Tenpeak Mountain

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Tenpeak Mountain
Tenpeak.jpg
West aspect
Highest point
Elevation 8,312 ft (2,533 m) [1]
Prominence 536 ft (163 m) [1]
Parent peak Luahna Peak [2]
Isolation 2.10 mi (3.38 km) [1]
Coordinates 48°04′38″N121°02′04″W / 48.077193°N 121.034382°W / 48.077193; -121.034382 [2]
Geography
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Tenpeak Mountain
Location of Tenpeak Mountain in Washington
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Tenpeak Mountain
Tenpeak Mountain (the United States)
CountryUnited States
State Washington
County Snohomish / Chelan
Protected area Glacier Peak Wilderness [2]
Parent range North Cascades
Cascade Range
Topo map USGS Glacier Peak East
Geology
Age of rock Cretaceous
Type of rock granitic
Climbing
First ascent 1940
Easiest route class 4 scrambling [1] [3]

Tenpeak Mountain is an 8,312-foot (2,533-metre) mountain summit located in the Glacier Peak Wilderness of the North Cascades in Washington state. [4] Tenpeak is situated on the crest of the Cascade Range, on the shared border of Snohomish County and Chelan County, also straddling the boundary between the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest and the Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest higher neighbor is Luahna Peak, 2.5 mi (4.0 km) to the southeast. Topographic relief is significant since the northern aspect of the mountain rises 4,200 feet above the Suiattle Valley in approximately 1.5 mi (2.4 km). This mountain has small, unnamed, hanging glaciers in cirques surrounding the summit, and the terminus of the Honeycomb Glacier lies below the western base of the mountain. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the glaciers drains south into White River; or north into the Suiattle River. This mountain's descriptive name was suggested by The Mountaineers, and was officially adopted in 1918 by the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. [4] The first ascent was made September 21, 1940, by Lloyd Anderson and Tom Campbell. [3]

Contents

Geology

The North Cascades features some of the most rugged topography in the Cascade Range with craggy peaks, ridges, and deep glacial valleys. Geological events occurring many years ago created the diverse topography and drastic elevation changes over the Cascade Range leading to various climate differences.

The history of the formation of the Cascade Mountains dates back millions of years ago to the late Eocene Epoch. [5] With the North American Plate overriding the Pacific Plate, episodes of volcanic igneous activity persisted. [5] In addition, small fragments of the oceanic and continental lithosphere called terranes created the North Cascades about 50 million years ago. [5] During the Pleistocene period dating back over two million years ago, glaciation advancing and retreating repeatedly scoured and shaped the landscape. [5] Glaciation was most prevalent approximately 18,000 years ago, and most valleys were ice-free by 12,000 years ago. [3] Uplift and faulting in combination with glaciation have been the dominant processes which have created the tall peaks and deep valleys of the North Cascades area.

Tenpeak seen from Glacier Peak Tenpeak Mountain from Glacier Peak.jpg
Tenpeak seen from Glacier Peak

Subduction and tectonic activity in the area began during the late cretaceous period, about 90  million years ago. Extensive volcanic activity began to take place in the oligocene, about 35 million years ago. [6] Glacier Peak, a stratovolcano that is 4.4 mi (7.1 km) northwest of Tenpeak Mountain, began forming in the mid-Pleistocene. [3] Due to Glacier Peak's proximity to Tenpeak Mountain, volcanic ash is common in the area.

Climate

Tenpeak Mountain is located in the marine west coast climate zone of western North America. [3] Most weather fronts originating in the Pacific Ocean travel northeast toward the Cascade Mountains. As fronts approach the North Cascades, they are forced upward by the peaks of the Cascade Range (orographic lift), causing them to drop their moisture in the form of rain or snowfall onto the Cascades. As a result, the west side of the North Cascades experiences high precipitation, especially during the winter months in the form of snowfall. [3] Because of maritime influence, snow tends to be wet and heavy, resulting in high avalanche danger. [3] During winter months, weather is usually cloudy, but due to high pressure systems over the Pacific Ocean that intensify during summer months, there is often little or no cloud cover during the summer. [3] Due to its temperate climate and proximity to the Pacific Ocean, areas west of the Cascade Crest very rarely experience temperatures below 0 °F (−18 °C) or above 80 °F (27 °C). [3] The months July through September offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing this peak.

See also

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Martin Peak is an 8,511-foot (2,594-metre) mountain summit located in the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington state. Martin Peak is situated 80 miles northeast of Seattle, and 3 mi (4.8 km) northwest of Holden, in the Glacier Peak Wilderness, on land managed by the Wenatchee National Forest. Martin Peak ranks 56th on Washington's highest 100 peaks, and 54th on the "Bulger List". The nearest higher neighbor is Bonanza Peak, 2.35 miles (3.78 km) to the west, and Riddle Peak lies 3.7 miles (6.0 km) to the east-southeast. Precipitation runoff from the mountain and meltwater from the glacier in the east cirque drains into nearby Lake Chelan via Railroad Creek and Company Creek. Topographic relief is significant since the southern aspect of the mountain rises 4,900 feet above the Railroad Creek Valley in approximately 2 mi (3.2 km). The first ascent of the peak was made in July 1936 by Ida Zacher Darr.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Berge</span> Mountain in Washington (state), United States

Mount Berge is a 7,951-foot (2,423-metre) double-summit granitic mountain located in the Glacier Peak Wilderness of the North Cascades, in Chelan County of Washington state. The mountain is situated along the crest of the Cascade Range, on land managed by the Okanogan–Wenatchee National Forest. Its nearest higher neighbor is Napeequa Peak, 1.2 mi (1.9 km) to the west, and Buck Mountain is 1.7 mi (2.7 km) to the east-southeast. Berge is positioned on Chiwawa Ridge with Buck and Napeequa, and other notable peaks on this ridge include Fortress Mountain, Brahma Peak, Cirque Mountain, Helmet Butte, and Chiwawa Mountain. Precipitation runoff from Berge drains to the headwaters of Napeequa River; or east into tributaries of the Chiwawa River.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mount Buckindy</span> Mountain in Washington (state), United States

Mount Buckindy is a remote 7,320-foot-elevation (2,230-meter) mountain summit located in the North Cascades, in Skagit County of Washington state. It is the second-highest point of the Buckindy Range, or Buckindy Ridge. It is set in the Glacier Peak Wilderness on land managed by the Mount Baker-Snoqualmie National Forest. It is situated 20 miles east-northeast of Darrington, Washington, and 17 miles north-northwest of Glacier Peak which is one of the Cascade stratovolcanoes. Precipitation runoff from Mount Buckindy drains south to the Suiattle River via Buck Creek and Downey Creek, and north to the Cascade River via Kindy Creek. Topographic relief is significant as the summit rises 4,700 feet above Kindy Creek in less than two miles. The mountain's toponym is a portmanteau of Buck and Kindy Creeks, and has been officially adopted by the United States Board on Geographic Names.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Tenpeak Mountain - 8,312' WA". listsofjohn.com. Retrieved 2024-04-07.
  2. 1 2 3 "Tenpeak Mountain, Washington". Peakbagger.com.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Beckey, Fred W. Cascade Alpine Guide, Climbing and High Routes. Seattle, WA: Mountaineers Books, 2008.
  4. 1 2 "Tenpeak Mountain". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved 2020-05-22.
  5. 1 2 3 4 Kruckeberg, Arthur (1991). The Natural History of Puget Sound Country. University of Washington Press.
  6. "North Cascades Geology". United States Geological Survey. Archived from the original on August 1, 2013. Retrieved July 29, 2013.