The positions of majority leader and minority leader are held by two United States senators and members of the party leadership of the United States Senate. They serve as the chief spokespersons for their respective political parties holding the majority and the minority in the United States Senate. They are each elected as majority leader and minority leader by the senators of their party caucuses:the Senate Democratic Caucus and the Senate Republican Conference.
The Indian National Congress (INC),colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress,is a political party in India with widespread roots. Founded in 1885,it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. At the beginning the party contained moderates and later extremists,but from the late 19th century,and especially after 1920,under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi,the Congress became the principal leader of the Indian independence movement. The Congress led India to independence from the United Kingdom,and significantly influenced other anti-colonial nationalist movements in the British Empire.
The European Committee of the Regions (CoR) is the European Union's (EU) assembly of local and regional representatives that provides sub-national authorities with a direct voice within the EU's institutional framework.
The Reformist Movement is a liberal French-speaking political party in Belgium. MR is traditionally a conservative-liberal party,but it also contains social-liberal factions.
The Janata Party is a political party in India. It was founded as an amalgam of Indian political parties opposed to the Emergency that was imposed between 1975 and 1977 by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi of the Indian National Congress. In the 1977 general election,the party defeated the Congress and Janata leader Morarji Desai became the first non-Congress prime minister in independent modern India's history.
The Vermont Progressive Party,formerly the Progressive Coalition,is a progressive political party in the United States founded in 1999 and active only in the state of Vermont. As of 2023,the party has one member in the Vermont Senate and five members in the Vermont House of Representatives,as well as several more affiliated legislators who caucus with the Democratic Party. After the Democratic and Republican parties,the Progressive Party has the highest number of seats in state and national offices for any organized political party in the country.
The Michigan Senate is the upper house of the Michigan Legislature. Along with the Michigan House of Representatives,it composes the state legislature,which has powers,roles and duties defined by Article IV of the Michigan Constitution,adopted in 1963. The primary purpose of the Legislature is to enact new laws and amend or repeal existing laws.
The Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe is a transnational alliance between two European political parties,the Alliance of Liberals and Democrats for Europe Party and the European Democratic Party. ALDE has political groups in the European Parliament,the EU Committee of the Regions,the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe and the NATO Parliamentary Assembly. There are assorted independents in these groups as well as national-level affiliate parties of the European-level parties.
The 1918 United States House of Representatives elections were elections for the United States House of Representatives to elect members to serve in the 66th United States Congress. They were held for the most part on November 5,1918,while Maine held theirs on September 9. They occurred in the middle of President Woodrow Wilson's second term.
The Free German Workers' Party was a neo-Nazi political party in Germany. It was outlawed by the Federal Constitutional Court in 1995.
General elections were held in India between 1 and 10 March 1971 to elect members of the fifth Lok Sabha. They were the fifth general elections since independence in 1947. The 27 Indian states and union territories were represented by 518 constituencies,each with a single seat. Under the leadership of Indira Gandhi,the Indian National Congress (R) led a campaign which focused on reducing poverty and won a landslide victory,overcoming a split in the party and regaining many of the seats lost in the previous election.
The United States House of Representatives is the lower chamber of the United States Congress,with the Senate being the upper chamber. Together,they comprise the national bicameral legislature of the United States.
Free Voters is a centre-right political party in Germany. The party originates as an umbrella organisation of several Free Voters Associations,associations of people which participate in an election without having the status of a registered party. These associations are usually locally-organised groups of voters in the form of a registered association (eV). In most cases,Free Voters campaign only at local government level,standing for city councils and for mayoralties. Free Voters tend to achieve their most successful electoral results in rural areas of southern Germany,appealing most to conservative voters who prefer local decisions to party politics. Free Voter groups are active in all of the states of Germany.
The second legislative council election to Madras Presidency after the establishment of diarchical system of government by the Government of India Act,1919 was held in 1923. Voter turnout was higher than the previous election. Swarajists,a breakaway group from Indian National Congress participated in the election. The ruling Justice Party had suffered a split,when a splinter group calling themselves anti-Ministerialists left the party. It won the highest number of seats but fell short of a majority. Nevertheless,Madras Governor Willington invited it to form the government. Incumbent Justice chief minister Panagal Raja was nominated by party leader Theagaraya Chetty to continue as chief minister for a second term. The government survived a no-confidence motion,brought against it on the first day of its tenure by the opposition headed by C. R. Reddy.
Party-list representation in the House of Representatives of the Philippines refers to a system in which 20% of the House of Representatives is elected. While the House is predominantly elected by a plurality voting system,known as a first-past-the-post system,party-list representatives are elected by a type of party-list proportional representation. The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines created the party-list system. Originally,the party-list was open to underrepresented community sectors or groups,including labor,peasant,urban poor,indigenous cultural,women,youth,and other such sectors as may be defined by law. However,a 2013 Supreme Court decision clarified that the party-list is a system of proportional representation open to various kinds of groups and parties,and not an exercise exclusive to marginalized sectors. National parties or organizations and regional parties or organizations do not need to organize along sectoral lines and do not need to represent any marginalized and underrepresented sector.
The Peaceful Assembly Act 2012 is the law which regulates public protests in Malaysia. According to the Barisan Nasional government,the Act allows citizens to organise and participate in assemblies peaceably and without arms,subject to restrictions deemed necessary and in the interest of public order and security.
Party leaders of the United States House of Representatives,also known as floor leaders,are congresspeople who coordinate legislative initiatives and serve as the chief spokespersons for their parties on the House floor. These leaders are elected every two years in secret balloting of their party caucuses or conferences:the House Democratic Caucus and the House Republican Conference. Depending on which party is in power,one party leader serves as majority leader and the other as minority leader.
On January 3,2019,the first day of the 116th United States Congress and two months after the 2018 U.S. House elections,the incoming members of the U.S. House of Representatives held an election for speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives. This was the 126th U.S. speaker election since the office was created in 1789.
The 2022 California State Board of Equalization elections took place on November 8,2022,to elect all four seats of the State Board of Equalization,with the non-partisan blanket primary election taking place on June 7,2022.
