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The 1902 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1902, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's first term, about a year after the assassination of President William McKinley in September 1901. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 58th United States Congress.
Due to the increased size of the House and the reapportionment that resulted from the 1900 U.S. census, the Republican Party and the Democratic Party both gained seats simultaneously, which has not occurred in any elections since. The Democrats increased their share of the House, but not by enough to regain control.
With a stable economy and no cornerstone issue, Democratic gains can mostly be linked to the effects of redistricting. Many of the new seats were in areas with high numbers of immigrants (mostly Eastern and Southern European industrial workers, and Northern European farmers), with new immigrants tending to vote Democrat. The Populist Party disappeared from the House, with its supporters almost unanimously switching to the Democratic Party.[ citation needed ]
This election marked the third and most recent time in American history where the incumbent president's party gained House seats in a midterm election while still losing seats in the Senate, the first two being in 1814 and 1822.
29 new seats were added in reapportionment following the 1900 census. [3] No states lost seats, 16 had no change in apportionment, 14 gained 1 seat, 3 gained 2 seats, and 3 gained 3 seats. Two of the states that gained representation elected the new seat at-large.
176 | 3 | 207 |
Democratic | IR | Republican |
State | Type | Total seats | Democratic | Republican | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Seats | Change | Seats | Change | Seats | Change | ||
Alabama | Districts | 9 | 9 | 0 | |||
Arkansas | Districts | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
California | Districts | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 2 |
Colorado | District +at-large [lower-alpha 6] | 3 [lower-alpha 7] | 1 | 0 | 3 | 2 [lower-alpha 8] | |
Connecticut | District +at-large [lower-alpha 6] | 5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
Delaware | At-large | 1 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | |
Florida | Districts | 3 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 0 | |
Georgia | Districts | 11 | 11 | 0 | |||
Idaho | At-large | 1 [lower-alpha 7] | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Illinois | Districts | 25 | 3 | 8 | 3 | 17 | 6 |
Indiana | Districts | 13 | 4 | 9 | |||
Iowa | Districts | 11 | 1 | 1 | 10 | 1 | |
Kansas | District +at-large | 8 | 0 | 1 | 8 | 1 | |
Kentucky | Districts | 11 | 10 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Louisiana | Districts | 7 | 1 | 7 | 1 | 0 | |
Maine [lower-alpha 9] | Districts | 4 | 0 | 4 | |||
Maryland | Districts | 6 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 2 | |
Massachusetts | Districts | 14 | 1 | 4 | 1 | 10 | |
Michigan | Districts | 12 | 1 | 1 | 11 | 1 | |
Minnesota | Districts | 9 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 8 | 1 |
Mississippi | Districts | 8 | 1 | 8 | 1 | 0 | |
Missouri | Districts | 16 | 1 | 15 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
Montana | At-large | 1 [lower-alpha 7] | 0 | 1 | 1 | ||
Nebraska | Districts | 6 [lower-alpha 10] | 1 | 1 | 5 | 3 | |
Nevada | At-large | 1 | 1 | 0 | |||
New Hampshire | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
New Jersey | Districts | 10 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 7 | 1 |
New York | Districts | 37 | 3 | 17 | 4 | 20 | 1 |
North Carolina | Districts | 10 | 1 | 10 | 3 | 0 | 2 |
North Dakota | At-large | 2 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 1 | |
Ohio | Districts | 21 | 4 | 17 | |||
Oregon [lower-alpha 9] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Pennsylvania | District [lower-alpha 11] | 32 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 29 [lower-alpha 4] | 3 |
Rhode Island | Districts | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
South Carolina | Districts | 7 | 7 | 0 | |||
South Dakota | At-large | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Tennessee | Districts | 10 | 8 | 2 | |||
Texas | Districts | 16 | 3 | 16 | 3 | 0 | |
Utah | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
Vermont [lower-alpha 9] | Districts | 2 | 0 | 2 | |||
Virginia | Districts | 10 | 9 | 1 | 1 | 1 | |
Washington | At-large | 3 | 1 | 0 | 3 | 1 | |
West Virginia | Districts | 5 | 1 | 0 | 5 | 1 | |
Wisconsin | Districts | 11 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 10 | |
Wyoming | At-large | 1 | 0 | 1 | |||
Total | 386 | 29 | 176 45.6% | 25 | 210 [lower-alpha 4] 54.4% | 9 |
The previous election had 5 Populists, but the party completely disappeared from the U.S. House in the 1902 elections.
