2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

←  2020 January 13 to June 4, 2024 2028 →
Non-binding preferential vote
Candidate Charles Ballay None of the above [lower-alpha 1] Chase Oliver Home state Louisiana — Georgia Contests won 1 2 6 Popular vote 22,337 [lower-alpha 2] 6,052 [lower-alpha 2] 3,483 [lower-alpha 2] Percentage 56.2% 15.2% 8.8%   Candidate Jacob Hornberger Michael Rectenwald Lars Mapstead Home state Virginia Pennsylvania California Contests won 0 2 1 Popular vote 2,031 [lower-alpha 2] 942 [lower-alpha 2] 786 [lower-alpha 2] Percentage 5.1% 2.4% 2.0%   Candidate Mike ter Maat Joshua Smith Home state Florida Iowa Contests won 1 1 Popular vote 584 [lower-alpha 2] 416 [lower-alpha 2] Percentage 1.5% 1.0%
First place by first-instance vote   Charles Ballay   No preference   Chase Oliver   Michael Rectenwald   Lars Mapstead   Mike ter Maat   Joshua Smith
Previous Libertarian nominee Jo Jorgensen

The 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries and caucuses are a series of current electoral contests to indicate non-binding preferences for the Libertarian Party (LP) presidential nominee in the 2024 United States presidential election. These differ from the Republican or Democratic presidential primaries and caucuses in that they do not appoint delegates to represent a candidate at the party's convention to select the party's presidential nominee. The party's nominee will be chosen directly by registered delegates at the 2024 Libertarian National Convention, scheduled to take place from May 24 to 26, 2024 in Washington, D.C. ^{[1] [2]}

Results

Candidates and ballot options listed on multiple ballots and receiving at least 1% of the national popular vote are listed individually on the table. All remaining votes are detailed under the other column.

Legend:		1st place (popular vote)		2nd place (popular vote)		3rd place (popular vote)		Candidate has withdrawn		Candidate unable to appear on ballot

Date	Contest	Candidates and results
		Charles Ballay	Jacob Hornberger	Lars Mapstead	Chase Oliver	Michael Rectenwald	Joshua Smith	Mike ter Maat	Other	None of the Above
January 13	Arizona [3] [lower-alpha 3]	Not on ballot	2nd	5th	1st	3rd	3rd	5th	Not on ballot	2 votes [lower-alpha 4]
January 15	Iowa [4]	0% 0 votes	1.1% 1 vote	1.1% 1 vote	42.7% 38 votes	16.9% 15 votes	13.5% 12 votes	13.5% 12 votes	10.1% 9 votes [lower-alpha 5]	1.1% 1 vote
February 3	Alabama [5] [lower-alpha 3]	4th	6th	3rd	5th	1st	Not on ballot	2nd	6th [lower-alpha 6]	Not on ballot
February 24	Mississippi [6]	0% 0 votes	11.8% 2 votes	29.4% 5 votes	11.8% 2 votes	41.2% 7 votes	0% 0 votes	0% 0 votes	0% 0 votes	5.9% 1 vote
February 27	Minnesota [7]	2.3% 1 vote	14.0% 6 votes	0% 0 votes	23.3% 10 votes	20.9% 9 votes	30.2% 13 votes	4.7% 2 votes	2.3% 1 vote [lower-alpha 7]	2.3% 1 vote
March 2	Indiana [8]	Not on ballot	4.0% 4 votes	13.9% 14 votes	62.4% 63 votes	5.9% 6 votes	4.0% 4 votes	6.9% 7 votes	Not on ballot	3.0% 3 votes
	Pennsylvania [9]	2.2% 3 votes	4.4% 6 votes	0.1% 1 vote [lower-alpha 8]	19.0% 26 votes	22.6% 31 votes	16.1% 22 votes	28.5% 39 votes	6.6% 9 votes [lower-alpha 9]	Not on ballot
March 5	North Carolina [10]	3.6% 183 votes	7.0% 357 votes	3.5% 176 votes	13.3% 676 votes	3.8% 195 votes	7.0% 354 votes	2.7% 137 votes	18.7% 946 votes [lower-alpha 10]	40.5% 2,058 votes [lower-alpha 11]
	California [11]	98.6% 21,906 votes	Not on ballot		1.4% [lower-alpha 12] 313 votes	Not on ballot
	Oklahoma [13]	Not on ballot	38.9% 362 votes	Not on ballot	61.1% 569 votes	Not on ballot
	Massachusetts [14]	Not on ballot	11.0% 1,089 votes	4.0% 399 votes	14.6% 1,453 votes	5.5% 546 votes	Not on ballot	3.2% 314 votes	21.7% 2,161 votes [lower-alpha 13]	40.0% 3,982 votes
April 2	Connecticut [15]	First Ballot: 6.6% 7 votes Final Ballot: 0.0% 0 votes	First Ballot: 11.3% 12 votes Final Ballot: 34.4% 23 votes	First Ballot: 6.6% 7 votes Final Ballot: 0.0% 0 votes	First Ballot: 34.9% 37 votes Final Ballot: 65.6% 49 votes	First Ballot: 14.6% 14 votes Final Ballot: 0.0% 0 votes	First Ballot: 9.4% 10 votes Final Ballot: 0.0% 0 votes	First Ballot: 8.5% 9 votes Final Ballot: 0.0% 0 votes	First Ballot: 3.8% 4 votes Final Ballot: 0.0% 0 votes [lower-alpha 14]	First Ballot: 5.7% 6 votes Final Ballot: 0.0% 0 votes
May 5	Maine [16]	Not on ballot	0.0% 0 votes	73.3% 11 votes	13.3% 2 votes	Not on ballot	6.7% 1 vote	0.0% 0 votes	6.7% 1 vote [lower-alpha 15]	Not on ballot
May 14	Nebraska [17]	22.0% 237 votes	17.8% 192 votes	16.0% 172 votes	27.3% 294 votes	11.0% 119 votes	Not on ballot	5.9% 64 votes	Not on ballot
Totals as of May 15 (See Above)		56.2% 22,337 votes	5.1% 2,031 votes	2.0% 786 votes	8.8% 3,483 votes	2.4% 942 votes	1.0% 416 votes	1.5% 584 votes	7.9% 3,131 votes [lower-alpha 16]	15.2% 6,052 votes
June 4	New Mexico	Not on ballot		TBD	Not on ballot					TBD

