1984 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses

Last updated

1984 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses
Flag of Iowa (xrmap collection).svg
← 1980February 20, 1984 (1984-02-20)1988 →
NH  →
58 Democratic National Convention delegates
  Walter Mondale (1).jpg Gary Hart 1984 (cropped).jpg George McGovern (D-SD) (3x4-1).jpg
Candidate Walter Mondale Gary Hart George McGovern
Home state Minnesota Colorado South Dakota
Delegate count35202
SDEs1,444.8486.3303.1
Percentage of SDEs48.9%16.5%10.3%
  NOTA Option Logo 3x4.svg Walter Mondale with Senator Alan Cranston - NARA - 176249 (cropped).jpg
CandidateUncommitted Alan Cranston
Home state– California
Delegate count10
SDEs277.4219.5
Percentage of SDEs9.4%7.4%
1984 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses by county.svg
1984 Iowa Democratic delegation allocation by district.svg
  Walter Mondale
  Gary Hart
  George McGovern
  Tie

The 1984 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses took place on February 20 in Iowa, as usual marking the Democratic Party's first nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 1984 presidential election.

Contents

Walter Mondale won a plurality of the precinct caucus and received a majority of the state's delegates. John Glenn, who hoped to place second, performed poorly in sixth place while Gary Hart placed second.

Procedure

Precinct caucuses were held on February 20, 1984, to select delegates who would attend county conventions on April 7. The county conventions would select delegates for district conventions on May 5, where 34 delegates would be selected from the state's six congressional districts. 24 delegates were selected at the state convention. [1] 8 of the 58 delegates were uncommitted superdelegates. [2] [3] Candidates had to receive 15% of the vote at the precinct level to qualify for delegates. [4]

The Democratic National Committee prohibited Iowa from holding its caucuses prior to February 27, 1984. However, on November 19, 1983, the Iowa Democratic State Committee voted 20 to 10 to move the caucuses to February 20, violating the order to be eight days before the New Hampshire primary, which was also in violation of the schedule. [5] [6] [4]

Former state chair Edward Campbell, Jean Haugland, and Charles Gifford filed a lawsuit to delay the caucuses. They argued that the early date violated the national rules and would unconstitutionally risk their delegation. However, U.S. District Judge Donald E. O'Brien ruled on January 17, 1984, that he chose between the "two significant negative impacts" of delaying the caucuses or risking the seating of Iowa's delegation. [7] The DNC chose to not penalize Iowa, which would have reduced its delegation size. [5]

Campaign

Bill Romjue, who managed Jimmy Carter's 1980 campaign in Iowa, managed Hart's campaign in Iowa, but later quit. [8] Hart's campaign was bolstered by his second place showing. [9]

Maria Menne managed Reubin Askew's campaign. [10] Askew set a goal of placing fourth. He attempted to appeal to anti-abortion and conservative voters to bolster his support. Iowan anti-abortion activists Carolyn Thompson and CeCe Zenti worked on his campaign. [10] [11] [12]

John Law managed Alan Cranston's campaign. [4] Cranston, a supporter of the Nuclear Freeze campaign, hoped to capitalize on The Day After and scheduled his paid media in Iowa to air during it. [13] Cranston set a goal of placing third in order "to emerge as an alternative to Mondale and Glenn". [14] [15]

Joe Trippi managed Mondale's campaign. [16] Judy Wilson, the chair of the Polk County Democratic Party, managed McGovern's campaign. [17] [18] McGovern spent $50,000 in Iowa. [19] Fritz Hollings and Jesse Jackson did not campaign in Iowa. [20] [21] [22]

Debates and forums

Four candidates attended a debate hosted by the Brown and Black Coalition in Des Moines on January 10. [23] [24] Eight candidates participated in a debate hosted by The Des Moines Register in Des Moines on February 11. [25] 593,000 people watched the debate and polling showed Mondale and McGovern performed the best. [26]

