Climate of West Bengal

Last updated

The climate of West Bengal is varied, with tropical savannahs in the southern portions of the state, to humid subtropical areas in the north. Temperatures vary widely, and there are five distinct seasons. The area is vulnerable to heavy rainfall, monsoons, and cyclones. There are some mountains in the area which are generally cold all year round.

Contents

National Highway 31A winds along the banks of the Teesta River near Kalimpong, in the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region in West Bengal. Teestavalley.jpg
National Highway 31A winds along the banks of the Teesta River near Kalimpong, in the Darjeeling Himalayan hill region in West Bengal.

Seasons

There are five main seasons in West Bengal: spring, summer, rainy season, a short autumn, and winter.

Spring

Spring is considered the most pleasant season over the plains of West Bengal and lies from mid-February to mid-March and is also the time where Holi is celebrated. Temperatures range between 20 °C – 30 °C and no rainfall. Though occasional rain or light showers are witnessed due to Western disturbances in North India.

Summer

The summer season is observed from March to May in most of Bengal.

Temperature

In Bengal, summers can be extremely hot and have high humidity. The plains of South Bengal have a daily maximum temperature around 35–38 °C. [1] [2] It can also exceed 40 °C. [3] [4] [5] [6] [7] The western highlands experience a dry summer like northern India. During the day, the temperature ranges from 38 to 42 °C, though it can reach or exceed 45 °C. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] In summer, the plains of North Bengal are generally cooler than the west and south. [13] [14] [15] In this area, the daily maximum temperature varies from 26 to 32 °C. [16] It occasionally crosses 35 °C. The minimum temperature in summer is approximately 18–22 °C. The Darjeeling hill region is the coolest area in summer. Here, the daily highest temperature is 15–25 °C.

Rainfall

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in summer (March to May) [17]
CityAverage temperature (°C)Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 13.1446
Siliguri 24.2447
Jalpaiguri 24.0453
Malda 28.3188
Shantiniketan 29.4264
Behrampore 29.3136
Krishnagar 29.596
Asansol 30.0114
Bankura 29.9146
Kolkata 29.8227
Digha 28.4214
West Bengal26.9248.3

Monsoons

Period

In mid-June or early July, the monsoon season starts. [18] It continues until the end of September or early October.

Temperature

In most places, the temperature drops as cloud cover increases. This is less true for the mountains and the Terai Dooars plains, where temperature gradually increases until August.

The maximum temperature of South Bengal's plains and western highlands is 32 °C, [19] 31 °C in North Bengal plains and around 19–20 °C in mountains. Sometimes when the sky gets clear, the temperature rises suddenly. This is known as a monsoon break. This occurs mostly in North Bengal plains and in mountains in July and August when the temperature soars over 36 °C and 24 °C respectively. [20] [21] [22] [23] [24]

Rainfall

Most of the annual rainfall occurs during the monsoon period. Heavy rainfall above 250 cm is observed in the Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar and Cooch Behar district. [25] [26] [27] [28] [29] Later, blowing westwards, the winds cause average rainfall of 125 cm in the northern plains and western plateau region.

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities during monsoon season (June to September)
CityAverage temperature (°C)Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 16.42796
Siliguri 28.12651
Jalpaiguri 28.02674
Malda 29.61207
Shantiniketan 29.41510
Behrampore 30.21036
Krishnagar 29.41348
Asansol 29.51140
Bankura 30.31227
Kolkata 29.61358
Digha 29.11192
West Bengal28.11649.0

Autumn

Period

Autumn lasts for two months, October and November.

Temperature

In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns and clears the sky. So, the state gets enough sunshine to be warm in the day and releases a lot of heat to be cool at night.

At this time, a maximum temperature of 30–33 °C is felt over the plains and 17–19 °C in mountains. The minimum temperature is normally around 19–22 °C in plains and 6–11 °C in mountains. [30] Sometimes, cold waves blow over the state in autumn. [31] [32] [33]

Rainfall

In autumn, the southwest monsoon wind returns, and the northeast monsoon wind enters West Bengal. Due to their collision in Bay of Bengal, some cyclones are created. [34] [35] The cyclones cause some rainfall in the state.

