List of massacres in Bangladesh

Last updated

The following is a list of massacres that have occurred in Bangladesh (numbers may be approximate):

Contents

NameDateLocationDeathsNotes
1971 Bangladesh genocide starting 25 March 1971 – 16 December 1971Various places in Bangladesh200,000–3,000,000
1971 Dhaka University massacre 25 March 1971 University of Dhaka 310+
1971 killing of Bengali intellectuals 25 March-14 December 19711,111 [1]
Shankharipara massacre 26 March 1971Shankaripara, Dhakaestimated 8,000
Ramna massacre 27 March 1971 Ramna Kali Temple, Ramna, Dhaka250
Sutrapur massacre 27 March 1971Sutrapur, Dhaka15
Santahar massacre 27 March - 17 April 1971 Santahar, Bogra District 1000+
Jinjira massacre 1 April 1971across the Buriganga River from Dhaka 1000+
Akhira massacre 17 April 1971Baraihat, Dinajpur93–125
Jathibhanga massacre 21 April 1971Jathibhanga, Thakurgaon3,000-3,500
Sree Angan massacre 23 April 1971Sree Angan, Faridpur8
Karai Kadipur massacre 26 April 1971Karai Kadipur, Joypurhat370
Kaliganj massacre 27 April 1971Kaliganj, Rangpur400
Ishangopalpur massacre 2 May 1971Ishangopalpur, Faridpur28
Muzaffarabad massacre 3 May 1971Patiya, Chittagongmore than 300
Naria massacre 5 May 1971Naria, Sylhet28
Gopalpur massacre 5 May 1971 Lalpur Upazila, Natore 195
Demra massacre 13 May 1971Demra, Pabna District more than 900
Satanikhil massacre 14 May 1971Kewar, Dhaka district14
Baria massacre 14 May 1971Baria, Dhaka district200
Ketnar Bil massacre 15 May 1971Ketnar Bil, Barisalmore than 500
Char Bhadrasan massacre ? 1971Char Bhadrasan, Faridpur50–60
Hasamdia massacre 16 May 1971Boalmari, Faridpur33
Sendia massacre 20 May 1971Sendia, Faridpur127
Chuknagar massacre 20 May 1971 Khulna 8,000-10,000
Galimpur massacre 20 May 1971Galimpur, Sylhet33
Dakra massacre 21 May 1971Dakra, Khulnamore than 2,000
Madhyapara massacre 22 May 1971Palong, Faridpur370
Bhimnali massacre 22 May 1971Bhimnali, Barisal15
Bakhrabad massacre 24 May 1971Bakhrabad, Comilla142
Burunga massacre 26 May 1971Burunga, Sylhet71–94
Bagbati massacre 27 May 1971Bagbati, Pabnamore than 200
Barguna massacre 29–30 May 1971Barguna sub-divisional jail, Patuakhalimore than 100
Daldalia massacre [2] [3] 2 June 1971 Daldalia, Rangpur 20Murder 20 of unarmed Bengali Hindus by the Pakistan Army and Bihari Muslims
Golaghat massacre 13 June 1971Golaghat, Nilphamari437
Adityapur massacre 14 June 1971Adiyapur, Sylhet63
Makalkandi massacre 18 August 1971Habiganj, Sylhetmore than 100
Pomara massacre 14 September 1971Pomara, Chittagong13
Krishnapur massacre 18 September 1971Krishnapur, Sylhet127
Suryamani massacre 7 October 1971Suryamani, Barisal24
Shankharikathi massacre 4 November 1971Shankharikathi, Khulna42
1974 Ramna massacre 17 March 1974Ramna, Dhaka40–50
Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 15 August 1975Dhaka36President Sheikh Mujibur Rahman was assassinated
Bhushanchhara massacre 31 May 1984Bhushanchhara, Barkal Upazila, Rangamati 400
1988 Chittagong massacre 24 January 1988Lal dighi, Chittagong 370
Logang massacre 10 April 1992Logang village, Khagrachari DistrictUnknown
1999 Jessore bombings 6 March 1999 Jessore 10
1999 Khulna mosque bombing 8 October 1999 Khulna 8
2001 Ramna Batamul bombings 14 April 2001 Ramna Park in Dhaka 9
2001 Gopalganj Roman Catholic church bombing 1 June 2001 Roman Catholic church in Gopalganj 10
Mymensingh cinema bombings 6 December 2002 Mymensingh 27
2003 Tangail shrine bombing 17 January 2003 Tangail 7Two bombs exploded in Fair, 20 wounded
Banshkhali carnage 18 November 2003Sheelpara, Sadhonpur village, Banshkhali Upazila, Chittagong District 11Some individuals set fire to the house of Tejendra Lal Sheel using gunpowder killing 11 members of family including six children
2004 Dhaka grenade attack 21 August 2004Bangabandhu Avenue, Dhaka 2413 grenades were thrown into a crowd at an anti-terrorism rally organized by the Awami League.
2005 November Bangladesh court bombing 29 November 2005 Gazipur and Chittagong 8Series of simultaneous suicide bombing of courts in Chittagong and Gazipur is carried out by Jamaat-ul-Mujahideen Bangladesh, killed 8 people and injured over 100
2005 Netrokona bombing 8 December 2005 Netrokona 8A suicide bombing in Netrokona results in the deaths of eight people
Bangladesh Rifles revolt 25 February — 2 March 2009 Pilkhana, Dhaka 74Soldiers of border security force Bangladesh Rifles (BDR) mutiny and take the commanding army officers and their families hostages at the force's headquarters in Pilkhana, Dhaka. 57 army officers are killed along with 17 civilians by the mutineers
2016 Dhaka attack 1 June 2016 Holey Artisan Bakery, Gulshan Thana, Dhaka 29Gunmen attacked a restaurant popular with foreigners in the wealthy Gulshan Thana area
2017 South Surma Upazila bombings 25 March 2017 South Surma Upazila, Sylhet 11 (including 4 suicide bombers)A suicide bombing killed four civilians, two police officers and wounded around 40 during a security forces raid on a suspected terrorist hideout in South Surma Upazila. ISIL claimed responsibility. Four militants were also killed