Six candidates attended a forum hosted by the Iowa Farm Unity Coalition and Rural America at Iowa State University in Ames on January 21. [27] [28] Cranston, Hart, and McGovern participated in a forum hosted by the Dubuque County Democratic Party on January 29. [29] [30]

Reactions and aftermath

Jerry Vento managed John Glenn's campaign in Iowa before replacing William White as Glenn's national campaign manager. [31] [32] Vento predicted that Glenn would place second with 15-20% of the vote. [20] Glenn stated that "We got whipped" after his poor showing in the caucus. [33]

David R. Nagle, chair of the Iowa Democratic Party, criticized television networks for declaring Mondale the winner before the results were reported at 8:30 PM. Mondale was projected as the winner by CBS News at 8:12 PM and NBC at 8:18 PM. Nagle, Charles Manatt, and Tim Wirth claimed that the early projections influenced the results. [34] [35]

Hart's campaign was bolstered by his second placing show. Hart, despite not winning Iowa, was now viewed as the only viable opponent to Mondale. Polling in New Hampshire initially showed Mondale defeating Hart, but Hart won the primary. Hart was polling below 10% nationally in late February, but was polling above 30% by March 2, and near 40% by March 6. [36]

Endorsements

Askew endorsements
Party officials
Cranston endorsements
Party officials
Glenn endorsements
Local officials
Party officials
Hart endorsements
Local officials
  • Roger Watson, member of the Mason, Iowa city council [38]
Party officials
McGovern endorsements
Party officials
Mondale endorsements
Federal officials
State officials
Party officials

Polling

Poll sourceDate(s)
administered		Sample
size		Margin
of error		Reubin
Askew		Alan
Cranston		John
Glenn		Gary
Hart		Fritz
Hollings		Jesse
Jackson		George
McGovern		Walter
Mondale		OthersUndecided
The Des Moines Register [41] November 28–December 6, 1983296 Democrats±6%1%9%20%3%–3%5%43%1%15%
The Des Moines Register [41] November 28–December 6, 1983118 LV±7%–12%16%3%–3%8%42%2%14%
The Des Moines Register [42] [43] December 27, 1983–January 10, 1984299 Democrats±6%–6%20%4%–3%6%49%1%11%
The Des Moines Register [42] [43] December 27, 1983–January 10, 1984108 LV±10%1%6%21%6%–4%6%45%1%10%
The Des Moines Register [44] February 12–16, 198466 LV±12%–17%11%14%–4%7%44%–3%

Results

Results by county for all candidates except Walter Mondale. Hart McGovern Cranston Askew Uncommitted Tie 1984 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses by non-Mondale candidates.svg
Results by county for all candidates except Walter Mondale.
  Hart
  McGovern
  Cranston
  Askew
  Uncommitted
  Tie

Projections based on the initial precinct results gave Mondale 48 of the 50 committed delegates. [3]

The 13,500 delegates selected at the caucuses voted for 3,201 delegates at the county conventions. 1,654 delegates were for Mondale, 949 for Hart, 248 for McGovern, 36 for Jackson, and 314 were uncommitted. [45] [46]

The delegates to the district conventions selected 20 delegates for Mondale, 13 for Hart, and 1 for McGovern despite him having dropped out. [47] Jackson delegates to the 1st district convention staged a walkout after failing to elect a delegate to the state convention. [48] Jackson delegates to the 3rd district convention claimed that five of their ballots were destroyed. [49]

3,201 delegates were eligible to attend the state convention, but only 2,400 participated. Of the delegates present 1,358 were for Mondale, 698 for Hart, 160 for McGovern, 68 for Jackson, 1 for Cranston, and 156 were uncommitted. The state convention selected 15 delegates for Mondale, 7 for Hart, and 2 were uncommitted. [50] A deal was reached between the Hart campaign and the remaining Jackson, McGovern, and uncommitted delegates in which they would support Hart, giving him another delegate, in exchange for Hart giving McGovern one of his at-large delegates. [51] This was done to prevent Mondale from gaining another delegate. [52]