Average temperature and Rainfall for Bengali cities in autumn (October and November)
CityAverage temperature (°C)Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 13.474
Siliguri 23.2181
Jalpaiguri 23.6169
Malda 26.2132
Shantiniketan 25.3212
Behrampore 26.2146
Krishnagar 26.5175
Asansol 24.8125
Bankura 25.994
Kolkata 26.6216
Digha 25.9240
West Bengal24.3160.4

Winter

Period

The winter season usually starts in December and ends in February. [36]

Temperature

In winter, a mild temperature is observed over the plains. The maximum temperature goes to 23–26 °C and the minimum temperature is 9–15 °C in plains of the state. The maximum and minimum temperature in the mountains range from 0–12 °C. Higher regions of the Darjeeling Himalayas get heavy snowfall during winter. [37] [38] [39]

The temperatures of the western highlands at night can drop 7–9 °C, [40] [41] [42] 4–7 °C in Siliguri, Jalpaiguri, Coochbehar plains [43] [44] [45] [46] and 10–11 °C in Kolkata [47] [48] [49] [50] when cold waves blow. Darjeeling's temperature can drop below freezing point.

Rainfall

Winter is generally dry. Most days are sunny. Occasionally, slight rainfall occurs because of conditions in northwest India. These are known as western disturbances.

Average temperature and Rainfall for some cities in Winter (December to February)
CityAverage temperature (°C)Average Rainfall (mm)
Darjeeling 7.630
Siliguri 17.360
Jalpaiguri 18.936
Malda 20.627
Shantiniketan 19.744
Behrampore 20.632
Krishnagar 20.529
Asansol 19.746
Bankura 20.142
Kolkata 21.635
Digha 21.143
West Bengal17.038.5

Extreme Temperatures

Sources: India Meteorological Department [51] [52]

Highest Temperature

The chart below shows the highest recorded temperatures in individual stations, for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

MonthHighest Recorded Temperature (°C)PlaceDate
January36.8 Krishnanagar 1 January 1977
February39.3 Bankura 26 February 2006
March44.5 Behrampore 27 March 1980
April47.2 Kalaikunda 30 April 2024
May48.3 Behrampore 23 May 1981
June47.8 Suri 10 June 1966
July43.0 Krishnanagar 22 July 1994
August43.0 Krishnanagar 3 August 1994
September41.0 Coochbehar 11 September 1977
October40.5 Malda 1 October 1978
November38.5 Bagati 6 November 1976
December36.5 Bagati 30 December 1984
West Bengal48.3Behrampore23 May 1981

Lowest Temperature

The chart below shows the lowest recorded temperatures in individual stations, for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

MonthLowest Recorded Temperature (°C)PlaceDate
January-7.2 Darjeeling 30 January 1971
February-6.4 Darjeeling 2 February 1971
March-4.8 Darjeeling 1 March 1971
April0.0 Darjeeling 16 April 1971
May1.4 Darjeeling 1 May 1981
June4.6 Kalimpong 14 June 1991
July3.9 Darjeeling 26 July 1944
August7.4 Kalimpong 24 August 1971
September5.9 Kalimpong 10 September 1991
October3.2 Darjeeling 31 October 1972
November-4.4 Darjeeling 26 November 1970
December-4.6 Darjeeling 29 December 1970
West Bengal-7.2Darjeeling30 January 1971

Lowest Temperature (In the Plains)

The chart below shows the lowest recorded temperatures in individual stations in the plains, for all months in West Bengal, with place and date.

MonthLowest Recorded Temperature (°C)PlaceDate
January0.9 Krishnanagar 2 January 1986
February2.2 Jalpaiguri 5 February 1914
March6.2 Siliguri 4 March 1965
April8.1 Coochbehar 9 April 2014
May11.5 Jalpaiguri 10 May 1987
June13.8 Contai 12 June 1961
July12.0 Krishnanagar 16 July 1995
August12.4Sandheads7 August 1972
September10.4Sandheads2 September 1976
October10.0Sandheads1995
November6.4 Siliguri 30 November 1971
December2.4 Siliguri 26 December 1961
West Bengal0.9Krishnanagar2 January 1986

Extreme Rainfall

The chart below shows the maximum recorded rainfall in individual stations (observatories) in the state, for all months, with place and date.

