List of current non-sovereign African monarchs

Last updated

This is a list of reigning non-sovereign monarchs in Africa, including traditional rulers and governing constitutional monarchs, but not the kings of Lesotho, Morocco and Eswatini. Each monarch listed below reigns over a legally recognised dominion located internally within a sovereign state, but in most cases possess little or no sovereign governing power themselves. Their titles, however, are recognised by the state. Entries are listed beside their respective dominions, and are grouped by country.

Contents

Background

The roles, powers, and influence of non-sovereign monarchs throughout Africa vary greatly depending on the state. In some states, such as Angola, the local king may play an integral role in the local governing council of a region, such is the case with the king of Bailundo, [1] or on a smaller level, such as many of the Fons of Cameroon, they may be seen as leaders or heads of a particular town, settlement, or village. [2] They are often regarded as custodians of tradition and culture, and in some cases, play an important role in local religious activities (such as in Benin, where some of the kings double as heads of Vodun cults and are believed to have spiritual powers). [3] [4]

Their relationship with the national government of which their respective realm sits within can be complex. Particularly influential monarchs are often sought after by local politicians and elected leaders for support, [5] [6] while others have contentious relationships with their national governments. In some cases, the national government has stepped in to curtail the influence of non-sovereign monarchs (such as when Chadian government suspended the powers of the Ouaddai sultan in 2022, or when the emir of Kano was deposed by the regional government). [7] [8]