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
New York 7 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1876 (retired) 1882 (retired) 1898 | Incumbent resigned November 2, 1901. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Pennsylvania 17 | Rufus King Polk | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died March 5, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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Kentucky 3 | John S. Rhea | Democratic | 1896 | Election successfully contested. New member seated March 25, 1902. Republican gain. |
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Massachusetts 6 | William Henry Moody | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
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Missouri 12 | James Joseph Butler | Democratic | 1901 | Seat declared vacant. Incumbent re-elected November 4, 1902 to finish his term. Special election later successfully contested by George C. R. Wagoner. |
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New York 10 | Amos J. Cummings | Democratic | 1886 | Incumbent died May 2, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner not elected to full term; see below. |
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Virginia 6 | Nicholas Muller | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent died May 4, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. Winner also elected to full term; see below. |
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New Jersey 4 | Joshua S. Salmon | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died May 6, 1902. New member elected June 18, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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Texas 3 | Reese C. De Graffenreid | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent died August 29, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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New York 26 | George W. Ray | Republican | 1882 | Incumbent resigned September 11, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
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Texas 4 | John L. Sheppard | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent died October 11, 1902. New member elected November 15, 1902. Democratic hold. |
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Connecticut 3 | Charles Addison Russell | Republican | 1886 | Incumbent died October 23, 1902. New member elected November 4, 1902. Republican hold. |
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All the states held their elections November 4, 1902, except for 3 states, with 8 seats among them:
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
California 1 | Samuel D. Woods Redistricted from the 2nd district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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California 2 | Frank Coombs Redistricted from the 1st district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 3 | Victor H. Metcalf | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 4 | Julius Kahn | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 5 | Eugene F. Loud | Republican | 1890 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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California 6 | James C. Needham Redistricted from the 7th district | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 7 | James McLachlan Redistricted from the 6th district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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California 8 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Florida 1 | Stephen M. Sparkman | Democratic | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 2 | Robert Wyche Davis | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Florida 3 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Idaho at-large | Thomas L. Glenn | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Maryland 1 | William H. Jackson | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 2 | Albert Blakeney | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 3 | Frank C. Wachter | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 4 | Charles R. Schirm | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Maryland 5 | Sydney Emanuel Mudd I | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Maryland 6 | George A. Pearre | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Massachusetts 1 | George P. Lawrence | Republican | 1897 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 2 | Frederick H. Gillett | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 3 | John R. Thayer | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 4 | Charles Q. Tirrell | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 5 | William S. Knox | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 6 | Vacant | Incumbent resigned May 1, 1902 to become U.S. Secretary of the Navy. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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Massachusetts 7 | Ernest W. Roberts | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 8 | Samuel W. McCall | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 9 | Joseph A. Conry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Citizens Democratic gain. |
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Massachusetts 10 | Henry F. Naphen | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Massachusetts 11 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Massachusetts 12 | Samuel L. Powers | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 13 | William S. Greene | Republican | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Massachusetts 14 | William C. Lovering | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Mississippi 1 | Ezekiel S. Candler Jr. | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 2 | Thomas Spight | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Mississippi 3 | Pat Henry | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 4 | Andrew F. Fox | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Mississippi 5 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 6 | None (New district) | New district. Democratic gain. |
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Mississippi 7 | Charles E. Hooker | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. Democratic loss. |
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Frank A. McLain Redistricted from the 6th district . | Democratic | 1898 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
Mississippi 8 | John S. Williams Redistricted from the 5th district . | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Montana at-large | Caldwell Edwards | Populist | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Nebraska 1 | Elmer Burkett | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Nebraska 2 | David H. Mercer | Republican | 1892 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Democratic gain. |
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Nebraska 3 | John S. Robinson | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 4 | William L. Stark | Populist | 1896 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 5 | Ashton C. Shallenberger | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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Nebraska 6 | William Neville | Populist | 1899 (special) | Incumbent retired. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
North Dakota at-large 2 seats on a general ticket | Thomas F. Marshall | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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None (New seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Oregon 1 | Thomas H. Tongue | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected, but died before next term began. |
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Oregon 2 | Malcolm A. Moody | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Republican hold. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Carolina 1 | William Elliott | Democratic | 1886 1896 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 2 | W. Jasper Talbert | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for Governor of South Carolina. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 3 | Asbury Latimer | Democratic | 1892 | Incumbent retired to run for U.S. senator. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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South Carolina 4 | Joseph T. Johnson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 5 | David E. Finley | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 6 | Robert B. Scarborough | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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South Carolina 7 | Asbury F. Lever | Democratic | 1901 (special) | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
South Dakota at-large (2 seats elected on a general ticket) | Charles H. Burke | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Eben Martin | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Tennessee 1 | Walter P. Brownlow | Republican | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 2 | Henry R. Gibson | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 3 | John A. Moon | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 4 | Charles E. Snodgrass | Democratic | 1898 | Incumbent lost renomination. New member elected. Democratic hold. |
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Tennessee 5 | James D. Richardson | Democratic | 1884 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 6 | John W. Gaines | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 7 | Lemuel P. Padgett | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 8 | Thetus W. Sims | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 9 | Rice A. Pierce | Democratic | 1896 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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Tennessee 10 | Malcolm R. Patterson | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Washington at-large (3 seats elected on a general ticket) | Wesley L. Jones | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
Others
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Francis W. Cushman | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. | ||
None (new seat) | New seat. Republican gain. |
District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
West Virginia 1 | Blackburn B. Dovener | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 2 | Alston G. Dayton | Republican | 1894 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 3 | Joseph H. Gaines | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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West Virginia 4 | None (New district) | New district. Republican gain. |
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West Virginia 5 | James A. Hughes Redistricted from the 4th district | Republican | 1900 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Member | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Wyoming at-large | Frank W. Mondell | Republican | 1898 | Incumbent re-elected. |
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District | Incumbent | This race | |||
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Delegate | Party | First elected | Results | Candidates | |
Arizona Territory at-large | Marcus A. Smith | Democratic | 1900 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Democratic hold. |
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Hawaii Territory at-large | Robert Wilcox | Home Rule | 1900 | Incumbent lost re-election. New member elected. Republican gain. |
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New Mexico Territory at-large | |||||
Oklahoma Territory at-large | Dennis T. Flynn | Republican | 1892 1894 (lost) 1898 | Incumbent retired. New delegate elected. Republican hold. |
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The 1910 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1910, while Maine and Vermont held theirs early in September, in the middle of President William Howard Taft's term. Elections were held for all 391 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 46 states, to the 62nd United States Congress.
