Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War

Last updated

Reparations from Russia after the Russo-Ukrainian War is a full or partial compensation (under the peace treaty or other international acts) by Russia for the damage caused to Ukraine as a result of the annexation of Crimea, the war in eastern Ukraine and the Russian invasion of Ukraine. President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy demanded such compensation as a form of war reparations on March 3, 2022. Russia has not made any indication that they will accede to it.

Contents

History

The issue of compensation by Russia for the losses caused to Ukraine as a result of the annexation of Crimea and the war in Donbas that began in 2014 has been discussed from the very beginning. In particular, in November 2019, the Ukrainian Minister of Infrastructure Vladyslav Krykliy noted that Russia will be forced to pay war reparations to Ukraine for military aggression in the Donbas. [1]

Russia has consistently ruled out discussing this issue. Dmitry Peskov, a spokesman for Russian President Vladimir Putin, called Krykliy's statement a “failure” and suggested not forgetting “where Donbas is” and “who started the war in Donbas”. [2]

For the first time, the issue was officially enshrined at the state level in Ukraine in June 2021, in the Strategy of Ukraine's Foreign Policy adopted by the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine. The document stipulates that Ukraine in its foreign policy in the Russian direction will seek an end to the armed conflict and the return of the temporarily occupied territories. [3]

The obvious conditions for reviewing relations with the Russian Federation and moving from confrontation to “peaceful coexistence” should be the cessation of Russia's aggression against Ukraine and the return of the temporarily occupied territories, compensation and other forms of reparation for damage caused to Ukraine by the temporary occupation practices of interference in the internal affairs of Ukraine
— Excerpt from the Strategy of Foreign Policy of Ukraine

On March 3, 2022, the president of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy demanded that Russia restore all the damaged infrastructure to Ukraine during hostilities, during the payment of reparations and contributions.

We will restore every house, every street, every city. And we say to Russia: teach us the words “reparations” and “contributions”. You will repay everything you did against Ukraine. In full. And we will not forget those who died, — said the President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy. [4]

On November 14, 2022, General Assembly of UN has adopted a resolution calling on Russia to pay reparations for the destruction caused by its war of aggression. 94 countries voted in favour of the resolution, and 14 against, while 73 abstained. Belarus, Bahamas, Central African Republic, China, Cuba, North Korea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Iran, Mali, Nicaragua, Russia, Syria, and Zimbabwe voted against. [5] [6]

Amount of losses

According to the chairman of the Committee of Economists of Ukraine Andriy Novak, with the beginning of the Russian aggression, Ukraine lost up to 20% of GDP at once. Thus, the GDP in 2013 amounted to 183 billion dollars. Accordingly, since then, the state has received less than $4 billion in foreign direct investment each year. [2]

Moreover, the total amount of losses will be much higher. After all, it includes losses from the destruction of infrastructure and can be counted only after the deoccupation of the entire territory of Ukraine.

The IMF believes that in addition to human casualties, economic losses for Ukraine are already significant. The country will face significant costs in rebuilding and rebuilding infrastructure destroyed during the war: seaports and airports have been closed and damaged, and many roads and bridges have been destroyed. Although it is very difficult to assess the need for funding at this stage. [7]

According to KSE data received from volunteers,[ citation needed ] as of March 10, 2022, at least 200 educational institutions, 30 health care facilities, 8 churches, 1,600 residential buildings, 19 office buildings, 23 factories and their warehouses, and 12 airports, 5 TPPs and HPPs were damaged or completely destroyed.

In addition, more than 15,000 km of roads, 5,000 km of railways and 350 bridges were destroyed or disabled. Ukraine has launched the “Russia Will Pay” project,[ dubious – discuss ] which collects data on facilities destroyed by the occupiers. The data is used in international courts against Russia for compensation.

The value of damaged or destroyed objects, according to preliminary estimates of the CSE,[ who? ] in the event of their complete destruction can be up to ₴1.5 trillion or US$54.3 billion. [8]

International action

On 19 May 2023, the G7 leaders made a statement on Ukraine which said that they would ensure that "Russia’s sovereign assets in our jurisdictions will remain immobilized until Russia pays for the damage it has caused to Ukraine".

