Virginia's 1st congressional district

Last updated

Virginia's 1st congressional district
Virginia's 1st congressional district (since 2023).svg
Virginia's 1st congressional district
Interactive map of district boundaries since 2023
Representative
  Rob Wittman
R–Montross
Distribution
  • 69.54% urban [1]
  • 30.46% rural
Population (2022)810,541 [2]
Median household
income		$99,057 [3]
Ethnicity
Cook PVI R+6 [4]
Virginia's 1st congressional district from January 3, 2023 Virginia's 1st congressional district (from 2023).png
Virginia's 1st congressional district from January 3, 2023

Virginia's first congressional district is a United States congressional district in the commonwealth of Virginia.

Contents

The district is sometimes referred to as "America's First District" since it includes the Historic Triangle of Jamestown, Williamsburg, and Yorktown. In the 18th and early 19th century, it comprised northwestern Virginia (that became Frederick County, Virginia as well as the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia after the American Civil War). The district includes major military installations and has been represented by Republican Rob Wittman since 2007.

In 2016, the adjacent 3rd district was ruled unconstitutional. New districts have been drawn. [5] [6]

Recent results in statewide elections

Results under current lines (since 2023)
YearOfficeResults
2012 President Romney 59.2%-39.6%
Senator Allen 57.4%-42.5%
2013 Governor Cuccinelii 53.8%-36.4%
Lieutenant Governor Jackson 51.0%-48.9%
Attorney General Obenshain 60.0%–39.9%
2014 Senator Gillespie 57.7%-39.5%
2016 President Trump 53.7%–40.1%
2017 Governor Gillespie 54.6%-44.2%
Lieutenant Governor Vogel 57.2%-42.7%
Attorney General Adams 57.0%–42.9%
2018 Senator Stewart 49.8%-48.1%
2020 President Trump 52.4%-45.7%
Senator Gade 52.9%-47.1%
2021 Governor Youngkin 58.0%-41.4%
Lieutenant Governor Sears 58.2%-41.7%
Attorney General Miyares 58.1%-41.8%
Results under old lines

Area covered

Starting in 2023, the first district will cover all or part of the following political subdivisions: [39] [40]

Counties

Cities

The entirety of:

Historic district boundaries

2003-2013 VA 1st Congressional District.png
2003–2013
2013-2017 Virginia US Congressional District 1 (since 2013).tif
2013–2017
2017-2023 Virginia's 1st congressional district (since 2017).png
2017–2023

The Virginia First District started in 1788 covering the counties of Berkeley, Frederick, Hampshire, Hardy, Harrison, Monongalia, Ohio, Randolph and Shenandoah. [41] [42] Of these only Shenandoah and Frederick Counties are in Virginia today; the rest are now part of West Virginia. The modern counties of Clarke, Warren and most of Page as well as the independent city of Winchester were included as part of Frederick and Shenandoah counties in 1788. In West Virginia all the current state north and east of a generalized line running from Wood County to Pocahontas County was in the congressional district. The one exception was that Pendleton County, West Virginia was in Virginia's 3rd congressional district.

In the redistribution which followed the 1850 census (in force 1853–1863), the First District comprised sixteen counties in eastern Virginia. The counties included (amongst others) Accomack, Essex, Gloucester, James City, King and Queen, Mathews, Middlesex, New Kent, Richmond, Warwick and Westmoreland. In an 1862 Union special election three out of the sixteen counties in the Union district supplied returns.

