Solar eclipse of October 10, 1912

Solar eclipse of October 10, 1912
Map
Type of eclipse
Nature	Total
Gamma	−0.4149
Magnitude	1.0229
Maximum eclipse
Duration	115 s (1 min 55 s)
Coordinates	28°06′S40°06′W / 28.1°S 40.1°W / -28.1; -40.1
Max. width of band	85 km (53 mi)
Times (UTC)
Greatest eclipse	13:36:14
References
Saros	142 (17 of 72)
Catalog # (SE5000)	9309

A total solar eclipse occurred on October 10, 1912. ^{[1] [2] [3]} A solar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes between Earth and the Sun, thereby totally or partly obscuring the image of the Sun for a viewer on Earth. A total solar eclipse occurs when the Moon's apparent diameter is larger than the Sun's, blocking all direct sunlight, turning day into darkness. Totality occurs in a narrow path across Earth's surface, with the partial solar eclipse visible over a surrounding region thousands of kilometres wide. Totality was visible from Ecuador, Colombia, northern tip of Peru and Brazil.

Observation

German physicist, mathematician and astronomer Johann Georg von Soldner calculated the gravitational lens effect in an article published in 1801. Albert Einstein got similar values ​​in 1911, and proposed verifying it by observing the stars around the sun. The only feasible way at that time was observing during a total solar eclipse, when the sun is totally blocked. This was the first total solar eclipse after that ^[4] . Local teams from Brazil and international teams from the United Kingdom, France, the German Empire, Argentina and Chile made attempts in Brazil. However, it rained throughout almost the whole path of totality, and all teams failed ^[5] .

Related eclipses

Solar eclipses 1910–1913

This eclipse is a member of a semester series. An eclipse in a semester series of solar eclipses repeats approximately every 177 days and 4 hours (a semester) at alternating nodes of the Moon's orbit. ^[6]

Solar eclipse series sets from 1910 to 1913
Ascending node			Descending node
117	May 9, 1910 Total		122	November 2, 1910 Partial
127	April 28, 1911 Total		132	October 22, 1911 Annular
137	April 17, 1912 Hybrid		142	October 10, 1912 Total
147	April 6, 1913 Partial		152	September 30, 1913 Partial

Saros series 142

It is a part of Saros cycle 142, repeating every 18 years, 11 days, containing 72 events. The series started with partial solar eclipse on April 17, 1624. It contains one hybrid eclipse on July 14, 1768, and total eclipses from July 25, 1786 through October 29, 2543. The series ends at member 72 as a partial eclipse on June 5, 2904. The longest duration of totality will be 6 minutes, 34 seconds on May 28, 2291. All eclipses in this series occurs at the Moon’s descending node. ^[7]

Series members 17–41 occur between 1901 and 2359
17	18	19
October 10, 1912	October 21, 1930	November 1, 1948
20	21	22
November 12, 1966	November 22, 1984	December 4, 2002
23	24	25
December 14, 2020	December 26, 2038	January 5, 2057
26	27	28
January 16, 2075	January 27, 2093	February 8, 2111
29	30	31
February 18, 2129	March 2, 2147	March 12, 2165
32	33	34
March 23, 2183	April 4, 2201	April 15, 2219
35	36	37
April 25, 2237	May 7, 2255	May 17, 2273
38	39	40
May 28, 2291	June 9, 2309	June 20, 2327
41
June 30, 2345

Notes

1. "SOLAR ECLIPSE. Disappointed Scientists". Manchester Evening News. Manchester, Greater Manchester, England. 1912-10-11. p. 6. Retrieved 2023-11-03– via Newspapers.com.
2. "TOTAL ECLIPSE OF THE SUN OCT. 10". Martinsburg Statesman-Democrat. Martinsburg, West Virginia. 1912-10-11. p. 2. Retrieved 2023-11-03– via Newspapers.com.
3. "SOLAR ECLIPSE FAILURE". Leicester Mercury. Leicester, Leicestershire, England. 1912-10-11. p. 5. Retrieved 2023-11-03– via Newspapers.com.
4. Helmut Hornung (26 May 2015). "A solar eclipse sheds light on physics". Phys.org. Archived from the original on 26 November 2020.
5. "GENERAL NOTES". Astronomical Society of the Pacific. December 1912. pp. 288–290. Archived from the original on 28 August 2019.
6. van Gent, R.H. "Solar- and Lunar-Eclipse Predictions from Antiquity to the Present". A Catalogue of Eclipse Cycles. Utrecht University. Retrieved 6 October 2018.
7. http://eclipse.gsfc.nasa.gov/SEsaros/SEsaros142.html

Additional reading

• Paolantonio, Santiago (2019). "Eclipse de 1912 en Brasil. Primera tentativa de medir la deflexión de la luz y comparar con el valor propuesto por Einstein de 1911" [Eclipse of 1912 in Brazil. First attempt to measure the deflection of light and its comparison with the value proposed by Einstein in 1911]. Revista Brasileira de Ensino de Física (in Spanish). 41 (suppl 1). doi: 10.1590/1806-9126-rbef-2019-0206 . ISSN   1806-9126. S2CID   213858006.

References

• Earth visibility chart and eclipse statistics Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC
  • Google interactive map
  • Besselian elements