Candidates

Major candidates

As of April 2024, at least 38 candidates have filed with the Federal Election Commission to run for the Libertarian Party presidential nomination in 2024. ^[18]

Declared candidates

This section includes declared candidates who have filed paperwork with the Federal Election Commission with intent to run under the Libertarian Party and who meet one or more of the following criteria: a) meet Wikipedia's notability guidelines; b) have participated in at least three Libertarian Party-sponsored debates; or c) have received non-trivial media coverage as a candidate in this election cycle.

Declared candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

Name		Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign Announcement date	Contests won	Popular vote	Running mate [lower-alpha 17]	Ref.
Charles Ballay		January 1, 1970 (age 54) New Orleans, Louisiana	Otolaryngologist	Louisiana	August 24, 2023 FEC filing [19]	1 (CA)	22,337 (56.2%)		[20]
Jacob Hornberger		January 28, 1950 (age 74) Laredo, Texas	Founder and President of the Future of Freedom Foundation Independent candidate for U.S. Senate from Virginia in 2002 Candidate for President in 2000 and 2020	Virginia	February 20, 2023 FEC filing [21]	0	2,031 (5.1%)		[22]
Lars Mapstead		August 14, 1969 (age 54) Monterey, California	Co-founder of Friend Finder Networks Founder of Fupa Games and Legendary Speed [23]	California	March 23, 2021 FEC filing [24]	1 (ME)	786 (2.0%)	Larry Sharpe [25]	[26]
Chase Oliver		August 16, 1985 (age 38) Nashville, Tennessee	Nominee for U.S. Senator from Georgia in 2022 Candidate for GA-05 in 2020 Chair of the Atlanta Libertarian Party (2016–2017)	Georgia	Campaign April 5, 2023 FEC filing [27]	6 (IA, IN, AZ, OK, CT, NE)	3,483 (8.8%)		[28]
Art Olivier		August 24, 1957 (age 66) Lynwood, California	Nominee for U.S. Vice President in 2000 Nominee for Governor of California in 2006 Mayor of Bellflower, California (1998–1999)	California	December 11, 2023 FEC filing [29]	0	5 (nil%)		[30]
Michael Rectenwald		January 29, 1959 (age 65) Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania	Author and Scholar Former New York University professor (2008–2019)	Pennsylvania	Campaign August 28, 2023 FEC filing [31]	2 (MS, AL)	942 (2.4%)	Clint Russell [32]	[22]
Joshua Smith		March 13, 1983 (age 41) Antioch, California	Vice Chair of the Libertarian National Committee (2022–2023)	Iowa	July 24, 2023 FEC filing [33]	1 (MN)	416 (1.0%)		[22]
Mike ter Maat		June 20, 1961 (age 62) Portland, Oregon	Economist Former Hallandale Beach, Florida police officer Nominee for FL-20 in 2022	Virginia	April 18, 2022 FEC filing [34]	1 (PA)	584 (1.5%)		[26]
Alternate ballot options:
No preference/ None of the above/ Uncommitted		N/A				2 (NC, MA)	6,052 (15.2%)	NA	[10]

Withdrew before the primaries

Former candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

Name	Born	Experience	Home state	Campaign announced	Campaign suspended	Campaign	Ref.
Joe Exotic	March 5, 1963 (age 60) Garden City, Kansas	Businessman and media personality Owner of the Greater Wynnewood Exotic Animal Park (1998–2018) Independent candidate for president in 2016 Candidate for Governor of Oklahoma in 2018	Texas	March 10, 2023	April 11, 2023 (running for the Democratic nomination) [35]	FEC filing [36]	[37]

Other candidates

The following candidates have achieved at least one of the following: appeared on a primary ballot, received votes in a LP-sanctioned contest that did not require ballot access, were invited to a party-sanctioned debate or forum, or were included on the Libertarian National Committee's list of candidates.

LNC delegates are not bound to votes in primary elections, so while voters are able choose a candidate, it has no direct effect on the nominee selection at the party's nominating Convention. ^[38]

On the ballot/received votes in multiple states

• Joseph Collins Jr., broadcaster from California (AL, MS, PA, CT) ^{[39] [40]}
• Joshua "Toad" Anderson (NC, PA) ^[20]

On the ballot/received votes in one state

• David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap (NC) from Florida ^{[20] [41]}
• Beau Lindsey (NC), "anonymous candidate" from Tennessee ^{[20] [42] [43]}
• Robert Sansone (IA), Air Force veteran and government contractor from Colorado ^[44]
• Mario Perales (IA), alien hunter from Iowa ^{[45] [46] [47]}
• David Reed DeSilva III of Arizona (MN) ^[48]

On the ballot/received votes in no states

• Joshua Rodriguez, computer scientist from Colorado ^{[49] [50]}
• Jody Jones, activist and economist from Florida ^{[51] [52]}

Other withdrawn candidates

• Keenan Dunham, former chair of the Horry County, South Carolina Libertarian Party and candidate for LP presidential nomination in 2016 and 2020 ^[53] (endorsed Oliver) ^[54]

Declined to be candidates

The following notable individuals have been the subject of speculation about their possible candidacy but have publicly denied interest in running.