List

State PolityTitleMonarchSince House SuccessionRefs
Flag of Angola.svg  Angola Bailundo King/Soma ineneTchongolola Tchongonga Ekuikui VI2021 Hereditary and elective [9] [10]
CuitoKingBingo BingoHereditary [11]
Baixa de Cassanje Dianhenga Aspirante Mjinji KulaxingoHereditary [12]
Huambo (Wambu)KingArtur Moço [13] [14]
Kongo Manikongo Mfumu Mukongo Afonso MéndesHereditary[ citation needed ]
Lunda-Tchokwe MweneMuatchissengue Wa Tembo / José EstêvãoHereditary [15]
Luvale QueenNhakatole Chilombo Tchissengo2004NhakatoleHereditary [16]
Mbunda MweneMbandu III Mbandu Lifuti2008Hereditary[ citation needed ]
Ndongo NgolaBuba Nvula Dala Mana CabomboHereditary [17]
Ombada yo MungoKingZeferino Satona [18]
Ombala ya NaluequeKingMário Satipamba
NganguelaKingTchinhama Mwene Vunongue VIII Manuel Ndala2019Hereditary [19]
Viye oSomaAfonso VitiHereditary and elective [20]
ZomboKingMakitu III2023KizuluMatrilinear [21]
Flag of Benin.svg  Benin Abomey (Dahomey) [bj 1] Ahosu Dada Dèwènondè Gbéhanzin [bj 2] 22 January 2022Aladaxonou [bj 3] Hereditary and elective [22]
Abomey-Calavi KingKpôton Avoumbè Gbesso Allodji III [23]
Ahouannonzoun KingAbmomansoatin Kponan[ citation needed ]
Akassato KingZounfon [24]
Ardra Ahosu Kpodégbé Djigla 2 December 1992Agasuvi [bj 3] Hereditary [25]
Agonlin King/Dada Dada Agonlinhossou Yèto Kandji 24 February 1993Yèto [26]
Avrankou King/DadaLatchèholou Guidimadjegbé [bw 1] [27] [28]
Azovè KingAklamakou-Zokou [bw 2] [29] [30]
Banikoara KingNasounon [27]
CanaKing/DadaLanganfin Glélé Aïhotogbé [bw 3] [31]
Comè KingTogbé Akati II Djidjilévo [32]
Dahé King/DadaDada Awiyan Kokpon Houdegbe [33]
Dassa Oba Egbakotan II Dassa [bj 4] Hereditary [25]
Djougou KingKpétoni Koda VI [34]
Dogbo KingTowanou II [29]
Ganvié KingHouéton Ahoumbè [24]
Guin ethnic group in BeninGuin FioganNii Kouété Nicoué Kpatakpatakou II4 October 2020 [35]
Houégbo KingGbedonouzo Atchudji [24]
Houéyogbé KingAgassa Adanyroh Guèdèhounguè [36]
Karimama Ango Amadou14 April 2000DandaoudouHereditary[ citation needed ]
Kèrè ObaAriy [29]
Ketu Oba Alaro Alade-Ife17 December 2005Alaketu [bj 4] Hereditary [25]
KikaKingKika Toko Salifou Kouma [bw 4] [37]
Kinto and the Houézènou peopleKingAdjiwatonou Yèwa Hondogbè Kpèdo III [38]
KpanhouingnanKingAglimasse
Kpomassè KingOlota [39]
Kouandé Bangana Sourou III28 September 2004Bangana [bj 5] Hereditary and elective [25] [40]
Manigri KingDjaboutouboutou [27]
N'Dali KingDaari Sounon Swanrou [41]
Naogon KingDah Gandaho Kini Dégbé [42]
Natitingou KingYane Sotima [43]
Nikki SinabokoChabi Naina III2014Sinaboko [bj 5] Hereditary and elective [44]
Ouémé ValleyKingSignon Oba Adékiyiloumon[ citation needed ]
Ouidah King Mito-Daho KpassenonKpassè [bj 3] Hereditary [25]
Paouingnan KingGbèdégbé Adda Sèhoto IIII [45]
Parakou KingAkpaki Boukou Kinnin II [bj 6] 12 September 2012Kobourou [bj 7] Hereditary and elective [46] [47]
Péhunco Sinagonrigui Kpéï Sourou [bj 8] 13 August 2004SinagonriguiHereditary[ citation needed ]
Porto-Novo [bj 9] Ahosu
  • Toffa IX Gbêzé Ayontinmè [bj 10]
  • Kpodagba Lokpon VIII
Agasuvi [bj 3] Hereditary [25] [48]
Savé Oba Adetutu Akinmou Akikenju VI [bj 11] Onisabe [bj 4] Hereditary [25]
Savalou KingDada Ganfon Gbaguidi XV [49]
Tori-Bossito KingOdjaka Kinidégbé Gbozèkpa Gbèna [50]
Wèmè-TossoKingTossoholou Zoundjè Wandji Ganmasizo Toli Yélian [37]
Zinvié YeviéKingAdjihinto [27]
Flag of Botswana.svg  Botswana [bw 5] Bakgatla Kgosikgolo Kgafela II [bw 6] 20 September 2008MasiloHereditary [51] [52]
Bakwêna Kgosikgolo Kgari III [bw 7] 17 August 2002 [bw 8] Hereditary [51] [53]
