Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus

Last updated

Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus
Part of the Chechen–Russian conflict, post-Soviet conflicts, War against the Islamic State and the aftermath of the insurgency in the North Caucasus
Fire of the "Crocus City Hall" building after the terrorist attack.jpg
Fire of the "Crocus City Hall" building after the terrorist attack perpetred by the Islamic State
Date20 December 2017 – present
(6 years, 4 months and 15 days)
Location
North Caucasus, Russia (with spillover in other Russian territories)
Status Ongoing as a hit-and-run campaign
Belligerents

Flag of Russia.svg  Russia

AQMI Flag asymmetric.svg  Islamic State

Flag of Jihad.svg Other Islamist groups and lone wolves
Commanders and leaders
Heads of republics and krais
Islamic State caliphs
Units involved
 Military of the Islamic State
Casualties and losses
23 killed, 75 wounded [lower-alpha 1] 186 killed, 5 wounded [lower-alpha 2]
156 civilians killed, 571 injured [lower-alpha 3]
1 Russian soldier killed by a landmine explosion [33]

The Islamic State insurgency in the North Caucasus is ongoing terror activity of the Islamic State branch in the North Caucasus after the insurgency of the Caucasus Emirate.

Contents

History

From 2015, during the Insurgency in the North Caucasus, after the series of killings of leaders of the Caucasus Emirate by the Russian army between 2013 and 2014, they led to the weakening of the terrorist organization, leaving several members of IS, veterans of the Syrian Civil War and the Civil War in Iraq, founded a Province of IS in the North Caucasus. [34] On 23 June 2015, IS's spokesman Abu Mohammad al-Adnani accepted these pledges and announced the creation of a new Wilayah, or Province, covering the North Caucasus region. Adnani named Asildarov as the IS leader of this area and called on other militants in the region to follow him. [35] [36]

The first attack of the group occurred on a Russian military base in southern Dagestan on 2 September 2015. [37] In a video also released in September, Asildarov called on IS supporters in the Caucasus to join the fight there, rather than travel to Iraq and Syria. [38]

From 2015 to 2017, the group made other attacks on civilians and the security fources, causing more than 180 deaths. [39] By the end of 2017, a lot of the subversive and terrorist groups operating in North Caucasus were eliminated and the insurgency in the North Caucasus was officially declared over on 19 December of the same year, when FSB Director Alexander Bortnikov announced the final elimination of the insurgent underground in the North Caucasus. [40] [41]

After this, the Caucasus Emirate and the IS Caucasus Province were disbanded, leaving a lot of underground groups to continue the insurgency. From the end of the insurgency in the North Caucasus, one of the most violent terrorist attack perpetrated by the Islamic State in Russia was the mass shooting into a church in Kizlyar on 18 February 2018 causing six deaths (including the perpetrator) and 4 injured. [42]

On 21 April 2018, in a clash between Russian security forces and IS, nine IS militants were killed in Dagestan. [43]

On 20 August 2018, IS launched attacks in Chechnya, injuring a number of policemen; five suspected IS members were killed. [44]

On 31 December 2018, an apartment block collapse in Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast, Russia. The collapse, claimed by ISIS-CP but later denied, killed 39 people and injured 17 more. [45] On 24 January 2019, IS attacked a police post, leaving four IS members killed and one policeman injured in Kabardino-Balkaria. [46]

On 1 July 2019, ISIS claimed responsibility for an attack on a police officer at a checkpoint in the Achkhoy-Martonovsky district of Chechnya, who was stabbed to death. The attacker was shot and killed as he threw a grenade at other officers. [47]

On 20 January 2021, Aslan Byutukayev, also known as Emir Khamzat and Abubakar, a Chechen insurgent commander of the Islamic State, was killed alongside five other IS militants in a special operation launched by the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Chechnya in Katyr-Yurt, Chechnya; four soldiers were injured. [48] The regime of counter-terrorist operations (CTO), a special legal regime that is applied in Russia in case of terrorist threats, began in Ingushetia from 3 April 2023 due to attacks by ISIS jihadists against Russian security forces. [49] The clashes resulted in 5 deaths, three Russian soldiers and two jihadists, 11 wounded Russian soldiers and two captured jihadists. [50]

On 2 March 2024, six gunmen were killed in a shoot-out with the police in Karabulak in the Russian republic of Ingushetia. The Russian authorities claimed that the men were associated with the Islamic State. [51] [52]