Berkley Bedell, Minnette Doderer, Tom Harkin, Barbara Leach, Tom Miller, Nagle, and Neal Smith served as superdelegates. Six supported Mondale, one supported Hart, and one was uncommitted. [53] [52] Smith was the chair of the delegation to the national convention. [54]

1984 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses
CandidatePreference vote [55] Precinct caucuses [56] [55] County conventions [46] District convention delegates [47] State convention delegates [50] Total delegates [51]
Walter Mondale 27,896 (44.54%)1,444.8 (48.9%)1,654201535
Gary Hart 9,286 (14.83%)486.3 (16.5%)94913720
George McGovern 7,896 (12.61%)303.1 (10.3%)248112
Uncommitted4,701 (7.51%)277.4 (9.4%)314011
Alan Cranston 5,617 (8.97%)219.5 (7.4%)0000
John Glenn 3,310 (3.33)102.2 (3.5%)0000
Reubin Askew 2,08473.7 (2.5%)0000
Jesse Jackson 1,670 (2.67%)45.2 (1.5%)36000
Fritz Hollings 165 (0.26%)1.4 (0.0%)0000
Total62,625100%3,201342458

Delegates

Iowa delegates to the 1984 Democratic National Convention [49] [51]
1st district2nd district3rd district4th district5th district6th districtMondale state delegatesHart state delegatesMcGovern state delegatesSuperdelegates [lower-alpha 1] [52]
Gerald MesserConnie ClarkJames KacherAngelyn King Rod Halvorson Betty Strong Lowell Junkins Karen MerrickBryant Hulstrom Neal Smith
Patsy RamacittiLloyd FrellingerTom LongSydney HoweSylvia WilenskyDelbert LairdCharles GiffordSteve Lynch Tom Harkin
Carol CarterRobert RundiBeverly FullJames WengertKim MollVirginia TornellPhil KraftJanice Lyle Berkley Bedell
Philip WiseBridget JanusSheila McGuireDorothy WoodsDixon TerryDean LossBetty TalkingtonKathy Maudsley Tom Miller
Rizwana AmjedRick DickisonJeffrey WinickFred Strickland Jr.Louise TinleyBarbara HartieJoy LoweJean Pardee Minnette Doderer
Patrick McCabeArturo SierraJean DoughertyRuss WoodrickNancy WalkerBarbara Leach [53] [54]
James CarnahanLarry Hamilton David R. Nagle [53]
Raynae Lagunus
Cecelia McGuire
Ethelene Boyd Owens

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 United States presidential election</span> 50th quadrennial U.S. presidential election

The 1984 United States presidential election was the 50th quadrennial presidential election held on Tuesday, November 6, 1984. Incumbent Republican president Ronald Reagan was re-elected to a second term defeating Democratic former vice president Walter Mondale in a landslide victory.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Iowa caucuses</span> United States electoral event

The Iowa caucuses are quadrennial electoral events for the Democratic and Republican parties in the U.S. state of Iowa. Unlike primary elections, where registered voters cast ballots at polling places on election day, Iowa caucuses are meetings where voters gather to discuss and select candidates for their registered party. Political parties hold the caucuses, in contrast to most state-run primaries. Both presidential and midterm elections in Iowa use caucuses. The caucuses are also held to select delegates to county conventions and party committees, among other party activities.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Super Tuesday</span> Day with many US presidential primary elections

Super Tuesday is the United States presidential primary election day in February or March when the greatest number of U.S. states hold primary elections and caucuses. Approximately one-third of all delegates to the presidential nominating conventions can be won on Super Tuesday, more than on any other day. The results on Super Tuesday are therefore a strong indicator of the likely eventual presidential nominee of each political party.