• Justin Amash, former United States Representative from MI-03 (2011–2021), member of the Michigan House of Representatives from the 72nd district (2009–2011) (running for U.S. Senate as a Republican) ^{[22] [55]}
• Robert F. Kennedy Jr., environmental lawyer and founder of Children's Health Defense (previously ran for the Democratic nomination; currently running as an independent) ^{[56] [57]}
• Vivek Ramaswamy, executive chairman of Strive Asset Management (2022–2023) and CEO of Roivant Sciences (2014–2021) (ran as a Republican; endorsed Trump) ^{[58] [59]}
• Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, libertarian political commentator, and podcaster ^{[60] [61]} (endorsed Rectenwald) ^[62]
• Vermin Supreme, performance artist, activist, political satirist, perennial candidate, and candidate for the 2020 Libertarian presidential nomination (ran for the Democratic and Legal Marijuana Now nominations) ^{[63] [64]}

Endorsements

Lars Mapstead

Notable individuals

• Larry Sharpe, businessman, motivational speaker, and nominee for Governor of New York in 2018 and 2022 (running mate) ^[65]

Chase Oliver

Organizations

• Classical Liberal Caucus ^[66]

Notable individuals

• Mark Tuniewicz, Libertarian National Committee regional representative ^[67]

Michael Rectenwald

State officials

• Andrew Napolitano, former Judge of the New Jersey Superior Court (1987–1995) ^[62]

Notable individuals

• Gene Epstein, economist ^[62]
• Dave Smith, stand-up comedian, podcaster, and libertarian political commentator ^[62]
• Maj Toure, libertarian political activist and rapper ^[62] (Independent)

Organizations

• Mises Caucus ^[68]

Joshua Smith

Notable individuals

• Shane Hazel, 2020 nominee for U.S. Senate in Georgia, 2022 nominee for Governor in Georgia ^[69]

Timeline

	Active campaign		Withdrawn candidate
	Midterm elections		Libertarian National Convention

Debates and forums

Schedule

L1
Stanhope

L2
North Charleston

L3
Cromwell

L4
Tuscon

L5
Des Moines

L6
Jacksonville

L7
Conyers

L8
Delta

L9
Midwest City

L10
Des Moines

L11
Clemmons

L11
St. Louis

L12
Costa Mesa

L13
Harrisburg

L14
New Brunswick

L15
Elmhurst

L16
Flint

L17
Watkins Glen

L18
Colorado Springs

L19
Metairie

L20
Corpus Christi

L21
Spokane

L22
Salt Lake City

L23
Overland Park

L24
Duluth

L25
Washington

class=notpageimage|

Sites of the Libertarian Party presidential debates.

Debates

The following table lists debates which are sponsored by an affiliate of the Libertarian Party.

Libertarian Party-sponsored debates among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination

Date	Place	Host	Participants
P  Participant.  I  Invitee.  A  Absent.  N  Confirmed non-invitee.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered)			Ballay	Hornberger	Mapstead	Oliver	Olivier	Rectenwald	Smith	ter Maat	Others
October 3, 2023 [70]	Stanhope, New Jersey	North New Jersey Libertarian Party	A	A	A [lower-alpha 18]	P	O	P	P	A [lower-alpha 19]	A
November 11, 2023 [71] [lower-alpha 20]	North Charleston, South Carolina	South Carolina Libertarian Party	N	P	P	P	O	P	P	P	N
December 2, 2023 [73]	Cromwell, Connecticut	Connecticut Libertarian Party	A	P	P	P	O	P [lower-alpha 21]	A [lower-alpha 22]	P	A
January 13, 2024 [74]	Tucson, Arizona	Arizona Libertarian Party	A	P	P	P	A	P	A [lower-alpha 23]	P	A
January 15, 2024 [75]	Des Moines, Iowa	Libertarian Party of Iowa	A	A	P	P	A [lower-alpha 24]	A	P	P	A
January 20, 2024 [76]	Jacksonville, Florida	Libertarian Party of Florida	A	P	P	P	A	P	P	P	A
January 27, 2024 [77]	Conyers, Georgia	Libertarian Party of Georgia	A	P	P	P	A	P	P	P	P [lower-alpha 25]
February 3, 2024 [78]	Delta, Alabama	Libertarian Party of Alabama	P	P	P	P	A	P	A	P	P [lower-alpha 26]
February 7, 2024 [79] [lower-alpha 27]	Midwest City, Oklahoma	Libertarian Party of Oklahoma	N	P	N	P	N	N	N	N	N
February 17, 2024 [81]	Des Moines, Iowa	Libertarian Party of Iowa	A	A	A	A	P	A	A	P	A
February 18, 2024 [82] [83]	Clemmons, North Carolina	Libertarian Party of North Carolina	A	P	P	P	A	P	A	P	A [lower-alpha 28]
February 23, 2024 [84]	St. Louis, Missouri	Libertarian Party of Missouri	A	P	A	A	A	A	A	P	A
February 24-25, 2024 [85] [86] [87]	Costa Mesa, California	Libertarian Party of California	N2	N2	N2	A	A	N1	A	N1	N1/2 [lower-alpha 29]
March 2, 2024 [88] [89]	Harrisburg, Pennsylvania	Libertarian Party of Pennsylvania	P	P	A	P	P	P	P	P	A [lower-alpha 30]
March 3, 2024 [90]	New Brunswick, New Jersey	Libertarian Party of New Jersey	P	P	P	P	A	P	P	P	A
March 8, 2024 [91]	Elmhurst, Illinois	Libertarian Party of Illinois	P	P	P	P	P	A [lower-alpha 31]	P	P	A [lower-alpha 32]
March 9, 2024 [92]	Flint, Michigan	Libertarian Party of Michigan	P	P	P	P	P	A [lower-alpha 33]	A	P	A
March 17, 2024 [93] [94]	Watkins Glen, New York	Libertarian Party of New York	P	P	P	P	A	P	A	P	P [lower-alpha 34]
March 23, 2024 [95]	Colorado Springs, Colorado	Libertarian Party of Colorado	A	P	P	P	A	P	A	P	A
April 6, 2024 [96] [97]	Metairie, Louisiana	Libertarian Party of Louisiana	P	P	P	P	A	A [lower-alpha 35]	A	P	A [lower-alpha 36]
April 12, 2024 [98] [99] [lower-alpha 37]	Corpus Christi, Texas	Libertarian Party of Texas	N	N	P	P	N	P	N	P	N
April 14, 2024 [100]	Spokane, Washington	Libertarian Party of Washington	A	P	A	P	A	P [lower-alpha 38]	P [lower-alpha 39]	P [lower-alpha 40]	A
April 19, 2024 [101]	Salt Lake City, Utah	Libertarian Party of Utah	P	A	P	A	A	A	A	P	A
April 20, 2024 [102] [103]	Overland Park, Kansas	Libertarian Party of Kansas	A	P	A	P	A	P	P	P	A [lower-alpha 41]
April 21, 2024 [104]	Duluth, Minnesota	Libertarian Party of Minnesota	P	A [lower-alpha 42]	P	P	P	A [lower-alpha 43]	P	P	A
May 25, 2024 [105] [lower-alpha 44]	Washington, D.C.	United States Libertarian Party	TBD	N	TBD	TBD	N	TBD	TBD	TBD	TBD

Candidate	Debates
ter Maat	23
Oliver	21
Hornberger	19
Mapstead	19
Rectenwald	15
Smith	11
Ballay	10
Olivier	5
Collins Jr.	2
Anderson	1

Forums

Forums among candidates for the 2024 Libertarian Party U.S. presidential nomination

Date	Place	Host	Participants
P  Participant.  A  Absent.  O  Out of race (exploring, suspended, or not yet entered)			Ballay	Hornberger	Mapstead	Oliver	Olivier	Rectenwald	Smith	Maat	Others
February 15, 2023 [106]	Online	Larry Sharpe	O	O	P	P [lower-alpha 45]	O	O	O	P	P [lower-alpha 46]
March 26, 2023 [107]	Unknown, Washington	Libertarian Party of Washington	O	A	A	P [lower-alpha 47]	O	O	O	P	A
April 26, 2023 [49]	Online	Larry Sharpe	O	A [lower-alpha 48]	P	P	O	O	O	P	P [lower-alpha 49]
June 24, 2023 [109]	Lancaster, New Hampshire	PorcFest	O	A	P	A	O	O	O	P	A
October 21, 2023 [110]	Jacksonville, Florida	Libertarian Party of Duval County	A	A	P	P	O	P	P	P	A
December 10, 2023 [111]	Unknown, New Jersey	Libertarian Party of New Jersey	A	P	A	A	O	P	A	P	A

Primary election polling

State polling

Poll source	Sample size	Date(s)	Hornberger	Mapstead	Oliver	Rectenwald	ter Maat	Others
Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll [112]	143	August 21, 2023	4%	2%	19%		3%	74% [lower-alpha 50]
Suffolk University Massachusetts Poll [113]	10	February 2, 2024 - February 5, 2024	10%	0%	10%	0%	0%	70% [lower-alpha 51]

Campaign finance

According to campaign finance laws, an individual must begin filing reports once they raise or spend more than $5,000. This fundraising table includes money raised and spent as of June 30, 2023. As Smith had not officially announced his campaign as of that date, he has not reported any fundraising. Fundraising reports for the third quarter must be filed by October 15, 2023. ^[114]

Overview of campaign financing for candidates in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

through June 30, 2023

Candidate	Total raised	Total raised since last quarter	Individual contributions			Debt	Spent	Spent since last quarter	COH
			Total	Unitemized	Pct
Hornberger [115]	$30,386	$12,870	$30,361	$1,611	5.3%	$0	$13,338	$3,807	$17,048
Mapstead [116]	$158,414	$151,193	$2,300	$1,800	78.3%	$150,000	$94,497	$56,871	$101,543
Oliver [117]	$24,164			$5,432	22.5%	$0	$24,058		$106
Smith, Joshua	$0	$0	$0	$0	0.0%	$0	$0	$0	$0
ter Maat [118]	$126,805		$6,961	$1,937	27.8%	$0	$96,820		$29,985
Exotic [119] [lower-alpha 52]	$10,294				100.0%	$0	$8,530		$1,764

