. He is now the president of the Socialist and Democratic Party for the Unity of Madagascar (PSDUM) and a member of the High Transitional Authority under President Andry Rajoelina.
Andry Nirina Rajoelina is a Malagasy-French politician and businessman who has served as president of Madagascar since 2023. He previously served as president from 2019 to 2023,and was president of a provisional government from 2009 to 2014 following a political crisis and military-backed coup,having held the office of Mayor of Antananarivo for one year prior. Before entering the political arena,Rajoelina was involved in the private sector,including a printing and advertising company called Injet in 1999 and the Viva radio and television networks in 2007.
The 2009 Malagasy political crisis began on 26 January 2009 with the political opposition movement led by Antananarivo mayor Andry Rajoelina,which sought to oust President Marc Ravalomanana from the presidency. The crisis reached its climax in the 2009 Malagasy coup d'état when Andry Rajoelina was declared the president of the High Transitional Authority of Madagascar on 21 March 2009,five days after Ravalomanana transferred his power to a military council and fled to South Africa.
Monja Roindefo Zafitsimivalo is a Malagasy politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from March 2009 to October 2009. He was appointed on 7 February 2009 by opposition leader Andry Rajoelina at the head of Rajoelina's rival government;later,on 17 March,Andry Rajoelina was installed in power by the military,and Monja Roindefo officially took over as Prime Minister.
The High Transitional Authority was a provisional executive body that came to power in Madagascar following the coup that forced Marc Ravalomanana to leave the country on March 17,2009,as a result of the 2009 Malagasy protests. It was headed by Andry Rajoelina,who appointed members to the body weeks prior to the handing of executive authority from Ravalomanana to the military,which subsequently gave the authority over to the High Transitional Authority.
General elections were held in Madagascar on 20 December 2013,following a first round of presidential elections on 25 October. The presidential elections in December were a runoff between Jean Louis Robinson and Hery Rajaonarimampianina,the top two candidates to emerge from the first round of voting in October. The official results of the second round were announced on 7 January 2014 with Rajaonarimampianina proclaimed the victor with nearly 54% of the vote.
Eugène Régis Mangalaza is a Malagasy political figure who was appointed as Prime Minister of Madagascar on 10 October 2009 under the terms of an agreement intended to resolve the 2009 political crisis.
Brigadier General Albert Camille Vital is a Malagasy Army officer,politician and civil engineer who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 2009 to 2011 after the 2009 Coup d'Etat. He is the president of the Parti Hiaraka Isika.
Hery Martial Rajaonarimampianina Rakotoarimanana is a Malagasy politician who served as the seventh President of Madagascar from 2014 to 2018,resigning to run for re-election.
The following lists events that happened during 2014 in Madagascar.
Lieutenant General Herilanto Raveloharison is a Malagasy magistrate,politician and military officer. He served as the Minister for Economy and Strategic Planning from April 2014,under Prime Minister Roger Kolo to June 2018 when he was succeeded by Professor Marcel Napetoke under Christian Ntsay government.
Jean Ravelonarivo is a Malagasy military officer and politician who was Prime Minister of Madagascar from 17 January 2015 to 13 April 2016.
Christine Harijaona Razanamahasoa is a Malagasy politician. She served as a Minister of Justice between 2009 and 2013,and as the president of the National Assembly of Madagascar from February till May 2014,becoming the first woman in this position. She was elected again on 16 July 2019.
Christian Louis Ntsay is a Malagasy politician who is serving as the prime minister of Madagascar since 2018. He was appointed by President Hery Rajaonarimampianina following Olivier Mahafaly Solonandrasana’s resignation due to widespread protests throughout the country. Ntsay is considered a technocrat and has worked for the United Nations.