The First District is noted for its strong presence of military institutions, including the Naval Surface Warfare Center. Increasing numbers of military and retired voters have swung the district to the right. [43]

Recent election results

2000 Virginia's 1st congressional district election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Jo Ann Davis 151,344 57.5
Democratic Lawrence A. Davies97,39937.0
Independent Sharon A. Wood9,6523.7
Independent Josh Billings4,0821.6
Write-ins5370.2
Total votes263,014 100.00
Republican hold
2002 Virginia's 1st congressional district election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Jo Ann Davis (Incumbent) 113,168 95.9
Write-ins4,8294.1
Total votes117,997 100.00
Republican hold
2004 Virginia's 1st congressional district election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Jo Ann Davis (Incumbent) 225,071 78.6
Independent William A. Lee57,43420.0
Write-ins4,0291.4
Total votes286,534 100.00
Republican hold
2006 Virginia's 1st congressional district election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Jo Ann Davis (Incumbent) 143,889 63.0
Democratic Shawn M. O'Donnell81,08335.5
Independent Marvin F. Pixton III3,2361.4
Write-ins3260.1
Total votes228,534 100.00
Republican hold
2007 Virginia's 1st congressional district special election [44]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman 42,772 60.8
Democratic Philip Forgit26,28237.3
Independent Lucky R. Narain1,2531.8
Write-ins750.1
Total votes70,382 100.00
Republican hold
2008 Virginia's 1st congressional district election [45]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 203,839 56.6
Democratic Bill Day 150,43241.8
Libertarian Nathan Larson 5,2651.5
Write-in7560.2
Total votes360,292 100
Republican hold
2010 Virginia's 1st congressional district election [46]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 135,564 63.9
Democratic Krystal M. Ball 73,82434.8
Independent Greens G. Gail Parker2,5441.2
Write-in3040.1
Total votes212,236 100
Republican hold
2012 Virginia's 1st congressional district election [47]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 200,845 56.3
Democratic Adam M. Cook147,03641.2
Independent Greens G. Gail Parker8,3082.3
Write-in6170.2
Total votes356,806 100
Republican hold
2014 Virginia's 1st congressional district election [48]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 131,851 62.9
Democratic Norm Mosher72,05434.4
Independent Greens G. Gail Parker5,0972.4
Write-in6040.3
Total votes209,606 100
Republican hold
2016 Virginia's 1st congressional district election [49]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 230,213 59.86
Democratic Matt Rowe140,78536.61
Independent Glenda Parker12,8663.35
Write-in 7370.19
Total votes384,601 100.00
Republican hold
2018 Virginia's 1st congressional district election [50]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 183,250 55.18
Democratic Vangie Williams148,46444.70
Write-in 3870.12
Total votes332,101 100.00
Republican hold
2020 Virginia's 1st congressional district election [51]
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 260,706 58.2
Democratic Qasim Rashid186,92741.8
Total votes447,633 97.00
Republican hold
2022 Virginia's 1st congressional district election
PartyCandidateVotes%
Republican Rob Wittman (Incumbent) 191,828 56.0
Democratic Herb Jones147,22943.0
Independent David Foster3,3881.0
Write-in 2970.1
Total votes342,742 100.00
Republican hold

