[ Superseded in Glottolog: Coropo removed, Puri split ]
Purian | |
---|---|
Puri-Coroado | |
Geographic distribution | East Brazil |
Linguistic classification | Macro-Gê?
|
Glottolog | puri1261 |
Purian (also Purían) is a pair of extinct languages of eastern Brazil:
Coropó (Koropó), once spoken in Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro, was added by Campbell (1997), but removed again by Ramirez et al. (2015). [1]
Purian is part of the Macro-Jê proposal. However, when Coropó is removed, there are not sufficient lexical connections to maintain this classification. [2]
The Purian languages are only attested by a few word lists from the 19th century. The lists are: [1]
Puri:
Koropó is attested by two word lists:
The Purian languages were spoken in a continuous region stretching from the Preto River to the Paraíba River (from Queluz, São Paulo to Paraibuna, São Paulo). The Puri occupied the Upper Paraíba do Sul River up to Queluz, São Paulo, and the Coroado from the Pomba River to the Doce River in Minas Gerais. [1]
Mason (1950) lists the following dialects of Coroado and Purí: [9]
Extinct and unknown languages that may have been Purian languages: [10]
Loukotka (1968) lists the following basic vocabulary items. [10]
Proto-Purian | |
---|---|
Reconstruction of | Purian languages |
Silva Neto (2007) reconstructs 47 Proto-Purian forms. [11] : 39–41 Reconstituted forms by Silva Neto (2007) for Puri, Coroado, and Koropó synthesized from historical sources are also provided.
no. | English gloss (translated) | Portuguese gloss (original) | Proto-Purian | Puri | Coroado | Koropó |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | water | água | *yaman | yaman | yaman | |
2 | you (sg.) | você | *gá | gá | gá | |
3 | tapir | anta | *painan | penán | painá | |
4 | here | aqui | *kará | kará | kra | |
5 | tree | árvore | *mpó | mpo | ãmpo | |
6 | drink | beber | *mpa | mpa | pa | |
7 | mouth | boca | *čore | čore | čore | šore, čore |
8 | hair | cabelo | *ké | ke | gué | iče, ke |
9 | head | cabeça | *kwe | kwe | ke | |
10 | eat | comer | *maše | paše | maše | makšina, maše |
11 | finger | dedo | *šapere | šabrera | šapere | |
12 | day | dia | *opé | opé | ope | |
13 | tooth | dente | *če | uče | če | |
14 | star | estrela | *yuri | šuri | yuri | dzuri, yuri |
15 | arrow | flecha | *apon | apon | apon | |
16 | fire | fogo | *poté | poté | poté | |
17 | cat | gato | *šapé | šapi | šapé | |
18 | brother | irmão | *čatay | šatã | čatay | šatay, čatay |
19 | daughter | filha | *šampe | šampe-mpayma | šãpe | boema |
20 | leaf | folha | *čope | dzoplé | čope | čupe |
21 | man | homem | *kwayman | kuayma, hakorema | kwayman | kwayman |
22 | moon | lua | *petara | petara | petara | |
23 | mother | mãe | *ayan | ayan | ayan | ayan |
24 | maize | milho | *makπ | makπ | makπ | |
25 | hand | mão | *šapore | kore, šapeprera | šapore, kokor¤e | |
26 | mountain | monte | *pré | pré | pre | pré |
27 | large mountain | monte grande | *pré-heroyma | pré deka | pré-heroyma | pré-heroyma |
28 | much, very | muito | *purika | prika | purika | |
29 | woman | mulher | *poyman | mpayma | poyman | boeman |
30 | nose | nariz | *ni | ni | yẽ | |
31 | boy | menino | *šapoma | šapona | šapoma | |
32 | night | noite | *miriponan | miriponan | maripoyan | merĩdan |
33 | eye | olho | *merĩ | miri | merĩ | šwarĩ |
34 | ear | orelha | *pepéna | bipina | pepéna | |
35 | father | pai | *are | are | uaré | |
36 | bird | pássaro | *šipu | šipu | šapu | |
37 | foot | pé | *čapere | šaprera | čapere | čamprĩ |
38 | feather | pluma | *pé | šipupé | pe | |
39 | pig | porco | *šorã | sotanšira | šorã | |
40 | river | rio | *rorá | mñama róra | yamã rora | kwã |
41 | sun | sol | *opé | opé | ope | |
42 | afternoon | tarde | *tušahi | tošora, tušahi | šare | |
43 | earth | terra | *oše | guašé, ušó | oše | |
44 | trunk | tronco | *pranü | pon-réna | põ pranü | |
45 | wind | vento | *džota | džota | nan dota | narã dzota |
46 | belly | ventre, barriga | *tikĩ | tikĩ | tekĩ | ičĩ |
47 | herb, plant, grass | erva, planta, capim | *šapuko | šapúko, spangué | šapuko | šapuka |
However, similarities in Koropó were later found to be loanwords by Ramirez et al. (2015), who classifies Koropó as Maxakalían. [1] Nikulin (2020) also classifies Koropó as Macro-Jê (Maxakalían branch). [12]
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