MonthHighest Recorded 24 hrs Rainfall (mm)PlaceDate
January134.6 Darjeeling 10 January 1967
February161.0 Balurghat 19 February 1989
March243.2Sandheads04 March 1990
April210.0 Bardhaman 3 April 1994
May615.0Sandheads17 May 1995
June507.5Sandheads21 June 1981
July884.5Sagar Islands22 July 1991
August490.0Sandheads22 August 1991
September593.6Sandheads25 September 1986
October419.2 Kalimpong 5 October 1968
November322.0Sandheads10 November 1990
December251.3 Diamond Harbour 11 December 1981
West Bengal884.5Sagar Islands22 July 1991

Rainfall

Annual rainfall varies in different parts of the state. North Bengal receives the highest rainfall, 200 to 400 cm. In the coastal areas rainfall is about 200 cm, in the Ganga plain and in the central part of the state rainfall is about 150–200 cm, and in the western plateau region the amount of rainfall received is about 100 to 125 cm. Drought is a common phenomenon in the Bankura and Purulia districts. Rainfall that occurs in the summer months often brings about heavy storms called Kalbaishakhi.

Cyclones in West Bengal

NameLowest Pressure (mbar)YearWinds (in km/h)Image
1970 Bhola Cyclone 9661970
15B 1970-11-12 0956Z.png
BOB 03 9641981
03B Dec 09 1981 0823Z.png
BOB 07 9941997
Storm02Bsat.jpg
BOB 06 9841998
Tropicalcyclone 07B 1998.jpg
BOB 04 9982000
Tropical Cyclone 02B 26 oct 2000 0922Z.jpg
BOB 03 9702002100
Tropical Cyclone 03B 12 nov 2002 0409Z.jpg
Sidr 9442007215
Sidr 14 nov 2007 0445Z.jpg
Rashmi 996200885
Rashmi 10-25-08.jpg
Aila 9702009120
SCS Aila at peak intensity.jpg
Komen 986201575
02B 2015-07-29 0500Z.jpg
Roanu 983201685
Roanu 2016-05-21 0445Z.jpg
Mora 9782017110
Mora 2017-05-30 0720Z.jpg
Amphan 9252020240

Mountainous region

Because of the high altitude, mountainous parts of Darjeeling and Jalpaiguri experience a cool temperate and climate. The average temperature in summer is about 15 °C (59 °F), and winter temperature is about 2 °C (36 °F). Snowfall occurs in some parts of this region. Being obstructed by the Himalayas, the region receives heavy rainfall. Due to the scenic beauty and temperate climate of the region, a huge number of tourists visit the areas. Here Kalimpong is another hill station that is visited by many tourists in all seasons for its scenic beauty and the average cool temperature throughout the year.