Balete Kgosigadi Mosadi [bw 9] 7 January 2002 [bw 10] BadimoHereditary [51] [54]
Bamangwato Kgosikgolo Ian Khama [bw 11] 5 May 1979MasiloHereditary [51] [55]
Bangwaketse Kgosikgolo Malope II a Gaseitsiwe [bw 12] 5 August 2010 [bw 13] Hereditary [51] [56] [57]
Barolong Kgosikgolo Lotlamoreng II [bw 14] 23 February 2002 [bw 15] MorolongHereditary [58]
Batawana Kgosigadi Kealitile [bw 16] 28 January 2004MasiloHereditary [51] [59]
Batlôkwa Kgosikgolo Puso Gaborone 30 May 2006 [bw 17] GaboroneHereditary [51] [60]
Flag of Burkina Faso.svg  Burkina Faso BoussoumaNaabaSigri10 August 2019Hereditary [61]
DiébougouKingQuattara Sié Félix2007[ citation needed ]
Djibo EmirBoubacari Dicko [62]
Fada N'gourma (Gulmu)KingElective [63] [64]
Liptako [bf 2] EmirOusmane Amirou Dicko [65]
ObiréKingGan [66]
Rissiam NaabaKoanga [67]
Tangzougou (Gourcy)NaabaBaongo de Gourcy27 August 2011 [68] [69]
Tenkodogo (Zougrantenga)NaabaGuiguem-Pollé (Djiguampole)2016 [70]
Wogodogo (Ouagadougou) Mogho Naba Baongo II 1983Hereditary [71]
Yagha EmirBoureima Ly [72]
Yatenga NaabaKiiba [73]
Flag of Burundi.svg  Burundi Burundi Mwami vacantNtweroHereditary
Flag of Cameroon.svg  Cameroon AdiéChiefWilliam Ndong Tchombè [74]
Bafaw and KumbaNfon/Paramount chiefNfon Mukete Ekoko IV [75]
Bafut Fon Abumbi II [76]
Bali Nyonga Fon Dr. Doh Ganyonga III
Bamoun Nfon/King/SultanMouhamed Nabil Nfonrifoum Mbombo Njoya10 October 2021Hereditary [77] [78]
BamoungoumChiefMoumbe Fotso Mitterand [79]
Bana Fon Sikam Happi V [80] [76]
Bandjoun ChiefHonoré Djomo Kamga [78]
Bangangté King/ChiefNji Monluh Seidou Pokam [81] [82]
BangouaChiefJulio Djampou Tchatchouang [83]
Banyo Lamido Banyo Mohaman Gabdo Yaya [84]
Dibombari Traditional chiefToto Bekombo Théodore Chef [85]
EdindingChiefTsala Ndjomo Guy [86]
Fontem Fon Asabaton Fontem Njifua [87]
Garoua Lamido Ibrahim El Rachidine [88]
Kom Fon Clement Ndzi II [89]
Logone-Birni SultanMahamat Bahar Marouf [78]
Mandara SultanHamidu Umar18 March 1942Hereditary
Mankon Fon Asaah Fru Angwafor IV7 June 2022 [90]
Meiganga Lamido Moussa Sabo [78]
Maroua Lamido Bakary Yerima Bouba Alioum [76]
Mogode Lamido Alhadji Isse Tize [76]
Mokolo Lamido Yacouba Mohamadou Mourtalla [76]
Nso Fon Sehm Mbinglo II [87] [91]
Rey Bouba Lamido Abdoulaye [78]
Sawa and BellKingJean Yves Eboumbou [92]
Widikum Fon Fongum Gorji Dinka [93]
Second degree chiefdomsAbuh Fon Clement Fonkwah Mbeng [94]
Anyajua Fon Nsom Johnson Chongsi [94]
Babungo Fon Ndofoa Zofoa III [76]
Bafmeng Fon Francis Aneng [95]
Bafoussam Chef supérieur Njitack Ngompe Pelé [96]
Baleveng Chef supérieur Guemgni Gaston [97]
Bamendjinda Chef supérieur Tanefo Jean Marie [97]
BamendouKingGabriel Tsidie [98]
Bamendjou King/Fo'oJean Rameau Sokoudjou [99]
Berabe Fon Emmanuel Bami [100]
Batoufam ChiefNayang Toukam Innocent [101]
Bazou KingVincent Tchoua Kemajou de Bazou [102]
Belo Fon Peter Ndong Abang [94]
Binka Fon Nfor Samuel Hombome [103]
Buku Fon Lenge Joseph Eku [104]
Bum Fon Kwanga Peter Yai [94]
Djottin Fon Joseph Nfon Tayen Ngam Nfii II [105] [94]
Fundong Fon Diang Zacheus [94]
Kiluun Fon Njoyir II [106]
Kungi Fon Yaya Musa Gamje Budi2007 [107]
Mbem Fon Samuel Ngwim Ngabum [108]
Mbessa Fon Njong Gilbert II [91]
Mbiame Fon Nwe II [109]
Mbot Fon Shey Barnabas Mbunwe II [110]
Mfe Fon Chepnda Ronald2022 [111]
Ndu Fon Nfor Nformi [112]
Njinikom Fon Ngeh Francis [94]
Nkamchi Fon Richard Chefon [94] [113]
Nkambé Fon Nji Amidu [114]
Nkar Fon Molo II [cam 1] [115]
Ngarum Fon Nganji IV2018 [116]
Nseh Fon Senyuy Oliver N. Fonban II [94] [117]
Oku Fon Ngum IV [cam 2] [118]