On 20 June 2023, the United Kingdom implemented legislation which allows it to retain or impose sanctions for the purpose of promoting the payment of compensation by Russia to Ukraine.

See also

Related Research Articles

The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to Ukraine:

Ukraine does not recognize same-sex marriage or civil unions. The Constitution of Ukraine defines marriage as between "a woman and a man". The issue of legal recognition for same-sex couples has become particularly acute after the start of Ukraine's accession to the European Union in 2022 and the Russian large-scale invasion of Ukraine during the Russo-Ukrainian War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">DTEK</span> Ukrainian energy company

DTEK is the largest commercial energy operator in Ukraine. The company's enterprises generate electricity at solar, wind and thermal power plants; extract coal and natural gas, trade energy products in the Ukrainian and foreign markets, distribute and supply electricity to consumers, and develop a grid of supercharger stations for e-vehicles.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">14th Mechanized Brigade (Ukraine)</span> Military unit

The 14th Mechanized Brigade "Prince Roman the Great", is a unit of the Ukrainian Ground Forces formed in December 2014. It is based in Volodymyr as part of Operational Command West. The brigade has been actively participating in the ongoing conflict in eastern Ukraine, as a result of the Russian invasion in 2022.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">10th Mountain Assault Brigade (Ukraine)</span> Military unit

The 10th Mountain Assault Brigade "Edelweiss" is a specialized unit of the Ukrainian Ground Forces, specifically trained for mountain warfare operations. Based in Kolomyia and part of Operational Command West, the brigade has a history of defending their country in various conflicts, including the war in Donbas in 2016 and the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022. During these conflicts, the brigade, defended Marinka, Popasna, Mariupol and Bakhmut.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Gyunduz Mamedov</span> Azerbaijani-born Ukrainian lawyer and human rights activist

Gyunduz Aidynovych Mamedov is an Azerbaijani-born Ukrainian lawyer and human rights activist who has served as Prosecutor of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea since 22 August 2016, and also served as Deputy Prosecutor General of Ukraine from 18 October 2019 to 21 July 2021. In his position as Prosecutor of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, he is the counterpart to the office of Prosecutor General of the Republic of Crimea, the equivalent position in Russia's Republic of Crimea. Due to the Annexation of Crimea by the Russian Federation, Mamedov had no ability to exert power over Crimea. Mamedov has also investigated Russian forces in the Russo-Ukrainian War for war crimes.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Volodymyr Zelenskyy</span> President of Ukraine since 2019

Volodymyr Oleksandrovych Zelenskyy is a Ukrainian politician who has been serving as the sixth president of Ukraine since 2019. He was formerly a comedian and actor.

Events in the year 2021 in Ukraine.

Sense Bank is one of the largest Ukrainian banks. Prior to its nationalization in July 2023, it was owned by ABH Financial Limited and ABH Ukraine Limited. Previously called Alfa-Bank ; on December 1, 2022, the name of the bank was changed to Sense Bank. According to the National Bank of Ukraine, the bank was founded in 1993 and as of 2021, it is on the list of top 10 largest financial institutions in the country by asset size. The bank is a member of the Deposit Guarantee Fund and it is identified as a systemically important bank in Ukraine.

The Joint Centre for Control and Coordination on ceasefire and stabilization of the demarcation line, abbreviated JCCC, is an organization composed of Ukrainian and Russian military officers, whose role is to help implement the Minsk ceasefire agreements and ensure the safety of OSCE monitors in the Russo-Ukrainian War. It was established September 26, 2014. In April 2015, Ukrainian and Russian representatives began to keep separate logs of ceasefire violations. The Russian members left Ukraine in December 2017.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Maksym Buzhanskyi</span> Ukrainian blogger and politician (born 1974)

Maksym Arkadiyovych Buzhanskyi is a Ukrainian politician and blogger. He was elected to the Verkhovna Rada in the 2019 Ukrainian parliamentary election.