Perpetrators & impact

Percentage of Muslims is continuously rising, while all non-muslim minorities have been continuously decreasing rapidly in Bangladesh due to various reasons including persecution, genocide, ethnic cleansing and rapes. During the Bangladesh genocide in Bangladesh Liberation War, the Pakistani Military [4] and several militia organizations created by the Pakistani military violated Geneva Conventions of War by partipcating in numerous massacres of civilians, [5] [6] [7] [8] committed genocide of between 300,000 to 3 million civilians, [4] [9] operated concentration camps, [10] and used rape as weapon of war [11] [12] against Bengali Muslims, Hindus and Buddhists minorities. Active collaborators of Pakistan Military in perpetratuation of genocide and ethnic cleansing in Bangladesh include the Al Badr, [13] [14] Al Sham, [15] East Pakistan Central Peace Committee, [16] Razakars, [17] Muslim League, [18] Jamaat-e-Islami, [18] and the Urdu-speaking Biharis. [18]

The impact is drastic. Since 1951, Hindu population decreased by 15.1% in 71 years, and during the same period Muslim population increased by exactly by the same 15.1% (76% to 91.1%). Percentage of Hindus declined more than two third (over 67% drop) in 71 years, i.e. from 22% of total population of Bangladesh in 1951 to 13.5% in 1974 (8.5% decrease in 20 years), [19] and then drop again to 6.9% in 2022 (further 1.6% decrease). [20]

See also

Related Research Articles

Hindus have experienced both historical and ongoing religious persecution and systematic violence, in the form of forced conversions, documented massacres, genocides, demolition and desecration of temples, as well as the destruction of educational centres.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hinduism in Bangladesh</span> Overview of the presence, role and impact of Hinduism in Bangladesh

Hinduism is the second largest religious affiliation in People's Republic of Bangladesh, as according to the 2022 Census of Bangladesh, approximately 13.1 million people responded that they were Hindus, constituting 7.95% out of the total population of 165.15 million people. In terms of population, Bangladesh is the third-largest Hindu populated country of the world, just after the neighboring republics of India and Nepal in the subcontinent. Hinduism is the second-largest religion in 61 out of 64 districts of Bangladesh, but there is no Hindu majority district in Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ghulam Azam</span> Bangladeshi politician

Ghulam Azam was a Bangladeshi Islamist politician. He was the former leader of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, the largest Islamist political party in Bangladesh.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladesh genocide</span> 1971 genocide of Bengalis by Pakistan

The Bangladesh genocide was the ethnic cleansing of Bengalis, especially Bengali Hindus, residing in East Pakistan during the Bangladesh Liberation War, perpetrated by the Pakistan Armed Forces and the Razakars. It began on 25 March 1971, as Operation Searchlight was launched by West Pakistan to militarily subdue the Bengali population of East Pakistan; the Bengalis comprised the demographic majority and had been calling for independence from the Pakistani state. Seeking to curtail the Bengali self-determination movement, erstwhile Pakistani president Yahya Khan approved a large-scale military deployment, and in the nine-month-long conflict that ensued, Pakistani soldiers and local pro-Pakistan militias killed between 300,000 and 3,000,000 Bengalis and raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women in a systematic campaign of mass murder and genocidal sexual violence. In their investigation of the genocide, the Geneva-based International Commission of Jurists concluded that Pakistan's campaign involved the attempt to exterminate or forcibly remove a significant portion of the country's Hindu populace.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Motiur Rahman Nizami</span> Bangladeshi politician