Schedule

Caucuses and primaries in the 2024 Libertarian Party presidential primaries

Date	Primaries/caucuses	Ref
January 13	Arizona convention	[3]
January 15	Iowa caucus	[120]
February 3	Alabama convention	[78]
February 24	Mississippi convention	[6]
February 27	Minnesota caucus	[121]
March 2	Indiana convention	[122]
	Pennsylvania convention	[123]
March 5	California primary	[124]
	Oklahoma primary	[125]
	Massachusetts primary	[126]
	North Carolina primary	[127]
April 2	Connecticut straw poll	[15]
May 5	Maine convention	[128]
May 14	Nebraska primary	[129]
May 24–26	Convention
June 4	New Mexico primary	[130]

Ballot access

The following is a table for which candidates have received ballot access in which states. indicates that the candidate was on the ballot for the primary contest, indicates that the candidate was a recognized write-in candidate, and indicates that the candidate did not appear on the ballot in that state's contest. indicates that a candidate withdrew before the election but was still listed on the ballot. If a state does not appear in the table, the filing deadline in the state has not passed.

Ballot access in the 2024 Libertarian presidential preference contests

State	Date	Ballay	Hornberger	Mapstead	Oliver	Olivier	Rectenwald	Smith	ter Maat	Other	NOTA	Ref
AZ	Jan 13											[131]
IA	Jan 15	Ballot access not required
AL	Feb 3									[lower-alpha 53]		[78]
MS	Feb 24									[lower-alpha 54]		[6]
MN	Feb 27	All FEC filed candidates qualified										[121]
IN	Mar 2											[132]
PA										[lower-alpha 55]		[123]
MA	Mar 5											[133]
NC										[lower-alpha 56]		[134]
CA												[135] [136]
OK												[137]
CT	April 2									[lower-alpha 57]		[15]
ME	May 5									[lower-alpha 58]		[138]
NE	May 14											[139]
NM	Jun 4											[140]

See also

• Third party and independent candidates for the 2024 United States presidential election
• 2024 Democratic Party presidential primaries
• 2024 Republican Party presidential primaries
• 2024 Green Party presidential primaries
• 2024 Constitution Party presidential primaries
• 2024 United States presidential election

Notes

1. Includes ‘No Preference’ in North Carolina
2. Popular vote totals are incomplete as some contests do not report raw vote totals.
3. Popular Vote Unavailable
4. Not included in popular vote total
5. 4 votes for Vivek Ramaswamy (Not a candidate), 2 votes for Robert Sansone, 2 votes for Mario Perales, 1 vote for Art Olivier
6. Joseph Collins Jr.
7. 1 vote for David Reed DeSilva III
8. As a write-in candidate
9. 4 votes for Art Olivier, 1 vote for Joseph Collins Jr., 2 write-in votes for Toad Anderson, 1 write-in vote for Dave Smith (not a candidate), and 1 write-in vote for Rowan Atkinson (not a candidate)
10. 464 votes (9.1%) for David (TrimeTaveler) Dunlap, 320 votes (6.3%) for Beau Lindsey, 162 votes (3.2%) for John “Toad” Anderson
11. Listed as No Preference
12. As a write-in candidate ^[12]
13. Scattered write-ins
14. For Joseph Collins Jr.
15. for Dave Smith (not a candidate)
16. 5.4%; 2,161 votes for Scattered write-ins
    1.2%; 464 votes for David "Trime Taveler" Dunlap
    0.8%; 320 votes for Beau Lindsey
    0.4%; 164 votes for John "Toad" Anderson
    nil%; 5 votes for Art Olivier
    nil%; 5 votes for Joseph Collins Jr.
    nil%; 4 votes for Vivek Ramaswamy (ran as a Republican)
    nil%; 2 votes for Robert Sansone
    nil%; 2 votes for Mario Perales
    nil%; 2 votes for Dave Smith (not a candidate)
    nil%; 1 vote for David Reed DeSilva III
    nil%; 1 vote for Rowan Atkinson (not a candidate)
17. While the Presidential and Vice-Presidential nominations occur separately, Presidential candidates often make known their preferred Vice Presidential nominees should they receive the nomination
18. Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
19. Participated in a virtual interview prior to the debate
20. To qualify candidates needed to have raised $10,000 and to have campaigned in ten states ^[72]
21. Participated virtually
22. Was announced as a participant but did not attend
23. Was announced as a participant but did not attend
24. Was announced as a participant but did not attend
25. Joshua "Toad" Anderson
26. Joseph Collins Jr.
27. Only candidates on the ballot in Oklahoma were invited. ^[80]
28. David 'TrimeTaveler' Dunlap was advertised as a candidate but did not attend
29. Night One: Robert F. Kennedy Jr. (running as independent)
    Night Two: Cornel West (running as independent)
    Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a night one participant but did not attend
30. Joseph Collins Jr. was advertised as a participant but did not attend
31. Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
32. Joshua Rodriguez was advertised as a participant but did not attend
33. Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
34. Joseph Collins Jr.
    Jill Stein (running for Green Party nomination) was advertised as a participant but did not attend
35. Was advertised as a participant but did not attend
36. Joseph Collins Jr. and Brett Dillon (running as an Independent) were advertised as participants but did not attend
37. The four campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the state's 'Vote with your dollars' campaign qualified for the debate
38. Participated virtually
39. Participated virtually
40. Participated virtually
41. Joseph Collins Jr. was advertised as a participant but did not attend
42. Was announced as a participant but did not attend
43. Was announced as a participant but did not attend
44. The five campaigns whose supporters raised the most money in the party's straw poll fundraiser will qualify for the debate
45. Oliver was not officially in the race
46. Joshua Rodriguez
47. Oliver was not officially in the race
48. Invited but did not attend ^[108]
49. Joshua Rodriguez
50. Avouris 8%, Babicz 4%, Biondi 8%, DeLeon 2%, DeSilva 6%, Dunlap 4%, Ferry 4%, Gagnon 3%, Garcia 7%, Lee 1%, Rodriguez 1%, Stewart 6%, Vaught Jr. 1%, Wagner 19%
51. Undecided 70%
52. Note that this table also includes fundraising data from Exotic's campaign as a Democratic presidential candidate.
53. Joseph Collins Jr.
54. Joseph Collins Jr.
55. Joseph Collins Jr
    All write-ins counted
56. Toad Anderson, David "TrimeTaveler" Dunlap, Beau Lindsey
57. Joseph Collins Jr.
58. All write-ins counted