Climate data

MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)32.8
(91.0)
38.4
(101.1)
41.1
(106.0)
43.3
(109.9)
43.7
(110.7)
43.9
(111.0)
39.9
(103.8)
38.4
(101.1)
38.9
(102.0)
39.0
(102.2)
34.9
(94.8)
32.5
(90.5)
43.9
(111.0)
Mean maximum °C (°F)29.8
(85.6)
33.9
(93.0)
37.5
(99.5)
38.8
(101.8)
39.0
(102.2)
37.8
(100.0)
36.0
(96.8)
35.3
(95.5)
35.5
(95.9)
35.3
(95.5)
33.1
(91.6)
30.0
(86.0)
39.8
(103.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)25.5
(77.9)
29.4
(84.9)
33.7
(92.7)
35.4
(95.7)
35.5
(95.9)
34.1
(93.4)
32.5
(90.5)
32.3
(90.1)
32.6
(90.7)
32.3
(90.1)
30.2
(86.4)
26.7
(80.1)
31.7
(89.1)
Daily mean °C (°F)19.9
(67.8)
23.8
(74.8)
28.2
(82.8)
30.6
(87.1)
31.2
(88.2)
30.6
(87.1)
29.5
(85.1)
29.4
(84.9)
29.4
(84.9)
28.3
(82.9)
25.1
(77.2)
21.1
(70.0)
27.3
(81.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)14.3
(57.7)
18.1
(64.6)
22.9
(73.2)
25.7
(78.3)
26.8
(80.2)
27.1
(80.8)
26.7
(80.1)
26.6
(79.9)
26.3
(79.3)
24.4
(75.9)
20.1
(68.2)
15.5
(59.9)
22.9
(73.2)
Mean minimum °C (°F)10.9
(51.6)
12.4
(54.3)
18.2
(64.8)
21.1
(70.0)
21.8
(71.2)
23.9
(75.0)
24.3
(75.7)
24.6
(76.3)
23.9
(75.0)
20.9
(69.6)
16.9
(62.4)
11.9
(53.4)
10.0
(50.0)
Record low °C (°F)6.7
(44.1)
7.2
(45.0)
10.0
(50.0)
16.1
(61.0)
17.9
(64.2)
20.4
(68.7)
20.6
(69.1)
22.6
(72.7)
20.6
(69.1)
17.2
(63.0)
10.6
(51.1)
7.2
(45.0)
6.7
(44.1)
Average rainfall mm (inches)15.4
(0.61)
24.6
(0.97)
36.8
(1.45)
55.0
(2.17)
118.5
(4.67)
276.7
(10.89)
371.6
(14.63)
372.1
(14.65)
325.0
(12.80)
179.6
(7.07)
32.6
(1.28)
5.6
(0.22)
1,813.3
(71.39)
Average rainy days1.11.52.13.26.212.617.516.813.67.41.40.784.2
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)62555161687782838276686569
Mean monthly sunshine hours 213.9211.9229.4240.0232.5135.0105.4117.8126.0201.5216.0204.62,234
Mean daily sunshine hours 6.97.57.48.07.54.53.43.84.26.57.26.66.1
Average ultraviolet index 791112121212121197610
Source 1: India Meteorological Department (sun 1971–2000) [53] [54] [55] [56] Weather Atlas [57]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020) [58] [59]
Climate data for Kolkata (Dumdum Airport) 1991–2020, extremes 1939–2012
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)32.5
(90.5)
37.3
(99.1)
40.6
(105.1)
42.8
(109.0)
43.1
(109.6)
43.7
(110.7)
39.2
(102.6)
37.7
(99.9)
37.5
(99.5)
36.8
(98.2)
36.0
(96.8)
33.0
(91.4)
43.7
(110.7)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)25.3
(77.5)
29.2
(84.6)
33.6
(92.5)
35.9
(96.6)
36.1
(97.0)
34.8
(94.6)
33.2
(91.8)
33.0
(91.4)
33.3
(91.9)
32.5
(90.5)
30.1
(86.2)
26.6
(79.9)
32.0
(89.6)
Daily mean °C (°F)18.0
(64.4)
22.9
(73.2)
27.4
(81.3)
30.1
(86.2)
30.6
(87.1)
30.3
(86.5)
29.5
(85.1)
29.3
(84.7)
29.3
(84.7)
27.9
(82.2)
24.3
(75.7)
20.1
(68.2)
26.6
(79.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)12.9
(55.2)
16.9
(62.4)
21.9
(71.4)
25.2
(77.4)
26.2
(79.2)
26.8
(80.2)
26.6
(79.9)
26.5
(79.7)
26.2
(79.2)
24.1
(75.4)
