List of ports in India

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Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India Airports and seaports map.png
Map showing the location of airports and seaports in India

India has a coastline of 7517 kilometres, forming one of the largest peninsulas in the world. There are 12 major ports and 217 non-major ports (or minor ports) in India. Major ports are under the administrative control of Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways under the Government of India, while non-major ports are under the administrative control of State Maritime Boards of state governments or privately owned. [1] According to the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways, around 95 percent of India's trading by volume and 70 percent by value is done through maritime transport. India's major ports handled highest ever cargo of 795 million tonne in FY23. [2]

Contents

Port Blair which was notified as major port in 2010 was removed later. The ports are spread across Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal. [3] Government of India plans to build new greenfield ports and also built associated infrastructure such as railway lines through the 2015 established Sagar Mala project, [4] and National Maritime Development Programme. [5]

Classification of ports

According to Constitution of India, maritime transport is to be administered by both the Central and the State governments. While the central government's shipping ministry administers the major ports, the minor and intermediate ports are administered by the relevant departments or ministries in the nine coastal states of Andhra Pradesh, Goa, Gujarat, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, Odisha, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Several of these 187 minor and intermediate ports have been identified by the respective governments to be developed, in a phased manner, a good proportion of them involving public–private partnership.

The maritime boards of state governments administer control of minor ports owned by state governments. In 2018–19, minor ports of Gujarat alone handled total 542 MMT of cargo. [6] Maharashtra Maritime Board sets record of handling 71 mn tons of cargo in 2022–23. [7]

Capacity

The capacity of Indian ports currently stands at 2,604.99 mtpa. [8] The container throughput of Indian ports stood at 17 million TEUs for the period 2020. [9]

Ship breaking

As of January 2020, India has 30% share of ship breaking with annual US$1.1 billion revenue. India is a signatory to Hong Kong International Convention for the safe and environmentally sound recycling of ships. India plans to pass the "Recycling of Ships Act, 2019" to ratify the Hong Kong treaty. This will allow India to capture its targeted 60% in the global ship breaking business while doubling the annual to US$2.3 billion target. [10] India's Alang-Sosiya Ship Breaking Yard is world's largest ships' graveyard. [10] Other ship graveyards in India is the Steel Industrials Kerala Limited breaking unit. [11]

Major ports

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Location of 12 major ports of India.

The following are the 12 major ports of India. [12] [13]

NameEstb. YearImageCityStateCargo handled in MTPA
(FY2022-23)
Chennai Port 1881 Port of Chennai, India - panoramio.jpg Chennai Tamil Nadu 136
Cochin Port 1928 Vallarpadam Container Terminal.JPG Kochi Kerala 79.9
Deendayal Port 1965 Port of Kandla.jpg Kandla Gujarat 269.10 [14]
Jawaharlal Nehru Port 1988 Jawaharlal Nehru Trust Port.jpg Navi Mumbai Maharashtra 141.37
Kamarajar Port 2001 Ennore Tamil Nadu 91
Mormugao Port 1985

Goa-Vasco 03-2016 07 view to Mormugao Harbour.jpg

Mormugao Goa 63.40
Mumbai Port 1873 Mumbai Port Trust.JPG Mumbai Maharashtra 84
New Mangalore Port 1974 New Mangalore Port.jpg Mangaluru Karnataka 114.96
Paradip Port 1966 Paradip Port.jpg Paradeep Odisha 289.75 [15]
Syama Prasad Mookerjee Port 1870 khidirpur ddk 4.jpg Kolkata West Bengal 92.77
Visakhapatnam Port 1933 Visakhapatnam seaport from Fishing harbour.jpg Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh 143.68
V. O. Chidambaranar Port 1974 A view of Tuticorin Port.jpg Thoothukkudi Tamil Nadu 111.46

Non-major ports

Private ports

NameEstb. YearImageCityStateOwnership
Mundra Port 1998 Adani Mundra Port Kutch Gujarat.jpg Mundra Gujarat Adani Group
Karaikal Port 2009 Karaikal port.jpg Karaikal Puducherry Adani Group
JSW Jaigad Port 2006 Ratnagiri district Maharashtra JSW Group
Krishnapatnam Port 2008 Krishnapatnam port cranes unloadng a ship.jpg Krishnapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
JSW Dharamtar Port 2012 Alibag Maharastra JSW Group
Hazira Port 2013 Hazira Gujarat Adani Group
Dighi Port 2000 Raigad district Maharashtra Adani Group
Dhamra Port 2011 Dhamra Port.jpg Bhadrak district Odisha Adani Group
Gopalpur port 2013 Gopalpur Port.jpg Chhatrapur Odisha Shapoorji Pallonji Group
Gangavaram Port 2009 Gangavaram View.jpg Visakhapatnam Andhra Pradesh Adani Group
Kattupalli Port 2012 Kattupalli Tamil Nadu Adani Group
Dahej Port 2010 Bharuch district Gujarat Adani Group
Kakinada Port 1999 Far view of Kakinada port from Beach.jpg East Godavari Andhra Pradesh Aurobindo Group
Tuna Port 2022 [16] Tuna Gujarat Adani Group
APM Terminals Pipavav 2002 Berth portpipavav.JPG Pipavav Gujarat Maersk

