State of Patiala | |||||||||||||||||||
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1763–1947 | |||||||||||||||||||
Capital | Patiala | ||||||||||||||||||
Common languages | Punjabi (official) | ||||||||||||||||||
Religion | Sikh | ||||||||||||||||||
Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||||||||
Maharaja | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1707 - 1765 | Ala Singh | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1938 - 1947 | Yadavindra Singh | ||||||||||||||||||
History | |||||||||||||||||||
• Established | 1763 | ||||||||||||||||||
• Disestablished | 1947 | ||||||||||||||||||
Area | |||||||||||||||||||
• Total | 15,389 km2 (5,942 sq mi) | ||||||||||||||||||
Population | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1881 [1] | 1,467,433 | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1891 [1] | 1,583,521 | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1901 [1] | 1,596,692 | ||||||||||||||||||
Currency | Rupee And Paisa | ||||||||||||||||||
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Today part of | India Pakistan | ||||||||||||||||||
Patiala State was a self-governing princely state of the Empire of India, and one of the Phulkian States, that acceded to the Union of India upon Indian dominionship and partition. Patiala Kingdom/State was founded by Sidhu Jat Sikhs.
Early proposals of a Sikh nation of ‘Sikhistan’ led by Maharaja of Patiala were published by Dr VS Bhatti in 1940 for a “Khalistan led by the Maharaja of Patiala with the aid of a cabinet consisting of representative federating units”. [2] [3] [4] [5] These would consist of the central districts of Punjab province then directly administered by the British, including Ludhiana, Jalandhar, Ambala, Ferozpur, Amritsar and Lahore; the 'princely states' of the Cis-Sutlej, including Patiala, Nabha, Faridkot and Malerkolta; and the 'Shimla Group' of states. After partition of India in 1947, The Liberator, a Sikh publication advocated for Khalistan which would include East Punjab merged with PEPSU led by Maharaja of Patiala as its monarch. [6]
The state's name came from the name of its principal city and capital, Patiala, which itself comes from the roots patti and ala. The word patti means "strip of land" in Punjabi, and 'ala' comes from the name of the founder of the city and Patiala state, Ala Singh, thus meaning ‘the land of Ala Singh’ [7]
History of India |
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Timeline |
In 1763, the Sikh confederation captured the fortress of Sirhind
The rulers of Patiala bore the title 'Maharaja-e Rajgan' from 1810 onward.[ citation needed ]
Religious group | 1901 [8] | 1911 [9] [10] | 1921 [11] | 1931 [12] | 1941 [13] | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | Pop. | % | |
Hinduism [lower-alpha 1] | 880,490 | 55.14% | 563,940 | 40.06% | 642,055 | 42.81% | 623,597 | 38.36% | 597,488 | 30.86% |
Islam | 357,334 | 22.38% | 307,384 | 21.84% | 330,341 | 22.03% | 363,920 | 22.39% | 436,539 | 22.55% |
Sikhism | 355,649 | 22.27% | 532,292 | 37.81% | 522,675 | 34.85% | 632,972 | 38.94% | 896,021 | 46.28% |
Jainism | 2,877 | 0.18% | 3,282 | 0.23% | 3,249 | 0.22% | 3,578 | 0.22% | 3,101 | 0.16% |
Christianity | 316 | 0.02% | 739 | 0.05% | 1,395 | 0.09% | 1,449 | 0.09% | 1,592 | 0.08% |
Zoroastrianism | 26 | 0% | 22 | 0% | 21 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 21 | 0% |
Buddhism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 3 | 0% | 2 | 0% | 3 | 0% |
Judaism | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 12 | 0% |
Others | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 0 | 0% | 1,482 | 0.08% |
Total population | 1,596,692 | 100% | 1,407,659 | 100% | 1,499,739 | 100% | 1,625,520 | 100% | 1,936,259 | 100% |
Note: British Punjab province era district borders are not an exact match in the present-day due to various bifurcations to district borders — which since created new districts — throughout the historic Punjab Province region during the post-independence era that have taken into account population increases. |
Patiala is a city in southeastern Punjab, northwestern India. It is the fourth largest city in the state and is the administrative capital of Patiala district. Patiala is located around the Qila Mubarak constructed by the Sidhu Jat Sikh chieftain Ala Singh, who founded the royal dynasty of Patiala State in 1763, and after whom the city is named.
Malerkotla is a city and the district headquarters of Malerkotla district in the Indian state of Punjab. It served as the seat of the eponymous princely state during the British Raj. The state acceded to the union of India in 1947 and was merged with other nearby princely states to form the Patiala and East Punjab States Union (PEPSU).
