Television in Poland

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Television in Poland was introduced on an experimental basis in 1937. It was state owned, and was interrupted by the Second World War in 1939. Television returned to Poland in 1952 and for several decades was controlled by the communist government. Colour television was introduced in Poland in 1971. Private television stations in Poland appeared around the time of the fall of communism, with PTV Echo (once a member of the local channels of Polonia 1) becoming the first private station in Poland (and in the former Eastern Bloc).

Contents

Terrestrial

Terrestrial television in Poland broadcasts using a digital DVB-T system. First test DVB-T emission was carried out in Warsaw on 9 November 2001. In April 2004, first DVB-T transmitter near Rzeszów started operation and local TVP division started to market set-top boxes allowing to receive it. As of July 2016, there are about 250 DVB-T transmitters operating in Poland, broadcasting up to three multiplexes (except local stations), [1] all using MPEG-4 AVC compression. Majority of channels are available in HD across all the Poland after DVB-T2/HEVC switchover has finished in June 2022, while channels from MUX8 (Metro, Zoom TV, Nowa TV, WP and ViDoc TV) are available only in SD, although Nowa TV broadcasts in HD in some local multiplexes. Analog terrestrial transmissions were terminated in 2013. First efforts to introduce DVB-T in Poland was made in 1997 in Gdańsk on initiative of TVP (Polish public television broadcaster). In the spring of 2022, the terrestrial TV broadcasting standard was changed across the country to the newer and more effective DVB-T2/HEVC standard, where HEVC (or H.265) is a new standard for TV signal compression. Switching to the new DVB-T2/HEVC terrestrial TV broadcasting standard was carried out in the period from March to June 2022. However, the changes did not cover MUX3, which belongs as a whole to TVP. Decision by Urząd Komunikacji Elektronicznej  [ pl ] requested by the Minister of Interior Affairs and Administration, argumented by the Russian invasion of Ukraine, allowed to delay the switch until the end of 2023. [2]

Allocation

At 2006 conference in Geneva known as GE06 Poland received eight DVB-T multiplexes—seven at UHF frequencies 470–862 MHz (channels 21–69) and one at VHF frequency 174–230 MHz (channels 6–12). Since some of these frequencies are currently used for analog PAL terrestrial television broadcasting, it is possible to run only two nationwide multiplexes (MUX1, MUX2) and one (MUX3) which covers part of country (58% of population). Introduction of all multiplexes will be possible after switching off analog broadcasting.

A government document entitled "Country digitalization schedule", dated January 2009, set out plan for the digital broadcast switch-on to be made in three steps and analog broadcast switch-off in six steps.

First regular digital broadcast started on 30 September 2010. Analog broadcast switch-off started on 7 November 2012 and the transition to digital broadcasting finished on 23 July 2013.

The period of time between digital broadcast switch-on and analog broadcast switch-off will allow people time to buy new integrated Digital TVs or set-top boxes.

Current status

Analog shutdown

The shutdown of analog broadcast took place in 7 steps between 7 November 2012 and 23 July 2013.

Most operators of analog cable TV are planning to continue providing analog service in their networks for an unspecified period of time.

Additional government actions

The Polish government created Informative campaigns regarding analog broadcast switch-off in mass media. The government also requires electronic equipment sellers to inform buyers that MPEG-2 TVs and STBs are not compatible with the national standard which is currently DVB-T2 HEVC QAM256 .

The Polish government provides financial help for poor families and seniors to buy a TV - 250 PLN or STB – 100 PLN per household, totaling 475 million PLN. [3]

Technical information

Polish digital terrestrial television broadcast uses the basic parameters of a digital receiver defined in ETSI TS 101 154 for level 4.1 HDTV: 50 Hz HEVC HDTV 8-bit (resolutions 1920 x 1080 p50, 1280 x 720 p50) MPEG-2 Audio Layer 2 and E-AC -3 audios. In the case of a TV receiver capable of displaying UHD, the DVB-T2 receiver also supports the format specified in ETSI TS 101 154 in point 5.14 HEVC HDR UHDTV IRD using HLG10 and HEVC HDR UHDTV IRD using PQ10, Main 10 Profile, Main Tier for UHDTV with resolution 3840 x 2160 and AC-4 audio.