19.3
(66.7)
14.3
(57.7)
22.2
(72.0)
Record low °C (°F)5.0
(41.0)
6.1
(43.0)
12.1
(53.8)
16.6
(61.9)
17.6
(63.7)
19.2
(66.6)
20.1
(68.2)
21.1
(70.0)
21.7
(71.1)
15.7
(60.3)
11.7
(53.1)
6.1
(43.0)
5.0
(41.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches)15.8
(0.62)
20.2
(0.80)
31.9
(1.26)
53.4
(2.10)
140.5
(5.53)
247.5
(9.74)
366.5
(14.43)
355.4
(13.99)
282.1
(11.11)
170.2
(6.70)
21.3
(0.84)
6.8
(0.27)
1,711.5
(67.38)
Average rainy days1.11.42.33.56.612.417.617.113.07.11.10.783.8
Average relative humidity (%) (at 08:30 IST)61534958667681828175676668
Source 1: India Meteorological Department [59]
Source 2: Tokyo Climate Center (mean temperatures 1991–2020) [60]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)32.5
(90.5)
33.2
(91.8)
38.1
(100.6)
41.7
(107.1)
40.8
(105.4)
41.9
(107.4)
40.4
(104.7)
40.0
(104.0)
40.1
(104.2)
36.6
(97.9)
33.8
(92.8)
32.6
(90.7)
41.9
(107.4)
Mean maximum °C (°F)25.6
(78.1)
27.9
(82.2)
32.8
(91.0)
34.9
(94.8)
35.3
(95.5)
36.3
(97.3)
36.0
(96.8)
36.7
(98.1)
35.8
(96.4)
33.5
(92.3)
30.4
(86.7)
27.2
(81.0)
37.0
(98.6)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)22
(72)
24.5
(76.1)
29.3
(84.7)
30.8
(87.4)
29.9
(85.8)
29.5
(85.1)
29.1
(84.4)
29.6
(85.3)
29.2
(84.6)
28.5
(83.3)
26.3
(79.3)
23.4
(74.1)
27.7
(81.8)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)10.7
(51.3)
12.8
(55.0)
16.1
(61.0)
19.5
(67.1)
22.1
(71.8)
24
(75)
24.6
(76.3)
24.6
(76.3)
23.5
(74.3)
19.7
(67.5)
15.2
(59.4)
11.8
(53.2)
18.7
(65.7)
Mean minimum °C (°F)6.9
(44.4)
7.2
(45.0)
12.5
(54.5)
16.5
(61.7)
18.6
(65.5)
22.0
(71.6)
23.4
(74.1)
23.6
(74.5)
21.9
(71.4)
16.8
(62.2)
11.9
(53.4)
7.7
(45.9)
6.5
(43.7)
Record low °C (°F)1.9
(35.4)
3.5
(38.3)
6.2
(43.2)
9.6
(49.3)
15.0
(59.0)
20.0
(68.0)
21.0
(69.8)
18.4
(65.1)
19.8
(67.6)
12.3
(54.1)
6.4
(43.5)
2.4
(36.3)
1.9
(35.4)
Average precipitation mm (inches)23
(0.9)
24
(0.9)
34
(1.3)
76
(3.0)
249
(9.8)
628
(24.7)
843
(33.2)
589
(23.2)
403
(15.9)
121
(4.8)
10
(0.4)
11
(0.4)
3,011
(118.5)
Average rainy days445111720212018822132
Average relative humidity (%)69655463798890888780706875
Average ultraviolet index 5791112131413118549
Source 1: normal temperatures [61] [62] Ultraviolet Index [63]
Source 2: Extremes(India Meteorological Department [64] ), Mean maximum and Mean minimum temperatures [65]
Climate data for Darjeeling (1981–2010, extremes 1901–2012)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)19.0
(66.2)
19.2
(66.6)
24.0
(75.2)
27.0
(80.6)
25.7
(78.3)
27.7
(81.9)
28.0
(82.4)
28.5
(83.3)
27.5
(81.5)
26.0
(78.8)
24.5
(76.1)
20.0
(68.0)
28.5
(83.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)10.7
(51.3)
12.4
(54.3)
15.6
(60.1)
18.5
(65.3)
19.3
(66.7)
19.8
(67.6)
19.6
(67.3)
20.0
(68.0)
19.8
(67.6)
19.5
(67.1)
17.1
(62.8)
14.0
(57.2)
17.2
(63.0)
Daily mean °C (°F)6.1
(43.0)
7.7
(45.9)
10.6
(51.1)
13.7
(56.7)
14.9
(58.8)
16.3
(61.3)
16.5
(61.7)
16.7
(62.1)
16.1
(61.0)
15.0