In American politics, a superdelegate is a delegate to a presidential nominating convention who is seated automatically.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 Democratic National Convention</span> U.S. political event held in San Francisco, California

The 1984 Democratic National Convention was held at the Moscone Center in San Francisco, California from July 16 to July 19, 1984, to select candidates for the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was nominated for president and Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York was nominated for vice president. Ferraro became the first woman to be nominated by either major party for the presidency or vice presidency. In another first, the 1984 Democratic Convention was chaired by the female governor of Kentucky, Martha Layne Collins. The Democratic National Committee Chairman at the time, Charles T. Manatt, led the convention.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses</span> Democratic caucus in the 2008 election

The 2008 Iowa Democratic presidential caucus occurred on January 3, and was the state caucuses of the Iowa Democratic Party. It was the first election for the Democrats of the 2008 presidential election. Also referred to as "the First in the Nation Caucus," it was the first election of the primary season on both the Democratic and Republican sides. Of the eight major Democratic presidential candidates, then-U.S. Senator Barack Obama of Illinois received the most votes and was ultimately declared the winner of the Iowa Democratic Caucus of 2008, making him the first African American to win the caucus and the first African American to win a primary state since Jesse Jackson in 1988. Former U.S. Senator John Edwards of North Carolina came in second place and then-U.S. Senator Hillary Clinton of New York finished third, though Clinton received more delegates than Edwards. Campaigning had begun as early as two years before the event.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses</span>

The 2008 Iowa Republican presidential caucuses took place on January 3, 2008. The Iowa Republican caucuses are an unofficial primary, with the delegates to the state convention selected proportionally via a straw poll. The Iowa caucuses mark the traditional formal start of the delegate selection process for the 2008 United States presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 Democratic Party presidential primaries</span> Selection of the Democratic Party nominee

From February 20 to June 12, 1984, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1984 United States presidential election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1984 Democratic National Convention held from July 16 to July 19, 1984, in San Francisco, California.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1980 Democratic Party presidential primaries</span> Selection of the Democratic Party nominee

From January 21 to June 3, 1980, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1980 United States presidential election. Incumbent President Jimmy Carter was again selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses, culminating in the 1980 Democratic National Convention, held from August 11 to 14, 1980, in New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1972 Democratic Party presidential primaries</span> Selection of the Democratic Party nominee

From January 24 to June 20, 1972, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1972 United States presidential election. Senator George McGovern of South Dakota was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections, caucuses, and state party conventions, culminating in the 1972 Democratic National Convention held from July 10 to July 13, 1972, in Miami, Florida.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1976 Democratic Party presidential primaries</span> Primary election process

From January 27 to June 8, 1976, voters of the Democratic Party chose its nominee for president in the 1976 United States presidential election. Former Georgia governor Jimmy Carter was selected as the nominee through a series of primary elections and caucuses culminating in the 1976 Democratic National Convention held from July 12 to July 15, 1976, in New York City.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 United States presidential election in Iowa</span>

The 2008 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 4, 2008, as part of the 2008 United States presidential election. Voters chose seven representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 United States presidential election in Vermont</span> Election in Vermont

The 1984 United States presidential election in Vermont took place on November 6, 1984, as part of the 1984 United States presidential election, which was held throughout all 50 states and D.C. Voters chose three representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 United States presidential election in Hawaii</span> Election in Hawaii

The 1984 United States presidential election in Hawaii took place on November 6, 1984. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1984 United States presidential election. Hawaii voters chose 4 electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States. Hawaii was won by incumbent United States President Ronald Reagan of California, who was running against former Vice President Walter Mondale of Minnesota. Reagan ran for a second time with former C.I.A. Director George H. W. Bush of Texas, and Mondale ran with Representative Geraldine Ferraro of New York, the first major female candidate for the vice presidency.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 United States presidential election in Iowa</span>

The 1984 United States presidential election in Iowa took place on November 6, 1984. All 50 states and the District of Columbia, were part of the 1984 United States presidential election. Voters chose eight electors to the Electoral College, which selected the president and vice president of the United States.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 Democratic Party vice presidential candidate selection</span>