Assignment of channels in multiplexes

Plan from January 2009 included three nationwide multiplexes with seven SDTV channels in each:

In January 2010 new plan on introducing DVB-T was presented. Assignment of multiplexes was changed:

In June 2010 the final decision on the allocation of multiplexes was made:

MUX1

MUX1
Stopklatka TV 17
18
49

MUX2

MUX2
ChannelTypePosition (LCN)
General4
General5
TV4 6
TV Puls Telewizja Puls General7
TVN Warner Bros. Discovery General/Entertainment8
Puls 2 9
10
Super Polsat General/Entertainment11

MUX3

MUX3
TVP World [4] 91
92
TV EMKA [4]

MUX6

MUX6
TVP World
Belsat General36

MUX8 (DVB-T, MPEG-4)

MUX8
test6N/A (black screen) (HbbTV)96
N/A (black screen) (HbbTV)97
Interactive (HbbTV)98
EmiTV99

MUX4 Polsat Box "Sport i informacje" ("Sports & informations" Pay TV package)

Polsat Box "Sport i informacje" ("Sports & informations" Pay TV package) [5]
ChannelTypePosition (LCN)
Sport110
Sport111
Sport112
Sport113
Eleven Sports 1 114
115
116
117
118
119
120
333

MUX-L1 (Lubań/Jelenia Góra/Bolesławiec/Chojnów)

MUX-L1
wPolsce.pl Fratria News
Telewizja Media NarodoweNews

MUX-L2 (Ornontowice/Rybnik)

MUX-L2
Stars.TV JBD S.A.Music
Polsat Group General
TVS Regional
General
General/Entertainment
Cabaret
TV Okazje SD Teleshopping

MUX-L3 (Częstochowa/Kamieńsk/Tomaszów Mazowiecki)

MUX-L3
Stars.TV JBD S.A.Music
Telewizja RepublikaGeneral
wPolsce.pl Fratria News
Telewizja Media NarodoweNews

MUX-L4 (Świdnica/Wrocław) (DVB-T, MPEG-4)

MUX-L4
Channel
TVC Super General
Music
News
General
General
Regional
General
wPolsce.pl Fratria News
Telewizja Media NarodoweNews

MUX-L7 (Lubin/Głogów) (DVB-T, MPEG-4)

MUX-L7
TV Okazje Teleshopping
General

LRT local multiplex (Suwałki) (DVB-T, MPEG-4)

LRT local MUX

TVS experimental DVB-T2 multiplex (Katowice)

TVS experimental DVB-T2 MUX
ChannelType
Regional
General
General
Teleshopping
Regional (radio station)

BCAST experimental DVB-T2 multiplex (Wrocław/Gdańsk/Warsaw)

BCAST experimental DVB-T2 MUX
Telewizja Media NarodoweNews
Stars.TV [6] Music
Religious
Teleshopping
News
General
Regional

Satellite

In 1998, two DVB-S providers, Cyfra+ and Wizja TV started operation. In 2001, Wizja TV was merged into Cyfra+.

1999 saw the introduction of another platform, Polsat 2 Cyfrowy (later renamed to Polsat Cyfrowy, Cyfrowy Polsat and finally Polsat Box), owned by Polsat, a major Polish commercial TV network[ citation needed ]. These platforms become very popular, and today, there are no Polish channels available on analogue satellite (the last one, TVN, was switched off in 2008). However, most of the satellite broadcasts in Poland are in SDTV resolution.

On 12 October 2006, ITI launched the n platform with a few HD channels available, as well as—also new to Poland—video on demand functionality. Later, in December 2006, Cyfra+ also started HD broadcasts. Cyfrowy Polsat started HD broadcasts in second half of 2007.