See also

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Kamarajar Port, formerly Ennore Port, is located on the Coromandel Coast, Chennai about 18 km north of Chennai Port. It is the 12th major port of India, and the first port in India which is a public company. The Kamarajar Port Limited is the only corporatised major port and is registered as a company. Chennai Port Trust acquired around 67% stake of Centre in the Kamarajar Port Limited on 27 March 2020. The remaining 23 percent was already held by the Chennai Port Trust.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Adani Ports & SEZ</span> Indian multinational port operator and logistics company

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority</span> Port in India

V. O. Chidambaranar Port is a port in Thoothukudi, Tamil Nadu, and is one of the 12 major ports in India. It was declared to be a major port on 11 July 1974. It is the second largest port in Tamil Nadu and third largest container terminal in India. V.O. Chidambaranar Port is an artificial port. This is the third international port in Tamil Nadu and it is second all-weather port. All V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority's traffic handling has crossed 10 million tons from 1 April to 13 September 2008, registering a growth rate of 12.08 per cent, surpassing the corresponding previous year handling of 8.96 million tons. It has services to USA, China, Europe, Sri Lanka and Mediterranean countries. The Station Commander, Coast Guard Station Thoothukudi is located at V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority, Tamil Nadu under the operational and administrative control of the Commander, Coast Guard Region (East), Chennai. The Coast Guard Station V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority was commissioned on 25 April 1991 by Vice Admiral SW Lakhar, NM, VSM the then Director General Coast Guard. The Station Commander is responsible for Coast Guard operations in this area of jurisdiction in Gulf of Mannar. V.O. Chidambaranar Port Authority Thoothukudi is an ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 and International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code compliant port.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">JSW Ispat Steel</span>

JSW Ispat Steel Ltd (JISL) was an Indian company with operations in iron, steel, mining, energy and infrastructure. It was set up as Nippon Denro Ispat Limited in May 1984 by founding chairman M. L. Mittal. It was listed on the Bombay Stock Exchange and National Stock Exchange of India until 2013 when it was merged with JSW Steel. It was headquartered in Mumbai and employed about 3,000 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">National Waterway 4</span> Long waterway in India

National Waterway 4 (NW-4) is a 1,095 kilometres (680 mi) long waterway in India. It has been declared as an Indian National Waterway and is currently under development. It connects the Indian states of Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and the union territory of Puducherry. The NW-4 runs along the Coromandal Coast through Kakinada, Eluru, Commanur, Buckingham Canals and also through part of Krishna and Godavari rivers in South India. It was declared a National Waterway on 24 November 2008 under the Provisions of National Waterways Bill, 2006. It is being developed by the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI), and was scheduled for completion by 2013. The National Waterways Act, 2016 has extended the length of NW-4 from 1,095 km (680 mi) to 2,890 km (1,800 mi) by connecting the Krishna and Godavari Rivers. The Project would be undertaken in 3 phases with first phase beginning in October, 2017 and to be completed by June, 2019

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vizhinjam International Seaport Thiruvananthapuram</span> Port under construction in Kerala, India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maharashtra Maritime Board</span> Governmental organisation of India

The Maharashtra Maritime Board is governmental organisation in the state of Maharashtra, India. The board is tasked with the administration of ports and harbours, conservancy, licensing of crafts, levying of fees, regulation and control of traffic. Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB) came into existence in 1996 and Commissioner, Water Transport was re-designated as chief executive officer, MMB.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mundra Port</span> Container port in India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Visakhapatnam Port</span> Port in India

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kollam Port</span> Port in India

Kollam Port is one of the historic ports situated 4 kilometres (2.5 mi) away from Downtown Kollam It is the second largest port in Kerala by volume of cargo handled and facilities. Located on the south-west coast of India, under the name of Quilon Port it became one of the country's most important trade hubs from the ninth to the seventeenth centuries. Kollam was one of the five Indian ports visited by Ibn Battuta.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vijaydurg Port</span> Port in India

Vijaydurg Port is a natural harbour on the west coast of the district of Sindhudurg in Maharashtra, India. The port is situated midway between Malvan and Ratnagiri at the mouth of the Vijaydurg creek in Devgad taluka. Its coastal jurisdiction extends 10 km north up to the Jaitapur lighthouse. Goods weighing about 200 tons are generally loaded or unloaded at the port daily. The cargo brought by sea is transported by creek up to Kharepatan which is 26 miles up from Vijayadurg.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sagar Mala project</span> Indian shipping infrastructure project

The Sagarmala Programme is an initiative by the Government of India to enhance the performance of the country's logistics sector. The programme envisages unlocking the potential of waterways and the coastline to minimize infrastructural investments required to meet these targets.