(59.0)
11.7
(53.1)
8.9
(48.0)
12.9
(55.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)1.5
(34.7)
2.9
(37.2)
5.7
(42.3)
8.8
(47.8)
10.6
(51.1)
12.8
(55.0)
13.4
(56.1)
13.4
(56.1)
12.4
(54.3)
10.5
(50.9)
6.3
(43.3)
3.8
(38.8)
8.5
(47.3)
Record low °C (°F)−7.2
(19.0)
−6.4
(20.5)
−4.8
(23.4)
0.0
(32.0)
1.4
(34.5)
6.6
(43.9)
3.9
(39.0)
8.0
(46.4)
6.2
(43.2)
3.2
(37.8)
−4.4
(24.1)
−4.6
(23.7)
−7.2
(19.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches)13.5
(0.53)
14.0
(0.55)
30.8
(1.21)
76.9
(3.03)
137.9
(5.43)
466.0
(18.35)
656.7
(25.85)
528.2
(20.80)
379.7
(14.95)
59.1
(2.33)
14.4
(0.57)
2.9
(0.11)
2,380
(93.70)
Average rainy days1.11.52.86.810.518.822.921.714.92.90.60.7105.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)81787578889394929084757484
Mean daily sunshine hours 5.45.04.74.94.92.42.53.33.25.46.36.14.5
Average ultraviolet index 56911131515141296410
Source 1: India Meteorological Department [66] [67] UV Index [68]
Source 2: Deutscher Wetterdienst (sun 1891–1990) [69]
Climate data for Jalpaiguri (1991–2020, extremes 1901–present)
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)35.4
(95.7)
35.4
(95.7)
37.3
(99.1)
40.0
(104.0)
40.4
(104.7)
39.4
(102.9)
40.9
(105.6)
38.4
(101.1)
38.5
(101.3)
38.4
(101.1)
38.4
(101.1)
35.4
(95.7)
40.9
(105.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F)27.2
(81.0)
29.7
(85.5)
34.1
(93.4)
35.8
(96.4)
36.4
(97.5)
36.7
(98.1)
36.4
(97.5)
36.3
(97.3)
35.6
(96.1)
34.3
(93.7)
32.5
(90.5)
29.4
(84.9)
37.4
(99.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)23.5
(74.3)
26.5
(79.7)
30.1
(86.2)
31.8
(89.2)
32.2
(90.0)
32.3
(90.1)
32.1
(89.8)
32.8
(91.0)
32.0
(89.6)
31.5
(88.7)
29.4
(84.9)
26.0
(78.8)
30.1
(86.2)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)10.7
(51.3)
13.4
(56.1)
17.3
(63.1)
21.1
(70.0)
23.3
(73.9)
25.0
(77.0)
25.5
(77.9)
25.6
(78.1)
24.7
(76.5)
21.8
(71.2)
17.0
(62.6)
12.8
(55.0)
20.0
(68.0)
Mean minimum °C (°F)7.7
(45.9)
9.2
(48.6)
12.8
(55.0)
16.4
(61.5)
19.7
(67.5)
21.3
(70.3)
22.7
(72.9)
23.3
(73.9)
21.5
(70.7)
18.3
(64.9)
13.8
(56.8)
8.7
(47.7)
8.4
(47.1)
Record low °C (°F)3.8
(38.8)
2.2
(36.0)
7.8
(46.0)
10.3
(50.5)
11.5
(52.7)
15.5
(59.9)
18.1
(64.6)
18.1
(64.6)
17.7
(63.9)
15.4
(59.7)
9.4
(48.9)
5.6
(42.1)
2.2
(36.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches)9.0
(0.35)
16.1
(0.63)
35.2
(1.39)
118.7
(4.67)
332.2
(13.08)
628.4
(24.74)
917.3
(36.11)
624.1
(24.57)
511.1
(20.12)
154.1
(6.07)
7.1
(0.28)
3.3
(0.13)
3,356.9
(132.16)
Average rainy days0.81.12.36.912.517.421.217.514.35.40.70.3100.3
Average relative humidity (%) (at 08:30 IST)87817376818689878783798383
Source: India Meteorological Department [70] [71]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)33.0
(91.4)
37.0
(98.6)
42.0
(107.6)
45.9
(114.6)
46.6
(115.9)
47.0
(116.6)
41.6
(106.9)
36.8
(98.2)
39.1
(102.4)
37.1
(98.8)
34.2
(93.6)
30.7
(87.3)
47.0
(116.6)
Mean maximum °C (°F)28.7