On 21 March 2013, as part of deeper cooperation between Canal+ Group and ITI, Cyfra+ and N were merged into NC+.

On 3 September 2019 NC+ has changed name to Platforma Canal+.

Other technologies

Several TV channels, as well as video on demand, are available in Polish mobile telephony networks. There are no currently operating dedicated mobile TV transmitters.

There are also OTT TV service providers.

Digital platforms in Poland

NameSubscribersNumber of channelsHD channels3D channelVOD
5,700,000 [7] 000
  • ipla
  • HBO OD
  • HBO GO
  • PPV/VOD
  • Deezer
  • Primeserial
Canal+ 175920
  • nc+ GO
  • TVP Prapiemiery
  • Canal+ VOD
  • Seriale+
  • TVN Player
  • Baby TV OD
  • Poznaj nc+
  • Smaczki OD
  • Sport+
99400
  • Seriale+
  • Wideo na życzenie
  • Prapremiery TVP
  • PictureBox
  • TV na życzenie
  • Telewizja Tu i Tam
UPC Polska 201500
  • Premiery
  • Hity
  • HD
  • TVP na żądanie
  • TVN na żądanie
  • Filmbox On Demand
  • Disney Channel na żądanie
  • Cartoon Network na żądanie
  • HBO OD
  • National Geographic na żądanie
  • Xotix
  • Discovery On Demand
  • Sundance na żądanie
  • Canal+ na żądanie
204520
  • BBC na żądanie
  • HBO On Demand
  • Discovery On Demand
  • Disney Channel na żądanie
  • HBO GO
  • GO ON
Multimedia Polska 171410
Cable182,000190520
  • Canal+ na życzenie
  • Ale Kino+ na życzenie
  • HBO On Demand
  • Planete+ na życzenie
  • TeleToon+ na życzenie
  • Duck TV na życzenie
  • Kuchnia+ na życzenie
  • Domo+ na życzenie
  • HBO GO
  • Karaoke TV
TOYA 160,000520
  • Przedpremiery TVP
  • Fyre TV
  • TVP na żądanie
  • Canal+ na życzenie
  • Ale Kino+ na życzenie
  • HBO On Demand
  • Sundance Channel na żądanie
  • Romance TV na życzenie
  • Planete+ na życzenie
  • Discovery On Demand
  • Animal Planet On Demand
  • History na życzenie
  • TV3 Polska
  • Polsat JimJam na życzenie
  • Duck TV na życzenie
  • Kuchnia+ na życzenie
  • Domo+ na życzenie
  • TLC On Demand
  • English Club TV On Demand
  • TV Toya na życzenie
  • Catch UP TVP
  • TV Toya Catch Up
  • Player
  • ipla
  • iplex
  • VOD TVP
  • TVP Parlament
  • HBO GO
  • NatGeo Play
  • Karaoke TV
  • GO ON
  • RMFon.pl
  • Eska GO
Petrus 550Red x.svg
410
  • HBO GO
410
  • HBO GO

Television rating system in Poland

for minors above 7 years old
Polish tv rating system bo 2011.svg

Viewing shares

Top 20 Polish TV channels by Nielsen Media Research (in gray channels, which were in a given year out of the Top 20):