List of members representing the district

RepresentativePartyYearsCong
ress		Electoral history
District established March 4, 1789
Alexander White
(Woodville)		Pro-AdministrationMarch 4, 1789 –
March 3, 1793		 1st
2nd 		Elected in 1789.
Re-elected in 1790.
Lost re-election.
Robert Rutherford
(Charles Town)		 Anti-Administration March 4, 1793 –
March 3, 1795		 3rd
4th 		Elected in 1793.
Re-elected in 1795.
Lost re-election.
Democratic-Republican March 4, 1795 –
March 3, 1797
DanielMorgan.jpeg
Daniel Morgan
(Winchester)		 Federalist March 4, 1797 –
March 3, 1799		 5th Elected in 1797.
Retired.
Robert Page
(Frederick County)		 Federalist March 4, 1799 –
March 3, 1801		 6th Elected in 1799.
Retired.
John S. Smith, head-and-shoulders portrait, right profile LCCN2007675907.tif
John Smith
(Hackwood)		 Democratic-Republican March 4, 1801 –
March 3, 1803		 7th Elected in 1801.
Redistricted to the 3rd district .
Johngeorgejackson.jpg
John G. Jackson
(Clarksburg)		 Democratic-Republican March 4, 1803 –
September 28, 1810		 8th
9th
10th
11th 		Elected in 1803.
Re-elected in 1805.
Re-elected in 1807.
Re-elected in 1809.
Resigned.
VacantSeptember 29, 1810 –
December 20, 1810		 11th
William McKinley
(Ohio County)		 Democratic-Republican December 21, 1810 –
March 3, 1811		 Elected in to finish Jackson's term.
Lost re-election.
ThomasWilsonVA.jpg
Thomas Wilson
(Morgantown)		 Federalist March 4, 1811 –
March 3, 1813		 12th Elected in 1811.
Lost re-election.
Johngeorgejackson.jpg
John G. Jackson
(Clarksburg)		 Democratic-Republican March 4, 1813 –
March 3, 1817		 13th
14th 		Elected in 1813.
Re-elected in 1815.
Retired.
James Pindall
(Clarksburg)		 Federalist March 4, 1817 –
July 26, 1820		 15th
16th 		Elected in 1817.
Re-elected in 1819.
Resigned.
VacantJuly 27, 1820 –
October 22, 1820		 16th
Edward B. Jackson
(Clarksburg)		 Democratic-Republican October 23, 1820 –
March 3, 1823		 16th
17th 		Elected to finish Pindall's term.
Re-elected in 1821.
Retired.
Portrait of Thomas Newton, Jr. (1768-1847).jpg
Thomas Newton Jr.
(Norfolk)		 Democratic-Republican March 4, 1823 –
March 3, 1825		 18th
19th
20th
21st 		Redistricted from the 21st district and re-elected in 1823.
Re-elected in 1825.
Re-elected in 1827.
Election invalidated.
Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1825 –
March 9, 1830
George Loyall
(Norfolk)		 Jackson March 9, 1830 –
March 3, 1831		 21st Won election contest.
Lost re-election.
Portrait of Thomas Newton, Jr. (1768-1847).jpg
Thomas Newton Jr.
(Norfolk)		 Anti-Jacksonian March 4, 1831 –
March 3, 1833		 22nd Elected in 1831.
Retired.
George Loyall
(Norfolk)		 Jackson March 4, 1833 –
March 3, 1837		 23rd
24th 		Elected in 1833.
Re-elected in 1835.
Retired.
Francis Mallory
(Hampton)		 Whig March 4, 1837 –
March 3, 1839		 25th Elected in 1837.
Lost re-election.
Joel Holleman.jpg
Joel Holleman
(Burwell Bay)		 Democratic March 4, 1839 –
December 1, 1840		 26th Elected in 1839.
Resigned.
VacantDecember 2, 1840 –
December 27, 1840
Francis Mallory
(Hampton)		 Whig December 28, 1840 –
March 3, 1843		 26th
27th 		Elected to finish Holleman's term.
Re-elected in 1841.
Retired.
Archibald Atkinson
(Smithfield)		 Democratic March 4, 1843 –
March 3, 1849		 28th
29th
30th 		Elected in 1843.
Re-elected in 1845.
Re-elected in 1847.
Retired.
JohnMillson.jpg
John S. Millson
(Norfolk)		 Democratic March 4, 1849 –
March 3, 1853		 31st
32nd 		Elected in 1849.
Re-elected in 1851.
Redistricted to the 2nd district .
Thomas H. Bayly
(Accomac)		 Democratic March 4, 1853 –
June 23, 1856		 33rd
34th 		Elected in 1853.
Re-elected in 1855.
Died.
VacantJune 24, 1856 –
November 30, 1856		 34th
MuscoeRHGarnett.jpg
Muscoe R. H. Garnett
(Loretto)		 Democratic December 1, 1856 –
March 3, 1861		 34th
35th
36th 		Elected to finish Bayly's term.
Re-elected in 1857.
Re-elected in 1859.
Retired.
VacantMarch 4, 1861 –
October 24, 1861		 37th
Joseph Segar.jpg
Joseph E. Segar
(Elizabeth City)		UnionistOctober 24, 1861 –
February 11, 1862		 Elected in 1861.
Declared by the House to be not entitled to the seat. [52]