(83.7)
32.8
(91.0)
38.2
(100.8)
41.3
(106.3)
41.7
(107.1)
40.2
(104.4)
36.2
(97.2)
34.9
(94.8)
35.1
(95.2)
34.3
(93.7)
32.1
(89.8)
29.1
(84.4)
42.3
(108.1)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)24.7
(76.5)
28.2
(82.8)
33.4
(92.1)
36.6
(97.9)
36.7
(98.1)
34.9
(94.8)
32.9
(91.2)
32.5
(90.5)
32.4
(90.3)
31.6
(88.9)
29.5
(85.1)
26.1
(79.0)
31.6
(88.9)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)11.6
(52.9)
14.7
(58.5)
19.3
(66.7)
23.3
(73.9)
25.0
(77.0)
26.0
(78.8)
26.0
(78.8)
26.0
(78.8)
25.3
(77.5)
22.5
(72.5)
17.3
(63.1)
13.0
(55.4)
20.8
(69.4)
Mean minimum °C (°F)7.8
(46.0)
10.5
(50.9)
14.6
(58.3)
19.0
(66.2)
20.8
(69.4)
22.7
(72.9)
23.9
(75.0)
23.8
(74.8)
23.1
(73.6)
18.5
(65.3)
13.0
(55.4)
9.4
(48.9)
7.7
(45.9)
Record low °C (°F)5.0
(41.0)
6.0
(42.8)
11.2
(52.2)
14.6
(58.3)
18.1
(64.6)
18.7
(65.7)
20.0
(68.0)
22.4
(72.3)
17.7
(63.9)
15.6
(60.1)
9.7
(49.5)
6.1
(43.0)
5.0
(41.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches)11.6
(0.46)
25.1
(0.99)
33.2
(1.31)
52.0
(2.05)
113.8
(4.48)
229.7
(9.04)
343.2
(13.51)
296.7
(11.68)
267.5
(10.53)
87.7
(3.45)
10.5
(0.41)
9.0
(0.35)
1,479.9
(58.26)
Average rainy days1.21.92.43.56.311.615.715.111.94.70.90.575.6
Average relative humidity (%) (at 08:30 IST)76686166738085868681757576
Source: India Meteorological Department [72] [73]
MonthJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDecYear
Record high °C (°F)34.9
(94.8)
37.2
(99.0)
44.5
(112.1)
46.4
(115.5)
48.3
(118.9)
46.9
(116.4)
40.4
(104.7)
42.4
(108.3)
40.3
(104.5)
39.5
(103.1)
37.8
(100.0)
34.0
(93.2)
48.3
(118.9)
Mean maximum °C (°F)28.7
(83.7)
32.8
(91.0)
38.3
(100.9)
40.7
(105.3)
41.2
(106.2)
39.4
(102.9)
36.0
(96.8)
35.9
(96.6)
36.0
(96.8)
35.8
(96.4)
33.6
(92.5)
30.2
(86.4)
42.4
(108.3)
Mean daily maximum °C (°F)25.5
(77.9)
29.0
(84.2)
34.0
(93.2)
37.0
(98.6)
36.5
(97.7)
34.9
(94.8)
33.0
(91.4)
33.2
(91.8)
33.1
(91.6)
33.0
(91.4)
31.0
(87.8)
27.3
(81.1)
32.3
(90.1)
Mean daily minimum °C (°F)12.2
(54.0)
15.5
(59.9)
19.8
(67.6)
23.7
(74.7)
25.0
(77.0)
26.1
(79.0)
26.1
(79.0)
26.3
(79.3)
25.8
(78.4)
23.9
(75.0)
19.1
(66.4)
14.3
(57.7)
21.5
(70.7)
Mean minimum °C (°F)8.9
(48.0)
11.5
(52.7)
15.4
(59.7)
19.3
(66.7)
20.9
(69.6)
23.2
(73.8)
24.0
(75.2)
24.0
(75.2)
23.4
(74.1)
20.3
(68.5)
14.9
(58.8)
10.9
(51.6)
8.8
(47.8)
Record low °C (°F)3.9
(39.0)
5.0
(41.0)
8.9
(48.0)
15.0
(59.0)
15.3
(59.5)
16.6
(61.9)
21.0
(69.8)
19.6
(67.3)
21.1
(70.0)
15.6
(60.1)
8.3
(46.9)
5.7
(42.3)
3.9
(39.0)
Average rainfall mm (inches)8.2
(0.32)
17.7
(0.70)
22.3
(0.88)
52.4
(2.06)
129.4
(5.09)
229.2
(9.02)
293.7
(11.56)
269.7
(10.62)
298.5
(11.75)
126.7
(4.99)
9.9
(0.39)
7.6
(0.30)
1,465.5
(57.70)
Average rainy days0.81.41.93.06.61213.513.712.65.10.80.571.8
Average relative humidity (%) (at 17:30 IST)63605358687985848478676570
Source: India Meteorological Department [74] [75]

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Notes