Channels2021 [8] 2020 [9] 2019 [9] 2018 [10] [11] 2017 [12]
2016 [13]
2015 [14]
2014 [15]
2013 [16]
2012 [17]
2011 [18]
2010 [19]
9.739.669.689.739.5911.1012.2812.2713.1715.4117.4119.35
7.858.347.858.167.878.328.729.4110.3012.5613.2714.49
8.198.379.8510.2310.9111.4511.6011.8412.2413.9714.53
7.498.457.379.389.8710.3710.6511.6812.5413.9314.9515.21
4.945.364.474.144.273.813.222.993.123.063.143.45
3.975.144.823.433.833.263.512.862.613.824.244.92
3.233.643.724.164.083.363.272.682.972.492.392.14
3.603.453.213.243.293.303.533.542.531.791.63
3.593.613.503.403.033.203.093.113.082.331.891.51
2.071.162.242.141.781.601.451.301.020.31——
1.681.991.911.881.751.781.621.521.070.14——
1.471.471.411.411.491.481.401.441.140.640.34—
1.451.471.541.521.471.521.451.681.791.371.320.88
1.321.561.711.451.441.481.230.970.610.200.04—
—1.021.231.391.180.920.700.49————
Polsat News 1.762.031.131.121.141.111.081.081.040.900.810.62
—0.500.490.46 (August)0.991.091.140.930.48———
1.301.171.120.980.941.000.880.60————
TVP3 0.911.001.101.020.980.940.971.051.090.36———
1.071.261.140.930.960.800.810.690.31————
TOP4 of Polish TV channels from 1997 by Nielsen Media Research PL TV TOP 4.png
TOP4 of Polish TV channels from 1997 by Nielsen Media Research
Audience ratings of TV channels above 2% in Poland since 1997 by Nielsen Media Research (TVP Info in 1994-2007 as TVP3 Regionalna, TV4 in 1998-2000 as Nasza TV, TVN7 in 1996-2002 as RTL7) PL TV 5-9.png
Audience ratings of TV channels above 2% in Poland since 1997 by Nielsen Media Research
(TVP Info in 1994-2007 as TVP3 Regionalna, TV4 in 1998-2000 as Nasza TV, TVN7 in 1996-2002 as RTL7)

Top 10 most watched TV broadcasts in Poland from 1998 according to Nielsen Media Research: [20] [21] [22] [23] [24] [25] [26]

ProgramNumber of viewersShare
1Over 21,400,000Almost 90%
215,974,82286.57%
312 June 201214,683,21681.51%
414,352,01280.89%
5 UEFA Euro 2012: Czech Republic vs Poland (group stage) TVP1, TVP Sport, TVP HD 14,070,49281.28%
6 TVP1, TVP Sport 13,631,33575.45%
7 UEFA Euro 2012: Poland vs Greece (group stage) TVP1, TVP Sport, TVP HD 13,308,34383.78%
8 2002 Winter Olympics: Ski Jumping Men's K120 Individual
(Adam Małysz won the silver medal)		 TVP1 13,259,61275.15%
9 TVP1, TVP2, TVP Info, Polsat, Polsat News, TVN, TVN24 and others13,033,96786.68%
10 UEFA Euro 2016: Ukraine vs Poland (group stage)12,639,30881.67%
Shares in the television entertainemntet with a this television-polish in the world market in Poland of selected broadcasters groups in 2016 by Nielsen Media Research PolskaTV2016.png
Shares in the television entertainemntet with a this television-polish in the world market in Poland of selected broadcasters groups in 2016 by Nielsen Media Research

Research and development

Advanced Digital Broadcast, with the R&D headquarters based in Zielona Gora, is a Polish company, which introduced many innovations and world's first solutions in the area of Digital TV. One of the co-founders was local professor Janusz C. Szajna. [27]