Motiur Rahman Nizami was a politician, former Minister of Bangladesh, Islamic scholar, writer, and the former leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. He is noted for leading the terror squad Al-Badr during the Bangladesh Liberation War. On 29 October 2014, he was convicted of masterminding the Demra massacre by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. Nizami was the Member of Parliament for the Pabna-1 constituency from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. He also served as the Bangladeshi Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Industry.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh</span> Urdu-speaking group of predominantly ethnic Biharis awaiting repatriation to Pakistan

Stranded Pakistanis in Bangladesh are Bihari Muslim migrants with homelands in present-day India who settled in East Pakistan following the partition of India in 1947.

The Razakar was an East Pakistani paramilitary force organised by General Tikka Khan in then East Pakistan, now called Bangladesh, during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. The force committed war crimes during the war including massacring civilians, looting, and rape.

The Al-Badr was a paramilitary force composed mainly of Bihari Muslims which operated in East Pakistan against the Bengali nationalist movement during the Bangladesh Liberation War, under the patronage of the Pakistani government.

The Al-Shams was an anti-Bangladesh paramilitary wing of several Islamist parties in East Pakistan composed of local Bengalis and Muhajirs that along with the Pakistan Army and the Al-Badr, is accused of conducting a mass killing campaign against Bengali nationalists, civilians, religious and ethnic minorities during 1971. The group was banned by the independent government of Bangladesh, but most of its members had fled the country during and after the Bangladesh Liberation War, which led to Bangladesh's independence.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muhammad Kamaruzzaman</span> Bangladeshi politician and journalist

Muhammad Kamaruzzaman was a Bangladeshi politician and journalist who served as the senior assistant secretary general of Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami and was convicted of war crimes during the 1971 Liberation war of Bangladesh. He was executed by hanging at Dhaka Central Jail at 22:01 on 11 April 2015.

East Pakistan Central Peace Committee, also known as the Nagorik Shanti Committee, or more commonly Peace Committee or Shanti Committee, was one of several committees formed in East Pakistan in 1971 by the Pakistan Army to aid its efforts in crushing the struggle for Bangladesh's liberation. Nurul Amin, as a leader of Pakistan Democratic Party, led the formation of the Shanti Committee to thwart the Mukti Bahini who fought for the liberation of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Genocide Remembrance Day is held in the memory of victims of 1971 Bangladesh genocide and massacre by Pakistan Army and organisations created and abetted by Pakistan Army such as Razakars and so-called "East Pakistan Central Peace Committee".

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami</span> Bangladeshi Islamist political party (founded 1975)

Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami, previously known as Jamaat-e-Islami Bangladesh, or Jamaat for short, is the largest Islamist political party in Bangladesh. On 1 August 2013, the Bangladesh Supreme Court cancelled the registration of the Jamaat-e-Islami, ruling that the party is unfit to contest national elections.

Akhira massacre was a massacre of the emigrating Hindus of the then Dinajpur district near Baraihat on 17 April 1971 by the Pakistani army with collaboration from the local Razakars. It is estimated that around 100 Hindus were killed in the massacre.

During the 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War, members of the Pakistani military and Razakar paramilitary force raped between 200,000 and 400,000 Bengali women and girls in a systematic campaign of genocidal rape. Most of the rape victims of the Pakistani Army and its allies were Hindu women. Some of these women died in captivity or committed suicide, while others moved from Bangladesh to India. Imams and Muslim religious leaders declared the women "war booty". The activists and leaders of Islamic parties are also accused to be involved in the rapes and abduction of women.

Char Bhadrasan massacre refers to the massacre of around 60 unarmed Bengali Hindu residents in Char Bhadrasan in Faridpur district of East Pakistan by the Pakistani occupation army and the Razakars in the middle of May 1971. Ali Ahsan Mohammad Mojaheed, the leader of Jamaat-e-Islami led a team of Razakars and Pakistani army to the Hindu-dominated villages of Baidyadangi, Majhidangi and Baladangi where they massacred 50-60 unarmed Bengali Hindus. The attackers set fire to 300-350 Hindu households forcing them to flee the country.

Dakra massacre refers to the massacre of unarmed Hindu refugees at the village of Dakra, in the Bagerhat sub-division of Khulna District on 21 May 1971 by the Peace Committee members and the Razakars. The attackers were led by Rajab Ali Fakir, the chairman of the Bagerhat sub-divisional Peace Committee. It is alleged that 646 men, women and children were killed in the massacre.