On the Historical Unity of Russians and Ukrainians is an essay by Russian president Vladimir Putin published on 12 July 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Patron (dog)</span> Ukrainian bomb-sniffing dog and mascot

Patron is a detection dog and mascot for the State Emergency Service of Ukraine. He is a Jack Russell Terrier.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Demolition of monuments to Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine</span>

The demolition of monuments to dedicated to Russian poet and playwright Alexander Pushkin in Ukraine started during the Russo-Ukrainian War. Since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022, it has become a widespread phenomenon and dubbed by Ukrainians Pushkinopad, a pun literally translated as "Pushkinfall", akin to the "Leninfall" during the decommunization process. This wave of dismantling is part of the process of derussification in Ukraine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">United24</span> Ukrainian government-run money-raising platform

United24 is a Ukrainian government-run platform launched on 5 May 2022 to raise money for Ukraine in the Russo-Ukrainian War.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Danylo Hetmantsev</span> Ukrainian politician

Danylo Oleksandrovych Hetmantsev is a Ukrainian pro-Russian politician, lawyer and scientist. He was an assistant to Volodymyr Sivkovych, a member of Parliament of Ukraine from the pro-Russian Party of Regions, who is suspected of treason for creating a network of Russian agents in Ukraine. Since 2019, he has been a Member of Parliament of Ukraine of the 9th convocation from the Servant of the People party. He is the Chairman of the Verkhovna Rada Committee on Finance, Taxation and Customs Policy. He is listed in the database of the Myrotvorets. He is a Doctor of Law, professor.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Attacks on civilians in the Russian invasion of Ukraine</span>

During the Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russian authorities and armed forces may have committed war crimes by carrying out deliberate attacks against civilian targets and indiscriminate attacks in densely-populated areas. The United Nations Human Rights Monitoring Mission in Ukraine says the Russian military exposed the civilian population to unnecessary and disproportionate harm by using cluster bombs and by firing other weapons with wide-area effects into civilian areas, such as missiles, heavy artillery shells and multiple launch rockets. As of the beginning of July 2023, the attacks had resulted in the documented deaths of between 9,300 and 16,500 civilians. On 22 April 2022, the UN reported that 92.3% of civilian deaths were attributable to the Russian armed forces.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bombing of Kryvyi Rih (2022–present)</span> Series of attacks in Kryvyi Rih in 2022 and 2023

Russian occupiers carried out a series of artillery fire and air raids in the city of Kryvyi Rih during the Russian invasion of Ukraine.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Walk of the Brave</span>

The Walk of the Brave was laid in Kyiv on the initiative of President of Ukraine Volodymyr Zelenskyy for the 31st anniversary of Ukraine's independence. The place was not chosen by chance, because it was on the Constitution Square opposite the Verkhovna Rada.

The Cross of Military Merit is a state award of Ukraine, a distinction of the President of Ukraine established to recognize servicemen of the Armed Forces of Ukraine and other military formations formed in accordance with the laws of Ukraine for outstanding personal bravery and courage or an outstanding heroic act during a combat mission in conditions of danger to life and direct contact with the enemy; outstanding success in commanding troops (forces) during military (combat) operations.

References

  1. ↑ "Криклій пояснив, як Україна змусить Росію виплатити репарації". prm.ua (in Ukrainian). 2019-11-04. Archived from the original on 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  2. 1 2 Solonyna, Yevhen (2019-11-21). "Операція "Репарація"". Радіо Свобода (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-02.
  3. ↑ "Україна має намір вимагати репарації від Росії". rbc.ua (in Ukrainian). 2021-06-09. Archived from the original on 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  4. ↑ Mazurenko, Alyona (2022-03-03). "Зеленський закликав росіян вчити слово "репарація"". pravda.com.ua (in Ukrainian). Archived from the original on 2022-03-03. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  5. ↑ "General Assembly adopts resolution on Russian reparations for Ukraine". UN News. 2022-11-14. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  6. ↑ "UN General Assembly supports Russian war reparations". Yahoo! News. 2022-11-14. Retrieved 2023-03-18.
  7. ↑ "МВФ: Важко оцінити, скільки коштів знадобиться Україні на відновлення". epravda.com.ua (in Ukrainian). 2022-03-03. Archived from the original on 2022-03-05. Retrieved 2022-03-03.
  8. ↑ "Шкода на 1,5 трильйона: в Україні запустили сайт для збору даних про збитки від росіян". epravda.com.ua (in Ukrainian). 2022-03-10. Archived from the original on 2022-03-10. Retrieved 2022-03-10.

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Destructions during the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine at Wikimedia Commons

This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.