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Wykaz stacji DVB-T nadających w Polsce". RadioPolska (in Polish). Archived from the original on 29 February 2020. Retrieved 11 July 2016.
  2. ↑ "TVP zyska w MUX-3 miejsce na dwa kanały HD po przejściu na DVB-T2/HEVC". www.wirtualnemedia.pl (in Polish). 2 January 2023. Retrieved 30 March 2023.
  3. ↑ "Uwagi szczegółowe Polskiej Izby Informatyki i Telekomunikacji [PIIT] do propozycji utworzenia Krajowego Funduszu Cyfrowego w ramach ustawy o wspieraniu rozwoju usług i sieci szerokopasmowych w telekomunikacji" (PDF) (in Polish). Polska Izba Informatyki i Telekomunikacji. 20 August 2009. Archived from the original (PDF) on 11 November 2013. Retrieved 11 November 2013.
  4. 1 2 This channel is broadcast though Internet, meaning that it will be available once HbbTV compatible receiver will be connected to the Internet.
  5. ↑ From July 14, 2022
  6. ↑ Gdańsk and Warsaw only.
  7. ↑ "Cyfrowy Polsat: 7,7 mld zł wpływów i 751 mln zł zysku w br. Więcej usług abonamentowych, mniej prepaidowych". www.wirtualnemedia.pl (in Polish). 8 November 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  8. ↑ "TVP1 liderem w 2022 roku w 4+, TVN na czele w 16-49. Duże wzrosty TVN24, TVP Info i Polsat News". 7 January 2023.
  9. 1 2 "TVP1 liderem w 2020 roku, TVN24 najchętniej oglądaną stacją tematyczną (Top 171)". 6 February 2021.
  10. ↑ "Krótszy czas oglądania telewizji w 2018 roku. Liderem Polsat, TVP1 i TVP2 na plusie (raport)". www.wirtualnemedia.pl (in Polish). 3 January 2019. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  11. ↑ "TVN24 i TTV liderami stacji tematycznych w sierpniu. Rosną TVP Sport i TVP ABC, tracą TVP Info i TVP Rozrywka (top 25)". www.wirtualnemedia.pl (in Polish). 7 September 2018. Retrieved 22 March 2019.
  12. ↑ "Krótszy czas oglądania telewizji w 2017 roku. Polsat i TVN liderami (raport)". wirtualnemedia.pl. 3 January 2018.
  13. ↑ "Krótszy czas oglądania telewizji w 2016 roku. Polsat wyprzedził TVP1 (raport)". wirtualnemedia.pl. 3 January 2017.
  14. ↑ "TVP1 i Polsat liderem rynku telewizyjnego, TVP Info z największym wzrostem w czołówce (top 100 za 2015 rok)". wirtualnemedia.pl. 1 February 2016.
  15. ↑ "TVP1 i Polsat liderami rynku w 2014 roku. TVP2 ostro w dół". wirtualnemedia.pl. 5 January 2015.
  16. ↑ "TVP1, TVN, Polsat i TVP2 mocno w dół w 2013 r. (top 122)". wirtualnemedia.pl. 2 January 2014.
  17. ↑ "Informacja o podstawowych problemach radiofonii i telewizji w 2012 roku" (PDF). KRRiT.gov.pl (in Polish). Krajowa Rada Radiofonii i Telewizji. 19 March 2013.
  18. ↑ "Tylko Polsat zyskał w 2011 roku, duży spadek TVP". wirtualnemedia.pl. 3 January 2012.
  19. ↑ "Rok 2010: Przed TV 5 minut dłużej". media2.pl. 3 January 2011.
  20. ↑ "2005: TVP 1 liderem, TVP 2 zyskała najwięcej - 5,1 mld zł z reklam". wiadomosci.wp.pl. 5 January 2006.
  21. ↑ "Tematyczne stacje sportowe w Polsce. Gwiazdy kontra nisze" (PDF). Telekabel & digital TV. July–August 2016. p. 10.
  22. ↑ "Bitwa o widzów" (PDF). TV Lider. October 2016. p. 68.
  23. ↑ "Polscy piłkarze na Euro 2012: hitem mecz Polska-Rosja (dane minuta po minucie)". wirtualnemedia.pl. 19 June 2012.
  24. ↑ "13,6 mln widzów meczu Polska-Kolumbia w TVP1 i TVP Sport". wirtualnemedia.pl. 25 June 2018.
  25. ↑ "Polska - Grecja: średnio 13,3 mln widzów. Oglądalność TV minuta po minucie". media2.pl. 11 June 2012.
  26. ↑ "13 mln widzów oglądało pogrzeb prezydenta Kaczyńskiego". wirtualnemedia.pl. 20 April 2010.
  27. ↑ Pieczko, Andrzej (28 June 2002). "Jak to się zaczęło?". Gazeta Lubuska PL (in Polish). Zielona Gora, Poland. Retrieved 2 June 2021.
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