This article lists those who were potential candidates for the Democratic nomination for vice president of the United States in the 1984 election. Former Vice President Walter Mondale won the 1984 Democratic nomination for president of the United States, and chose New York Representative Geraldine Ferraro as his running mate. Ferraro was the first woman to be a part of a national ticket for a major party. Mondale chose Ferraro in hopes of energizing the base and winning the votes of women, but also because he viewed her as a solid legislator who had won the approval of Speaker Tip O'Neill. The Mondale–Ferraro ticket ultimately lost to the Reagan–Bush ticket. This is the last time the Democratic vice presidential nominee was not the incumbent vice president or a senator, and, not counting the times when the incumbent president was running for re-election, the last time the Democratic vice presidential nominee was not a senator.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses</span>

The 2016 Iowa Democratic presidential caucuses were held on Monday February 1 in Iowa, as usual marking the Democratic Party's first nominating contest in their series of presidential primaries ahead of the 2016 presidential election.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1984 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary</span>

The 1984 New Hampshire Democratic presidential primary was held on February 28, 1984, in New Hampshire as one of the Democratic Party's statewide nomination contests ahead of the 1984 United States presidential election.

This is a list of endorsements for declared candidates in the Democratic primaries for the 1984 United States presidential election.

"Uncommitted" is a voting option in some United States presidential primaries. This option is listed along with the names of individuals running for the position and is often described as "none of the above". Depending on state and party thresholds, voting uncommitted may allow states to send uncommitted delegates to a party's nominating convention.