Abul Kalam Azad was a former Bangladeshi politician of the Jamaat-e-Islami, televangelist and convicted war criminal of the Bangladesh liberation war.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Movement demanding trial of war criminals (Bangladesh)</span>

The movement demanding trial of war criminals is a protest movement in Bangladesh, from 1972 to present demanding trial of the perpetrators of 1971 Bangladesh genocide during the Bangladesh Liberation War from Pakistan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Muktijuddho e-Archive</span> Bangladeshi archive organization

Muktijuddho e-Archive, also known as Bangladesh Liberation War e-Archive, is a 'Library, Archive & Research' organization, founded in 2007, working with collection, preservation & distribution of historical documents & research on the Liberation War of Bangladesh and Genocide of Innocent Bengali People in 1971. It was previously known as 'Bangladesh Liberation War Library & Research Centre', later on March, 2016, it was registered under existing Trust Law of Bangladesh as 'Muktijuddho e-Archive Trust'. On 14 November 2016, it was officially inaugurated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bangladesh Genocide Remembrance Day</span> National day of remembrance in Bangladesh

Genocide Remembrance Day is a national day of remembrance in Bangladesh observed on 25 March in commemoration of the victims of the Bangladesh genocide during the Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971.

References

  1. ↑ Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). "Killing of Intellectuals". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh. Archived from the original on 26 May 2019. Retrieved 4 December 2015.
  2. ↑ "গাইবান্ধার দলদলিয়া গণহত্যার শোকাবহ দিন আজ". bizbdnews.com (in Bengali). 31 May 2012. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  3. ↑ Modak, Gautam Chandra (2 June 2012). "আজ দলদলিয়া গণহত্যার শোকাবহ দিন: স্বাধীনতার ৪১ বছরেও ২০ শহীদের খোঁজ নেয়নি জাতি". abnews24.com (in Bengali). Archived from the original on 2013-10-26. Retrieved 30 November 2023.
  4. 1 2 "Bangladesh war: The article that changed history". BBC News. 25 March 2010.
  5. ↑ "Forkan Razakar's verdict any day". Dhaka Tribune. 14 June 2015.
  6. ↑ "Why is the mass sexualized violence of Bangladesh's Liberation War being ignored?". Women In The World. 25 March 2016.
  7. ↑ "Discovery of numerous Mass Graves, Various types of torture on Women" and "People's Attitude" (PDF). kean.edu.
  8. ↑ "Crimes Against Humanity in Bangladesh". scholar.smu.edu.
  9. ↑ White, Matthew, Death Tolls for the Major Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century
  10. ↑ "First Razakar camp in Khulna turns into ghost house after Liberation War". www.observerbd.com. Retrieved 2023-04-26.
  11. ↑ Sharlach, Lisa (2000). "Rape as Genocide: Bangladesh, the Former Yugoslavia, and Rwanda". New Political Science. 22 (1): 92–93. doi:10.1080/713687893. S2CID   144966485.
  12. ↑ Sajjad, Tazreena (2012) [First published 2009]. "The Post-Genocidal Period and its Impact on Women". In Totten, Samuel (ed.). Plight and Fate of Women During and Following Genocide. Transaction Publishers. p. 225. ISBN   978-1-4128-4759-9.
  13. ↑ Mamoon, Muntassir. "Al-Badr". Banglapedia. Bangladesh Asiatic Society. Retrieved 4 September 2016.
  14. ↑ Sisson, Richard; Rose, Leo E. (1991). War and Secession: Pakistan, India, and the Creation of Bangladesh. University of California Press. p. 165. ISBN   978-0-520-07665-5.
  15. ↑ "Pakistan's first two militant Islamist groups, Al-Badar and Al-Shams – by Nadeem F. Paracha". LUBP. Archived from the original on 27 December 2015. Retrieved 29 December 2015.
  16. ↑ Karlekar, Hiranmay (2005). Bangladesh: The Next Afghanistan? . SAGE. p. 149. ISBN   978-0-7619-3401-1.
  17. ↑ "Govt publishes list of Razakars". The Daily Star. 16 December 2019.
  18. 1 2 3 Kann, Peter R. (27 July 1971). "East Pakistan Is Seen Gaining Independence, But It Will Take Years". The Wall Street Journal.
  19. ↑ "Bangladesh- Population census 1991: Religious Composition 1901–1991". Bangladeshgov.org. 2 August 2016. Archived from the original on 18 August 2016. Retrieved 2 August 2016.
  20. ↑ "Population and Housing Census 2022 Preliminary Report". Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. August 2022. Archived from the original on 8 October 2022. Retrieved 2022-10-08.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.