References

1. "2024 Libertarian National Convention" Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine , LP.org.
2. Winger, Richard (July 22, 2022) "Libertarian Party Presidential Convention in 2024 Will be in Washington, D.C." Archived February 24, 2023, at the Wayback Machine , Ballot Access News .
3. "Arizona Straw Poll results".
4. Bunge, Mike (January 16, 2024). "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus". KIMT. Allen Media Broadcasting. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved January 16, 2024.
5. "LP Alabama". Facebook . Retrieved February 3, 2024.^{[ unreliable source? ]}
6. @LPMississippi (February 25, 2024). "The attendees of our annual convention in Flowood, MS, participated in the party's first presidential straw poll" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
7. "Results are in!".
8. "2024 LPIN Presidential Straw Poll Results".
9. "Straw Poll Results".
10. "03/05/2024 UNOFFICIAL PRIMARY ELECTION RESULTS - STATEWIDE", North Carolina State Board of Elections.
11. "STATEMENT OF VOTE MARCH 5, 2024, PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY RESULTS" (PDF). California Secretary of State. April 12, 2024. Retrieved April 12, 2024.
12. Weber, Shirley N. (February 3, 2024). "CERTIFIED LIST OF PRESIDENTIAL WRITE-IN CANDIDATES MARCH 5, 2024, PRESIDENTIAL PRIMARY ELECTION" (PDF). OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF STATE STATE OF CALIFORNIA.
13. "Unofficial Results". results.okelections.us. Oklahoma State Election Board . Retrieved March 6, 2024.
14. "2024 President Libertarian Primary". Secretary of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts . Retrieved March 12, 2024.
15. @LPofCT (April 3, 2024). "The winner of our LPCT Presidential Primary straw poll is @ChaseForLiberty" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
16. "Congrats to @LibertarianLars for winning the straw poll at yesterday's State Convention".
17. "May 14, 2024 Statewide Primary Election".
18. "List of United States Presidential Candidates:Libertarian Party". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
19. "FEC FORM 1 STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION FILING FEC-1738636". Federal Election Commission. Retrieved January 25, 2024.
20. "Here are the 10 Libertarian candidates in the 2024 NC Presidential Primary", Fox Carolina. February 29, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
21. "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1690012". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on March 20, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
22. Philips, Aleks (September 9, 2023). "Libertarians Sense Golden Opportunity to Make 2024 Breakthrough". Newsweek . Archived from the original on September 9, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
23. "Lars Mapstead". Well Found. Retrieved March 7, 2024.
24. "Lars Mapstead for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on September 9, 2021. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
25. "I am thrilled to announce today that New York businessman, veteran, and former candidate for NY governor Larry Sharpe will be joining the campaign as my vice-presidential candidate".
26. Sharp, John (March 23, 2023). "What's next for Libertarians? Presidential hopefuls bring platforms to Alabama". al. Archived from the original on September 28, 2023. Retrieved September 18, 2023.
27. "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. April 7, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on June 16, 2023. Retrieved June 16, 2023.
28. Barton, Tom (July 23, 2023) "Who is Chase Oliver" Meet the Libertarian candidate running for president" Archived July 23, 2023, at the Wayback Machine , The Gazette . Retrieved July 25, 2023.
29. "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. December 11, 2023. Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024.^{[ non-primary source needed ]}
30. Bunge, Mike (January 16, 2024) "Libertarian Party of Iowa announces the winner of its statewide Presidential caucus", KIMT.com. Retrieved January 26, 2024.
31. "Statement of Candidacy". Federal Election Commission. August 28, 2023. Archived from the original on September 4, 2023. Retrieved September 4, 2023.
32. "Here's the slate of @LPMisesCaucus endorsed LP candidates".
33. "Statement of Candidacy" (PDF). docquery.fec.gov. July 24, 2023. Archived (PDF) from the original on July 27, 2023. Retrieved July 27, 2023.
34. "Mike ter Maat for President – committee overview". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on March 21, 2023. Retrieved March 21, 2023.
35. "Joe Exotic switches parties for 2024 presidential run". Fox23.com Tulsa . April 12, 2023. Archived from the original on April 12, 2023. Retrieved April 12, 2023.
36. "Statement of Candidacy". docquery.fec.gov. February 1, 2023. Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved March 12, 2023.
37. Teh, Cheryl (March 21, 2023). "Joe Exotic is running a long-shot 2024 campaign for president, all while serving 21 years in prison for his role in a murder-for-hire plot". BusinessInsider.com . Archived from the original on March 22, 2023. Retrieved March 22, 2023.
38. "Libertarian Party presidential nomination, 2024". Ballotpedia. Archived from the original on January 4, 2024. Retrieved January 4, 2024.
39. Presswire, EIN (October 6, 2023). "Joseph Collins Jr. Will Run for President in 2024". FOX40. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
40. Smart, Johnathan (October 6, 2023). "Joseph Collins Jr. Will Run for President in 2024". URBT News. Retrieved January 31, 2024.
41. "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1616327". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