The 1908 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 3, 1908, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the 1908 United States presidential election, which William Howard Taft won. Elections were held for all 391 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 46 states, to serve in the 61st United States Congress.
The 1906 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1906, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They occurred in the middle of President Theodore Roosevelt's second term. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 60th United States Congress.
The 1904 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1904, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the election to a full term of President Theodore Roosevelt. Elections were held for 386 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 59th United States Congress.
The 1900 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1900, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the re-election of President William McKinley. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 57th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1898 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1898, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They were held during the middle of President William McKinley's first term. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 56th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1896 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 3, 1896, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the election of President William McKinley. Elections were held for 357 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 45 states, to serve in the 55th United States Congress. The size of the House increased by one seat after Utah gained statehood on January 4, 1896. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1894 United States House of Representatives elections were held from June 4, 1894 to November 6, 1894, with special elections throughout the year. Elections were held to elect representatives from all 356 congressional districts across each of the 44 U.S. states at the time, as well as non-voting delegates from the inhabited U.S. territories. The winners of this election served in the 54th Congress, with seats apportioned among the states based on the 1890 United States census.
The 1892 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 8, 1892, with Oregon, Maine, and Vermont holding theirs early in either June or September. They coincided with the election of Grover Cleveland as president for the second, non-continuous, time, defeating incumbent Benjamin Harrison. Elections were held for 356 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 44 states, to serve in the 53rd United States Congress. They were the first elections after reapportionment following the 1890 United States census, increasing the size of the House. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1890 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1890, with five states holding theirs early in between June and October. They occurred in the middle of President Benjamin Harrison's term. Elections were held for 332 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 44 states, to serve in the 52nd United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1888 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 6, 1888, with three states holding theirs early between June and September. They occurred at the same time as the election of President Benjamin Harrison. Elections were initially held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 51st United States Congress. Six new states would later join the union and increase the House to 332 seats. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1886 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 2, 1886, with three states holding theirs early between June and September. They occurred in the middle of President Grover Cleveland's first term. Elections were held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 50th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1884 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 4, 1884, with four states holding theirs early between June and October. They coincided with the election of President Grover Cleveland. Elections were held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 49th United States Congress. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1882 United States House of Representatives elections were held for the most part on November 7, 1882, with five states holding theirs early between June and October. They occurred during President Chester A. Arthur's term. Elections were held for 325 seats of the United States House of Representatives, representing 38 states, to serve in the 48th United States Congress. They were the first elections after reapportionment following the 1880 United States census, increasing the size of the House. Special elections were also held throughout the year.
The 1876–77 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1876, and March 13, 1877. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 45th United States Congress convened on October 15, 1877. The size of the House increased to 293 seats with the addition of the new state of Colorado.
The 1874–75 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 1, 1874, and September 7, 1875. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 44th United States Congress convened on December 6, 1875. Elections were held for all 292 seats, representing 37 states.
The 1872–73 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 4, 1872, and April 7, 1873. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before the first session of the 43rd United States Congress convened on December 1, 1873. They coincided with the re-election of United States President Ulysses S. Grant. The congressional reapportionment based on the 1870 United States census increased the number of House seats to 292.
The 1868–69 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 1, 1868, and August 2, 1869. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives before or after the first session of the 41st United States Congress convened on March 4, 1869. They coincided with the 1868 United States presidential election, which was won by Ulysses S. Grant. Elections were held for all 243 seats, representing 37 states. All of the former Confederate states were represented in Congress for the first time since they seceded from the Union.
The 1864–65 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between June 5, 1864, and November 7, 1865, in the midst of the American Civil War and President Abraham Lincoln's reelection. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. Members were elected before the first session of the 39th United States Congress convened on December 4, 1865, including the at-large seat from the new state of Nevada, and the 8 from Tennessee, the first secessionist state to be readmitted. The other 10 secessionist states had not yet been readmitted, and therefore were not seated.
The 1846–47 United States House of Representatives elections were held on various dates in various states between August 2, 1846 and November 2, 1847. Each state set its own date for its elections to the House of Representatives. 228 elected members representing 29 states took their seats when the first session of the 30th United States Congress convened December 6, 1847. The new states of Iowa and Texas elected their first representatives during this election cycle. These elections were held during President James K. Polk's term.