VacantFebruary 11, 1862 –
March 16, 1862
Joseph Segar.jpg
Joseph E. Segar
(Elizabeth City)		UnionistMarch 16, 1862 –
May 17, 1864		 37th
38th 		Elected to finish his own term. [52]
Re-elected in 1863.
Declared by the House to be not entitled to the seat. [52]
District inactiveMay 17, 1864 –
January 30, 1870		 38th
39th
40th
41st 		Civil War and Reconstruction
RichardSAyer.jpg
Richard S. Ayer
(Warsaw)		 Republican January 31, 1870 –
March 3, 1871		 41st Elected to finish the short term.
Retired.
John Critchery.jpg
John Critcher
(Oak Grove)		 Democratic March 4, 1871 –
March 3, 1873		 42nd Elected in 1870.
Retired.
James Sener.jpg
James B. Sener
(Fredericksburg)		 Republican March 4, 1873 –
March 3, 1875		 43rd Elected in 1872.
Lost re-election.
BeverlyBDouglas.jpg
Beverly B. Douglas
(Aylett)		 Democratic March 4, 1875 –
December 22, 1878		 44th
45th 		Elected in 1874.
Re-elected in 1876.
Re-elected in 1878, but died before his term began.
VacantDecember 23, 1878 –
January 22, 1879		 45th
Richard L. T. Beale - Brady-Handy.jpg
Richard L. T. Beale
(Hague)		 Democratic January 23, 1879 –
March 3, 1881		 45th
46th 		Elected to finish Douglas's term.
Retired.
George T. Garrison
(Accomac)		 Democratic March 4, 1881 –
March 3, 1883		 47th Elected in 1880.
Lost re-election.
Robert M. Mayo
(Hague)		 Readjuster March 4, 1883 –
March 20, 1884		 48th Elected in 1882.
Election invalidated.
George T. Garrison
(Accomac)		 Democratic March 20, 1884 –
March 3, 1885		 48th [ data missing ]
Retired.
Thomas Croxton
(Tappahannock)		 Democratic March 4, 1885 –
March 3, 1887		 49th Elected in 1884.
Lost re-election.
Thomas H. B. Browne.jpg
Thomas H. B. Browne
(Accomac)		 Republican March 4, 1887 –
March 3, 1891		 50th
51st 		Elected in 1886.
Re-elected in 1888.
Lost re-election.
William Atkinson Jones later years.jpg
William A. Jones
(Warsaw)		 Democratic March 4, 1891 –
April 17, 1918		 52nd
53rd
54th
55th
56th
57th
58th
59th
60th
61st
62nd
63rd
64th
65th 		Elected in 1890.
Re-elected in 1892.
Re-elected in 1894.
Re-elected in 1896.
Re-elected in 1898.
Re-elected in 1900.
Re-elected in 1902.
Re-elected in 1904.
Re-elected in 1906.
Re-elected in 1908.
Re-elected in 1910.
Re-elected in 1912.
Re-elected in 1914.
Re-elected in 1916.
Died.
VacantApril 18, 1918 –
July 2, 1918		 65th
SOtisBland.jpg
S. Otis Bland
(Newport News)		 Democratic July 2, 1918 –
March 3, 1933		 65th
66th
67th
68th
69th
70th
71st
72nd 		Elected to finish Jones's term.
Re-elected in 1918.
Re-elected in 1920.
Re-elected in 1922.
Re-elected in 1924.
Re-elected in 1926.
Re-elected in 1928.
Re-elected in 1930.
Redistricted to the at-large seat .
District inactiveMarch 4, 1933 –
January 3, 1935		 73rd
SOtisBland.jpg
S. Otis Bland
(Newport News)		 Democratic January 3, 1935 –
February 16, 1950		 74th
75th
76th
77th
78th
79th
80th
81st 		Elected in 1934.
Re-elected in 1936.
Re-elected in 1938.
Re-elected in 1940.
Re-elected in 1942.
Re-elected in 1944.
Re-elected in 1946.
Re-elected in 1948.
Died.
VacantFebruary 16, 1950 –
May 2, 1950		 81st
Edward Robeson.jpg
Edward J. Robeson Jr.
(Warwick)		 Democratic May 2, 1950 –
January 3, 1959		 81st
82nd
83rd
84th
85th 		Elected to finish Bland's term.
Re-elected in 1950.
Re-elected in 1952.
Re-elected in 1954.
Re-elected in 1956.
Lost renomination.
Thomas N. Downing.jpg
Thomas N. Downing
(Newport News)		 Democratic January 3, 1959 –
January 3, 1977		 86th
87th
88th
89th
90th
91st
92nd
93rd
94th 		Elected in 1958.
Re-elected in 1960.
Re-elected in 1962.
Re-elected in 1964.
Re-elected in 1966.
Re-elected in 1968.
Re-elected in 1970.
Re-elected in 1972.
Re-elected in 1974.
Retired.
Paul Trible.jpg
Paul Trible
(Newport News)		 Republican January 3, 1977 –
January 3, 1983		 95th
96th
97th 		Elected in 1976.
Re-elected in 1978.
Re-elected in 1980.
Retired to run for U.S. senator.
HerbertBateman.jpg
Herbert H. Bateman
(Newport News)		 Republican January 3, 1983 –
September 11, 2000		 98th
99th
100th
101st
102nd
103rd
104th
105th
106th 		Elected in 1982.
Re-elected in 1984.
Re-elected in 1986.
Re-elected in 1988.