On 22 March 2024, four Tajik ISIS–K gunmen launched an attack on a concert hall and shopping mall in Krasnogorsk, Russia, with rifles and incendiaries, killing 145 and marking the group's first attack beyond Afghanistan's neighbors. [53] [54]

On 22 April 2024, suspected ISIS gunmen attacked a Russian police patrol in the town of Karachayevsk in Russia’s North Caucasus republic of Karachayevo-Cherkessia, killing 2 police officers and wounding a third, in addition to seizing their service weapons (a pistol and rifle) and some ammunition. [55]

On 28 April 2024, suspected ISIS gunmen attacked a Russian police post in the village of Mara-Ayagy of the Karachay-Cherkess Republic, driving up to the police post before throwing explosives and opening fire, killing 2 police officer and wounding at least 4 others. All of the attackers were allegedly killed during the attack. [56]

Spillover in Azerbaijan

On 2 July 2019, as part of a series of videos showing supporters and fighters of IS around the world renewing their pledge of allegiance to IS, a video was published from Azerbaijan featuring three fighters armed with Kalashnikov style rifles pledging their allegiance to Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi. The video was formally released by IS declaring it the Azerbaijan Wilayat. [57]

War crimes

The rebels have committed extensive war crimes, targeting and murdering civilians on many occasions during the insurgency. [58] But also the Russian government perpetred war crimes. A short video on Telegram allegedly showed one of the Crocus City attackers being tortured by FSB agents, who cut off his ear and forced him to eat it. [59] [60]

List of clashes in the North Caucasus

Casualties

YearKilledInjuredRef.
2017113 [25] [32]
20188226 [11]
20193113 [12] [13] [14] [15]
20204511 [26] [16] [17] [18]
20212010 [19] [27] [28] [29]
202260 [30] [20]
20231413 [21] [22] [23]
2024169564 [24] [4] [31] [55] [61] [62]
Total368654

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ 7 killed and 23 wounded in 2018, [11] 4 killed and 10 wounded in 2019, [12] [13] [14] [15] 4 killed and 11 wounded in 2020, [16] [17] [18] 8 wounded in 2021, [19] 1 killed in 2022, [20] 3 killed and 11 wounded in 2023, [21] [22] [23] 4 killed and 10 wounded in 2024 [24] [4]
  2. ↑ 1 killed in 2017, [25] 65 killed in 2018, [11] 26 killed and 1 wounded in 2019, [12] [13] [14] [15] 41 killed in 2020, [26] [16] [17] [18] 19 killed and 1 wounded in 2021, [19] [27] [28] [29] 5 killed in 2022, [30] [20] 11 killed and 1 wounded in 2023, [21] [22] [23] 18 killed and 2 wounded in 2024 [24] [4] [1] [31]
  3. ↑ 13 injured in 2017, [32] 10 killed and 3 injured in 2018, [11] 2 injured in 2019, [12] [14] 1 killed and 1 injured in 2021, [19] 1 injured in 2023, [23] 145 killed and 551 injured in 2024

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  54. ↑ Schmitt, Eric (22 March 2024). "What We Know About ISIS-K, the Group That Claimed Responsibility for the Moscow Attack". New York Times . Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  55. 1 2 "2 Police Officers Killed in Armed Attack in Russia's North Caucasus". The Moscow Times. 22 April 2024.
  56. ↑ "Two died, four were in hospital: what is known about the attack on police in Karachay-Cherkessia". 72RU. 29 April 2024.
  57. ↑ "New video message from the Islamic State: "And the [Best] Outcome is for the Righteous – Azerbaijan"".
  58. ↑ "Russia Dagestan shooting: Five women killed in attack on churchgoers". BBC News. 19 February 2018. Retrieved 27 March 2018.
  59. ↑ "Video circulates showing Russian security agent cutting off the ear of an apprehended terrorist suspect and forcing him to eat it". Meduza . 23 March 2024. Archived from the original on 23 March 2024. Retrieved 23 March 2024.
  60. ↑
  61. ↑ Caucasus.Realities, RFE/RL's. "Five Suspects Named In Deadly Attack On Police In Russia's Karachai-Cherkessia". RadioFreeEurope/RadioLiberty. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
  62. ↑ "Погибли двое, четверо в больнице: что известно о нападении на полицейских в Карачаево-Черкесии". 72.ру - новости Тюмени (in Russian). 29 April 2024. Retrieved 5 May 2024.
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