42. Beau Lindsey's 2024 Campaign Archived January 5, 2024, at the Wayback Machine , Accessed January 5, 2024.
43. "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1471972". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 24, 2024.
44. Robert Sansome's 2024 Campaign Archived January 5, 2024, at the Wayback Machine , Accessed January 5, 2023.
45. "FEC Form 2 for Report FEC-1743469". docquery.fec.gov. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
46. "Facebook". www.facebook.com. Retrieved January 21, 2024.
47. "Iowa Trial Court".
48. "STATEMENT OF CANDIDACY".
49. "2nd Libertarian Party Presidential Forum '24! Co-moderated by Larry Sharpe & Kim Iversen!". Larry Sharpe . April 26, 2023. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
50. "J2024 Illinois State Libertarian Party Convention" . Retrieved January 31, 2024.
51. "PRESIDENTIAL STRAW POLL".
52. "Jone$ '24 President".
53. "Big Questions with Big John – Keenan Dunham, 2024 Libertarian Presidential Candidate". September 5, 2023. Retrieved May 5, 2024.
54. "Keenan Wallace Dunham Libertarian for President 2024". www.dunham2024.com. Retrieved May 18, 2024.
55. "Justin Amash States That He Will Not Seek Libertarian Party Presidential Nomination | Ballot Access News". October 6, 2023. Archived from the original on October 8, 2023. Retrieved October 10, 2023.
56. Gibson, Brittany (March 25, 2024). "Robert F. Kennedy Jr. flirts with the Libertarian nomination". Politico. Retrieved April 2, 2024.
57. "RFK Jr. says he has ruled out Libertarian run for president". ABC News . April 13, 2024. Retrieved April 13, 2024.
58. Bacharier, Galen; Joens, Philip (December 7, 2023). "Vivek Ramaswamy, Libertarian candidate? In Iowa, his campaign flirts with a third-party run". The Des Moines Register . Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
59. "Vivek Ramaswamy says he is not exploring Libertarian presidential bid". The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa) . December 8, 2023. Archived from the original on December 9, 2023. Retrieved December 9, 2023.
60. Gillespie, Nick; Weissmueller, Zach (July 20, 2022). "Dave Smith: Comedian, Podcaster...Presidential Candidate?". Reason. Archived from the original on June 30, 2022. Retrieved August 26, 2023.
61. Weigal, David (February 9, 2024). "Libertarians could supercharge RFK Jr's campaign. But can he prove he's one of them?". Semafor . Yahoo! News . Retrieved February 14, 2024. Dave Smith, a comedian and leader in the Mises faction's LP takeover [...] considered a run for the nomination but opted against it.
62. "Endorsements". Michael Rectenwald 2024. Archived from the original on November 10, 2023. Retrieved November 10, 2023.
63. fReynolds, Nick (February 8, 2023). "Former Libertarian Presidential Candidate Torches Party". NewsWeek . Archived from the original on October 16, 2023. Retrieved October 14, 2023.
64. Porter, Steven (October 30, 2023). "Eccentric candidates 'part of the color' of N.H. primary process". The Boston Globe. Archived from the original on November 5, 2023. Retrieved November 5, 2023.
65. "I am thrilled to announce today that New York businessman, veteran, and former candidate for NY governor Larry Sharpe will be joining the campaign as my vice-presidential candidate".
66. "For PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, the Classical Liberal Caucus is proud to endorse Chase Oliver!".
67. . April 9, 2024 https://twitter.com/MarkTuniewicz/status/1777741458210160747 . Retrieved May 12, 2024.{{cite web}}: Missing or empty |title= (help)
68. "Here's the slate of @LPMisesCaucus endorsed LP candidates".
69. "Shane Hazel endores my campaign for President".
70. "Pumpkins & Peace". Archived from the original on November 13, 2023. Retrieved November 13, 2023– via www.youtube.com.
71. "2023 SCLP Presidential Debate". Archived from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023– via www.youtube.com.
72. "These are what they are requiring to be in the debate".
73. "Libertarian Party Presidential Debate". Archived from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved December 7, 2023– via www.youtube.com.
74. "2024 Arizona Libertarian Presidential Debate". Archived from the original on January 15, 2024. Retrieved January 15, 2024– via www.youtube.com.
75. "Pre-Caucus Libertarian Debate". Archived from the original on January 17, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024– via www.youtube.com.
76. "2024 LP Florida Debate". YouTube . Retrieved January 27, 2024.
77. "The 2024 Presidential Debate" . Retrieved February 1, 2024.
78. "LP Alabama". Facebook . Retrieved February 3, 2024.
79. "2024 Libertarian OK Presidential Forum". YouTube .
80. "Libertarian Presidential Candidates to Hold Forum at Rose State College".
81. "It's a DOUBLE-CONVENTION weekend! Art Olivier and I were in Iowa today for the LPIA presidential candidate debate while the campaign is up and running in North Carolina where I will be for tomorrow morning's LPNC debate!".
82. "2024 Convention Debates".
83. "Libertarian Party of North Carolina State Convention 2024 Presidential Porcupines". YouTube .
84. "Missouri Libertarian Party 2024 Presidential Debate". YouTube . Retrieved February 28, 2024.
85. "CALIFORNIA STATE CONVENTION". March 4, 2020. Retrieved January 27, 2024.
86. "2024 Libertarian Party of California Convention - Day 1". YouTube .
87. "2024 Libertarian Party of California Convention Day 2". YouTube .
88. "PENNSYLVANIA STATE CONVENTION" . Retrieved January 22, 2024.
89. "Live with Restream". YouTube .
90. "NJLP Presidential Debate".
91. "The Libertarian Party of Illinois 2024 Presidential Debate" [Debate begins around 2:12:15]. March 8, 2024.