Re-elected in 1990.
Re-elected in 1992.
Re-elected in 1994.
Re-elected in 1996.
Re-elected in 1998.
Died after announcing his retirement.
VacantSeptember 11, 2000 –
January 3, 2001		 106th
Jo ann davis 2.jpg
Jo Ann Davis
(Yorktown)		 Republican January 3, 2001 –
October 6, 2007		 107th
108th
109th
110th 		Elected in 2000.
Re-elected in 2002.
Re-elected in 2004.
Re-elected in 2006.
Died.
VacantOctober 6, 2007 –
December 11, 2007		 110th
Rob Wittman official portrait, 118th Congress (cropped).jpg
Rob Wittman
(Montross)		 Republican December 11, 2007 –
present		 110th
111th
112th
113th
114th
115th
116th
117th
118th 		Elected to finish Davis's term.
Re-elected in 2008.
Re-elected in 2010.
Re-elected in 2012.
Re-elected in 2014.
Re-elected in 2016.
Re-elected in 2018.
Re-elected in 2020.
Re-elected in 2022.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Congressional Districts Relationship Files (state-based)". www.census.gov. US Census Bureau Geography. Retrieved April 7, 2018.
  2. ↑ "My Congressional District". www.census.gov. Center for New Media & Promotion (CNMP), US Census Bureau. Retrieved October 6, 2023.
  3. ↑ "My Congressional District".
  4. ↑ "2022 Cook PVI: District Map and List". Cook Political Report. Retrieved January 10, 2023.
  5. ↑ "Virginia Politics: Court orders redistricting". Daily Press. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
  6. ↑ Pathé, Simone (January 7, 2016). "Judges Select New Virginia Congressional Map". Rollcall.com. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  7. ↑ "November 5, 1996 General Election For Office of PRESIDENT/VICE PRESIDENT of the United States". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  8. ↑ "November 5, 1996 General Election For Office of UNITED STATES SENATE". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on July 24, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  9. ↑ "NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION For Office of Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  10. ↑ "NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION For Office of Lieutenant Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  11. ↑ "NOVEMBER 4, 1997 GENERAL ELECTION For Office of Attorney General". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 19, 2013. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  12. ↑ "November 7th – General Election". Virginia State Board of Elections. November 20, 2000. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  13. ↑ "November 7th – General Election". Virginia State Board of Elections. November 20, 2000. Archived from the original on January 31, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  14. ↑ "Official Results: Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 29, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  15. ↑ "Official Results: Lieutenant Governor". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on January 31, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  16. ↑ "Official Results: Attorney General". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on January 31, 2014. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  17. ↑ "Official Results/U.S. Senate". General Election Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. November 5, 2002. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  18. ↑ "Official Results/President". Commonwealth of Virginia/November 2nd – General Election. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  19. ↑ "Official Results/Governor". General Election – November 8, 2005. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 28, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  20. ↑ "Official Results/Lieutenant Governor". General Election – November 8, 2005. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  21. ↑ "Official Results/Attorney General". General Election – November 8, 2005. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  22. ↑ "Official Results/U.S. Senate". General Election – November 7, 2006. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on August 13, 2013. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  23. ↑ "President>President And Vice President>Votes By District". November 2008 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  24. ↑ "Congress>U.S. Senate>United States Senate>Votes By District". November 2008 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on June 11, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  25. ↑ "Governor>Votes by District". November 2009 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on April 1, 2012. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  26. ↑ "Lieutenant Governor>Votes by District". November 2009 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  27. ↑ "Attorney General>Votes by District". November 2009 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  28. ↑ "President>President And Vice President>Votes By District". November 2012 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on August 9, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  29. ↑ "Congress>U.S. Senate>United States Senate>Votes By District". November 2012 Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on January 11, 2014. Retrieved March 3, 2013.
  30. ↑ "Governor>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  31. ↑ "Lieutenant Governor>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  32. ↑ "Attorney General>Votes by District". November 2013 General Election Official Results. Virginia State Board of Elections. Retrieved July 5, 2020.
  33. ↑ "Turnout by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved July 4, 2020.
  34. ↑ "2016 November General President". Archived from the original on December 23, 2016. Retrieved November 24, 2016.
  35. ↑ "2017 Governor's Election Results by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  36. ↑ "2018 U.S. Senate Results by Congressional District". The Virginia Public Access Project. Retrieved June 16, 2018.
  37. ↑ "Daily Kos Elections' presidential results by congressional district for 2020, 2016, and 2012".
  38. ↑ @greggiroux (November 16, 2021). "Certified results of Virginia governor's election by current congressional district:" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
  39. ↑ Mirshahi, Dean (October 24, 2022). "2022 general election: A look at Virginia's 1st Congressional District race". ABC 8 News. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  40. ↑ "US Representative District 1". The Virginia Public Access Project. 2022. Retrieved October 30, 2022.
  41. ↑ Parsons, Stanley B., William W. Beach and Dan Hermann. United States Congressional Districts, 1788–1841 (Westport: Greenwood Press, 1978) p. 7
  42. ↑ Statute of 20 November 1788
  43. ↑ "Virginia 1st District". National Journal Almanac. National Journal Group Inc. Archived from the original on October 19, 2012. Retrieved December 21, 2012.
  44. ↑ "December 11, 2007 Special Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on March 3, 2016. Retrieved October 10, 2013.
  45. ↑ "STATISTICS OF THE PRESIDENTIAL AND CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION OF November 4, 2008" (PDF). Retrieved May 6, 2017.
  46. ↑ Clerk of the U.S. House of Representatives. "Statistics of the Congressional Election of November 2, 2010" (PDF). p. 37.
  47. ↑ "November 6, 2012 General Election Official Results". Virginia State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on May 12, 2013. Retrieved December 14, 2012.
  48. ↑ "Election Results | Virginia Department of Elections". Archived from the original on November 7, 2014. Retrieved December 22, 2014.
  49. ↑ "2016 November General". Results.elections.virginia.gov. Retrieved May 6, 2017.
  50. ↑ "2018 November General". Results.elections.virginia.gov. Archived from the original on November 8, 2018. Retrieved March 24, 2019.
  51. ↑ "Virginia Election Results: First Congressional District". New York Times. November 3, 2020. Retrieved November 13, 2020.
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