The National Shipping Board is an Advisory Body on matters related to shipping and shipping infrastructure (ports). As India gained its independence in 1947 shipping had become very important for the growth of India as the Shipping Laws were created by old British law it had to be revised and in 1958 when the Merchant Shipping Law was consolidated and the opportunity was taken to provide for the formation of a Permanent statutory body called the National Shipping Board. The National Shipping Board was established on 1 March 1959.The Body was established by a recommendation to the Reconstruction Policy Sub-Committee as early as 1947. It comes under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways (India), it looks into matters related to Indian Shipping.The National Shipping Board members are elected/nominated by Parliament, Lok Sabha (lower house of parliament and Rajya Sabha. The National Maritime Agenda 2010-2020 is an initiative of the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways & The National Shipping Board to outline the framework for the development of the port sector. The agenda also suggests policy-related initiatives to improve the operating efficiency and competitiveness of the Ports in India.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bharatmala</span> Indian highway and expressway construction project

The Bharatmala Pariyojna is an ongoing project that will interconnect 550 District Headquarters through a minimum 4-lane highway by raising the number of corridors to 50 and move 80% freight traffic to National Highways by interconnecting 24 logistics parks, 66 inter-corridors (IC) of total 8,000 km (5,000 mi), 116 feeder routes (FR) of total 7,500 km (4,700 mi) and 7 north east Multi-Modal waterway ports. The project also includes development of tunnels, bridges, elevated corridors, flyovers, overpass, interchanges, bypasses, ring roads etc. to provide shortest, jam free & optimized connectivity to multiple places, it is a centrally-sponsored and funded Road and Highways project of the Government of India. This ambitious umbrella programme will subsume all existing Highway Projects including the flagship National Highways Development Project (NHDP), launched by the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government in 1998. Bharatmala is mainly focused on connecting remote areas and satellite cities of megacities such as Bengaluru, Pune, Hyderabad etc. The total investment for 83,677 km (51,994 mi) committed new highways is estimated at 10.63 lakh crore (US$130 billion), making it the single largest outlay for a government road construction scheme. The project will build highways from Maharashtra, Gujarat, Rajasthan, Punjab, Haryana and then cover the entire string of Himalayan territories - Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand - and then portions of borders of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar alongside Terai, and move to West Bengal, Sikkim, Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, and right up to the Indo-Myanmar border in Manipur and Mizoram. Special emphasis will be given on providing connectivity to far-flung border and rural areas including the tribal and backward areas.

Water transport in India has played a significant role in the country's economy and is indispensable to foreign trade. India is endowed with an extensive network of waterways in the form of rivers, canals, backwaters, creeks and a long coastline accessible through the seas and oceans. It has the largest carrying capacity of any form of transport and is most suitable for carrying bulky goods over long distances.

Mormugao Port is a port on the western coast of India, in the coastal state of Goa. Commissioned in 1885 on the site of a natural harbour, it is one of India's oldest ports. The port employs around 2,600 employees and has about 4,000 pensioners.

Gujarat Maritime Board (GMB) is a government agency of the Government of Gujarat, a state of India. It was founded in 1982 to control, manage and operate the minor ports of Gujarat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Port of Kandla</span> Port in India

Kandla Port, officially known as Deendayal Port, is a seaport in Kutch district of Gujarat, India. The port is situated in the Kandla Creek and is 90 km from the mouth of Gulf of Kutch, it is one of India's major ports on the west coast. It is about 256 nautical miles southeast of the Port of Karachi in Pakistan and about 430 nautical miles north-northwest of the Port of Mumbai. Kandla Port was constructed in the 1950s as the chief seaport serving western India.

References

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  8. Rajan, Jessica (28 July 2023). "Cargo handling capacity of ports to rise in 2024". The Economic Times.
  9. "Maritime India Vision (MIV) 2030 estimates investments of Rs. 1,00,000–1,25,000 crore for capacity augmentation and development of world-class infrastructure at Indian Ports".
  10. 1 2 India eyes 60 per cent share of global ship recycling business; higher GDP contribution, Economic Times, 30 December 2019.
  11. Sucheth, P R (26 May 2014). "Locals up in Arms against SILK Ship-breaking Unit". The New Indian Express. Retrieved 3 February 2022.
  12. "Cargo handling capacity of Major Ports of the country has gone up to 1617.39 Million Tonnes Per Annum (MTPA) as on March 2023". Pib.gov.in. Retrieved 10 May 2024.
  13. "Operational Details". Indian Ports Association. Retrieved 17 December 2014.
  14. "DPA Kandla highlights Major achievements of FY 2022-23 during Annual Press Meet - India Shipping News". 6 April 2023.
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  16. "Union Cabinet decision: Kutch to get 2 new port terminals at Rs 5,963 crore". 13 October 2022.