92. "LP-Michigan".
93. "2024 LPNY Nominating Convention".
94. "LPNY Presidential Debate | Watkins Glen, NY | March 17, 2024
95. "Happening Now".
96. "Louisiana LP Convention".
97. "Thank you, Louisiana Libertarian Party".
98. "Vote-With-Your-Dollars Straw Poll". Libertarian Party of Texas. Retrieved January 30, 2024.
99. "Ready to debate!".
100. "Happening Now!".
101. "How Libertarians plan to 'throw a wrench' into the 2024 presidential election". April 20, 2024.
102. "2024 State Convention - Presidential Candidate Forum". April 20, 2024.
103. "Presidential Panel under way!".
104. "2024 LPMN State Convention". Libertarian Party of Minnesota. Retrieved March 31, 2024.
105. "PRESIDENTIAL STRAW POLL".
106. "Libertarian Party Presidential Forum for 2024! Co-moderated by Larry Sharpe & Chrissie Mayr!". Larry Sharpe . February 15, 2023. Archived from the original on October 2, 2023. Retrieved September 24, 2023.
107. "Washington LP Convention". YouTube .
108. Jacob Hornberger [@JacobforLiberty] (April 20, 2023). "I don't see the value in engaging in debates this early, especially since more candidates are almost certain to announce from now until November. Once the nominating conventions start, take my word for it—there will be debates almost every weekend, and you can rest assured that" (Tweet). Archived from the original on January 18, 2024. Retrieved January 17, 2024– via Twitter.
109. "PorcFest Presidential Forum". YouTube .
110. "Libertarian Presidential Candidates Visit Jax". Facebook . Retrieved January 30, 2024.
111. "The New Jersey Libertarian Party Presidential Forum". YouTube .
112. "Iowa State Fair Presidential Straw Poll – August Poll". sos.iowa.gov/. Archived from the original on September 22, 2023. Retrieved September 9, 2023.
113. "2024 Massachusetts Libertarian Primary" (PDF).
114. "2023 Quarterly reports". FEC.gov. Archived from the original on July 7, 2023. Retrieved July 7, 2023.
115. "Hornberger, Mr. Jacob George". Federal Election Commission . Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
116. "Mapstead, Lars, Damian". Federal Election Commission . Archived from the original on September 2, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
117. "Oliver, Chase Russell". Federal Election Commission . Archived from the original on August 20, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
118. "Ter Maat, Michael". Federal Election Commission . Archived from the original on September 20, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
119. "Maldonado, Joseph A." Federal Election Commission . Archived from the original on March 13, 2023. Retrieved August 20, 2023.
120. Bacharier, Galen (May 1, 2023). "Iowa libertarians are an official party for the 2024 election. Can they stay that way?". The Des Moines Register. Archived from the original on January 16, 2024. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
121. "CAUCUS NIGHT".
122. "2024 LPIN Presidential Straw Poll Results".
123. @JoshuaAtLarge (March 3, 2024). "Straw Poll Results" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
124. "March 5, 2024, Presidential Primary Election Calendar" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on August 2, 2023. Retrieved September 29, 2023.
125. "2024 Oklahoma Elections – Voter Information Calendar" (PDF). Oklahoma.gov Home. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 2, 2023. Retrieved December 8, 2023.
126. "How to Run for President in 2024". Massachusetts Secretary of State. Archived from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
127. "Upcoming Election". Massachusetts Secretary of State. Archived from the original on December 20, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
128. "Congrats to @LibertarianLars for winning the straw poll at yesterday's State Convention".
129. "Official 2024 Election Calendar" (PDF). Nebraska Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
130. "2024 Primary Candidate Information". New Mexico Secretary of State. Archived from the original on December 11, 2023. Retrieved December 11, 2023.
131. "AZLP Straw Poll results" . Retrieved February 3, 2024.
132. "2024 LPIN Presidential Straw Poll Results".
133. Evans, Joshua Willow (December 26, 2023). "Five Libertarians to Appear on Massachusetts Presidential Primary Ballot". Independent Political Report. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
134. "State Board Approves Presidential Primary Candidates". North Carolina State Board of Elections. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
135. "Generally Recognized Presidential Candidates - March 5, 2024, Presidential Primary Election" (PDF). California Secretary of State. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 16, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
136. "Chase Oliver Files as a Write-in Candidate in the California Libertarian Presidential Primary". February 10, 2024.
137. Stecklein, Janelle (December 7, 2023). "Who is on the presidential primary ballot in Oklahoma?". Oklahoma Voice. USA Today. Archived from the original on December 8, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.
138. Libertarian Party ME [@LP_Maine] (May 6, 2024). "Congrats to @LibertarianLars for winning the straw poll at yesterday's State Convention" (Tweet) – via Twitter.
139. "Presidential candidates for Nebraska’s primary ballot announced" KOLN. February 28, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
140. Lee, Morgan (December 22, 2023). "New Mexico parties certify 5 GOP candidates for June presidential primary amid challenge to Trump". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on December 28, 2023. Retrieved December 28, 2023.