Hoshiarpur is a city and a municipal corporation in Hoshiarpur district in the Doaba region of the Indian state of Punjab. It was founded, according to tradition, during the early part of the fourteenth century. In 1809, it was occupied by the forces of Maharaja Karanvir Singh and was united into the greater state of Punjab in 1849.
Patiala district is one of the twenty three districts in the state of Punjab in north-west India.
The Maharaja of Patiala was the title of a Maharaja in India and the ruler of the princely state of Patiala, a state in British India. The first Maharaja of Patiala was Baba Ala Singh (1695–1765).
Maharaja Sir Bhupinder Singh, was an Indian royal and cricket player. Singh was the ruling Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala in British India from 1900 to 1938. He was born in a Sidhu royal Jat Sikh family. During his reign, Singh was most noted for his extravagance, contributions to sports, and for being an ally to the British Raj.
Kalsia was a princely state in Punjab, British India, one of the former Cis-Sutlej states. It was founded by Gurbaksh Singh Kalsia in 1760. After India's independence, it was included in PEPSU and later in the Indian East Punjab after the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The area of Kalsia is now located in the modern day Indian states of Punjab and Haryana. In 1940 the population of Kalsia was 67,393. Kalsia was ruled by Jat Sikhs.
Yadavindra Singh was the ninth and last ruling Maharaja of Patiala from 1938 to 1971. He was also a diplomat, sports administrator and former cricketer who played in one Test in 1934.
Sir Rajinder Singh was the Maharaja of the princely state of Patiala from 1876 to 1900. In 1897, he was awarded the Grand Cross of the Star of India for his bravery, by the colonial government. Described as "the first reigning Prince to blend the elements of the English gentleman and Indian potentate."
Sirmur was an independent kingdom in India, founded in 1616, located in the region that is now the Sirmaur district of Himachal Pradesh. The state was also known as Nahan, after its main city, Nahan. The state ranked predominant amongst the Punjab hill States. It had an area of 4,039 km2 and a revenue of 300,000 rupees in 1891.
Moti Bagh Palace is a palace in Patiala, also known as Pearl Garden Palace. The word "Moti" means "pearl", and "Bagh" means "garden". The Palace was built by Maharaja Narinder Singh, the great-grandfather of Maharaja Bhupinder Singh, in 1847, at a cost of five lakhs of rupees. The Old Moti Bagh Palace and New Moti Bagh Palace were built respectively by Maharaja Narinder Singh and Maharaja Yadavindra Singh.
The Phulkian Dynasty of Maharajas or sardars were Jat-Sikh rulers and aristocrats in the Punjab region of India. They governed the states of Faridkot, Jind, Nabha, Malaudh, Bhadaur, Badrukhan and Patiala, allying themselves with the British Raj as per the Cis-Sutlej treaty. The Phulkain sardars are the descendants of Rawal Jaisal of Jaisalmer, who migrated to present day Malwa region of Punjab. The Phulkian dynasty claimed descent from Rawal Jaisal, the Bhati Rajput founder of Jaisalmer.
Nabha State, with its capital at Nabha, was one of the Phulkian princely states of Punjab during the British Raj in India. Nabha was ruled by Jat Sikhs of the Sidhu clan.
Faridkot State was a self-governing princely state of Punjab outside British India during the British Raj period in the Indian sub-continent until Indian independence.
Mehtab Kaur, was the second wife of the ninth and the last Maharaja of Patiala Yadavindra Singh (1913–1974). She was the mother of Amarinder Singh, the former Chief Minister of Punjab. Had it not been for the erstwhile Indian princely families being stripped of their titles in 1971, upon the death of her husband she would have been considered Rajmata, and in popular usage is commonly referred to as such.
Kapurthala State, was a kingdom and later Princely state of the Punjab Province of India. Ruled by Ahluwalia Sikh rulers, spread across 510 square miles (1,300 km2). According to the 1901 census the state had a population of 314,341 and contained two towns and 167 villages. In 1930, Kapurthala became part of the Punjab States Agency and acceded to the Union of India in 1947.
Jind State was a princely state located in the Punjab region of north-western India. The state was 3,260 km2 (1,260 sq mi) in area and its annual income was Rs.3,000,000 in the 1940s. Jind was founded and ruled by Jat Sikh rulers of Sidhu clan.
The State of Malerkotla or Maler Kotla was established by Maharaja of Parmar Rajputs, is a princely state in the Punjab region since the era of British India. Which was taken over by Sarwani and Lodi Pashtun dynasty from Afghanistan, and named Malerkotla as capital.
Phulkian Misl was a Sikh misl named after Choudhary Phul Singh.
Ala Singh (1691–1765) was the first king of the princely state of Patiala.