References

  1. ↑ "Caucuses just first step in delegate selection". The Gazette . February 21, 1984. p. 10A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  2. ↑ "Mondale's foes say 1984 Democratic campaign is just getting started". The Des Moines Register . February 22, 1984. p. 6A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  3. 1 2 "Democrats quickly turn to New Hampshire". Sioux City Journal . February 22, 1984. p. A16. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  4. 1 2 3 Gailey, Phil (November 21, 1983). "Dark Horse Likes Iowa Caucus Rules". The New York Times . Archived from the original on February 15, 2024.
  5. 1 2 "Iowa wins dispute; Democrats agree to seat convention delegates". The Des Moines Register . May 4, 1984. p. 5A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  6. ↑ "Will Iowa remain first?". The Des Moines Register . February 12, 1984. p. 2P. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  7. ↑ "Judge keeps Feb. 20 as caucus date". The Des Moines Register . January 18, 1984. p. 1A. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  8. ↑ "Good debate performances helped revive Hart's campaign in Iowa". The Des Moines Register . February 21, 1984. p. 7A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  9. ↑ Ranney 1985, p. 48-50.
  10. 1 2 Gailey, Phil (February 11, 1984). "To Iowa Democratic Leaders, Reubin Askew Remains 'That Masked Man'". The New York Times . Archived from the original on February 13, 2024.
  11. ↑ "Iowa anti-abortion voters could buoy Askew". The Des Moines Register . January 8, 1984. p. 4B. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  12. ↑ "Askew hires anti-abortion activists to aid campaign". The Des Moines Register . January 4, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  13. ↑ Ranney 1985, p. 168.
  14. ↑ "Sen. Alan Cranston's campaign manager said Thursday Cranston must..." United Press International . December 15, 1983. Archived from the original on February 15, 2024.
  15. ↑ Richards, Clay (February 15, 1984). "Cranston, Hart work Iowa differently". United Press International . Archived from the original on February 15, 2024.
  16. ↑ "Street-tough Kennedy team now organizing for Mondale". The Des Moines Register . February 26, 1984. p. 3B. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  17. ↑ "Delegates joke about recent Jepsen disclosure". The Des Moines Register . June 10, 1984. p. 5B. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  18. ↑ Peterson, Bill (November 27, 1983). "McGovern Uses Long-Shot Status to Speak Freely". The Washington Post . Archived from the original on February 12, 2024.
  19. ↑ "New Hampshire party leaders say Hart gaining strength rapidly". The Des Moines Register . February 26, 1984. p. 5A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  20. 1 2 "Depth of Glenn's defeat". The Daily Nonpareil . February 21, 1984. p. 2. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  21. ↑ "Tonight, winners could be losers, and vice versa". Quad-City Times . February 20, 1984. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  22. ↑ Raines, Howell (February 19, 1984). "Candidates Facing First Major Test In Iowa Caucuses". The New York Times . Archived from the original on May 16, 2023.
  23. ↑ "Cranston will join debate". Muscatine Journal . January 2, 1984. p. 5A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  24. ↑ "Democrats woo minority voters". Quad-City Times . January 11, 1984. p. 3. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  25. ↑ "Candidates spar in D.M. debate". The Des Moines Register . February 12, 1984. p. 1A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  26. ↑ "Hart, McGovern impress older Iowans". The Des Moines Register . February 17, 1984. p. 5A. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  27. ↑ "1,500 hear 6 Democrats rap Reagan". The Des Moines Register . January 22, 1984. p. 1A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  28. ↑ "Democratic candidates 'warm up' for today's farm forum in Ames". The Des Moines Register . January 21, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  29. ↑ "Hart, Cranston, McGovern spar in Dubuque". The Des Moines Register . January 30, 1984. p. 1A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  30. ↑ "3 hopefuls back Jackson trip to Syria". The Des Moines Register . January 30, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  31. ↑ "Glenn shakeup". Quad-City Times . January 27, 1984. p. 12. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  32. ↑ "Glenn says race for presidency has just begun". The Des Moines Register . January 28, 1984. p. 2A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  33. ↑ "Mondale claims 'great victory' at caucuses". Globe Gazette . February 21, 1984. p. 1. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  34. ↑ "Democrats protest early TV projections". Iowa City Press-Citizen . February 21, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  35. ↑ "TV networks criticized for caucus projections". The Des Moines Register . February 28, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  36. ↑ Ranney 1985, p. 179; 189-190.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Many voters still undecided, 'soft'". The Des Moines Register . February 5, 1984. p. 5A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  38. 1 2 3 "Mason City shows how campaigns stand". Globe Gazette . February 15, 1984. p. 4. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  39. ↑ Smith, Hedrick (November 25, 1983). "Iowa Democrats Say Only Mondale's Margin Of Victory In Doubt". The New York Times . Archived from the original on February 15, 2024.
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 "Mondale says he's offering voters a 'real Democrat'". The Gazette . January 29, 1984. p. 24A. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  41. 1 2 "Depth of Glenn's defeat". The Des Moines Register . December 18, 1983. p. A4. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  42. 1 2 "Glenn moves to solid No. 2 spot on poll". The Des Moines Register . January 15, 1984. p. 1B. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  43. 1 2 "Reagan, Mondale nearly even in poll". The Des Moines Register . January 15, 1984. p. 6B. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  44. ↑ "Most likely for 2nd place: 'Uncommitted'". The Des Moines Register . February 19, 1984. p. 4A. Archived from the original on February 14, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  45. ↑ "Democratic caucuses start again Saturday". Iowa City Press-Citizen . April 6, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  46. 1 2 "Iowa's Democratic delegate count". The Des Moines Register . April 9, 1984. p. 6A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  47. 1 2 "Iowa's Democratic delegate count". The Des Moines Register . May 6, 1984. p. 1B. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  48. ↑ "Jackson backers walk out". Quad-City Times . May 6, 1984. p. 20A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  49. 1 2 "Third District Democrats struggle hours to pick delegates". Quad-City Times . May 7, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  50. 1 2 "Mondale forces dominate state convention". The Des Moines Register . June 10, 1984. p. 1B. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  51. 1 2 3 "Deadlock delays vote". The Gazette . June 11, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  52. 1 2 3 "Mondale appears winner of more Iowa delegates". Sioux City Journal . June 10, 1984. p. A1. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  53. 1 2 3 "Campbell will try to unseat Democratic chairman Nagle". The Des Moines Register . June 11, 1984. p. 3A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  54. 1 2 "Iowans try to bury hatchet and win elections at home". The Des Moines Register . July 18, 1984. p. 4A. Archived from the original on February 12, 2024 – via Newspapers.com.
  55. 1 2 Wormser 1984, p. 46.
  56. ↑ Register 1993, p. 591.

Notes

  1. ↑ Official uncommitted, but stated their presidential preference

Works cited

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.