Tabenken Fon Ngwayi Polycarp Ndiborti [119]
Talla Fon Isaac Nfor Bassa2010 [120]
Weh Fon Mbuh II
Flag of the Central African Republic.svg  Central African Republic Bangassou SultanMaxime Faustin Mbringa Takama2011Hereditary [121]
Birao / Vakaga SultanAhmad Moustapha Am-Gabo [122]
Dar al Kuti / N'Délé SultanIbrahim Kamoun Senoussi2014Hereditary [122] [123]
Rafai SultanJoseph Hetman el RoosalemHereditary
Flag of Chad.svg  Chad Baguirmi Mbang Mahamat Yusuf14 June 1970BaguirmiHereditary [124]
Ouaddai SultanCherif Abdelhadi MahdiAugust 2019 Maba Hereditary [125]
Flag of the Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo Loango vacant23 December 2020 Loango Hereditary and elective [126]
Flag of the Democratic Republic of the Congo.svg  Congo Democratic Republic Babungwe MwamiSindi Charles Sami IIIHereditary
Bafiluru MwamiNdare III Simba Kalingishi AdamsHereditary
Bahunde MwamiKalinda NicolasHereditary
Bakwa LuntuQueenDiambi Kabatusuila [127]
Barundi MwamiRichard Nijinbere Kinyoni III NdabagoyeHereditary
Basanga MulopweMathieu Pembamoto KyalaHereditary
Basile MwamiKalega Riziki Lwango II LucienHereditary
Bashu MwamiAbdul Paluku Kalemire IIIHereditary
Buhavu MwamiKamirogosa III Shosho Ntale FrancHereditary
Bukumu MwamiKahembe IV Isaac ButsitsiHereditary
Burhunyi MwamiMuganga Bulala II RichardHereditary
Buzi MwamiSangara Amri Hubert IIHereditary
Bwisha MwamiJean Baptiste Ndeze RekatubereHereditary
Garengaze MwamiM'siri Mwenda VIII Bantu Godefroid MunongoHereditary
Kabare MwamiNabushi Désiré Kabare Rugemaninzi IIHereditary
Kakwa David Tsukia LikamboHereditary
Kasongo Lunda Kiamvu Frederic InkaniHereditary
Kaziba MulopweMwami Dirk Majiri IV Nakaziba ChimanyeHereditary
Kuba Nyim Kot a Mbweeki IIIHereditary
Luba vacantHereditary
Luhwindja MulopweMwami Naluhwindja Tony Chibwire VHereditary
Lunda Mushid IIIHereditary
Mayogo Magbaie Justin SomanaHereditary
Nweshe MulopweMwami Ngweshe XV Pierre Ndatabaye Weza IIIHereditary
Ntambuka MulopweMwami Ntambuka Balekage Mihigo III RogerHereditary
Rubenga RubengaHereditary
Vira MulopweMwami Lwegeleza IIIHereditary
Wamuzimu MulopweMwami Longangi IV Nen'Ilungu KampangalasaHereditary
Flag of Equatorial Guinea.svg  Equatorial Guinea Bubi vacant [af 1] 15 November 2001BahítáariHereditary [128]
Flag of Ethiopia.svg  Ethiopia Aussa Royal ChiefAkula [129] 19 September 2020Hereditary [130]
Flag of Gabon.svg  Gabon Benga KingMarcel Nkombouet [131]
Orungu Mbongo NtchoungaHereditary
Flag of The Gambia.svg  Gambia Fuladugu Farli Baldeh1997Hereditary
The Gambia & Kombo North District Paramount chief Alhaji Momodou BojangHereditary [132]
Flag of Ghana.svg  Ghana Akuapem Okuapemhene/Paramount ChiefOkuapehene Oseadeeyo Kwasi Akuffo III3 May 2020Asona ClanHereditary
Akwamu Akwamuhene/Paramount ChiefOdeneho Kwafo Akoto III2011Aduana ClanHereditary
Akyem Abuakwa Osagyefuo Amoatia Ofori Panin 4 October 1999Hereditary
Aowin Omanhene Beyeman Brentum III Western Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Asante Otumfuo, the Asantehene Otumfuo Nana Osei Tutu II 26 April 1999Oyoko and President of the Ashanti Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Asante Akyem HwidiemSaamanhene (Divisional Chief/Prince)Nana Òkofrobòur Ababio IIAugust 7, 2015Hereditary
Asogli Agbogbomefia Togbe Afede XIV 4 October 2003Volta Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Dagbon Overlord Yaa Naa Bukali Mahama II January 18, 2019Andani and Northern Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Dormaa OmanheneOsagyefo Oseadeeyo Agyemang-Badu IIBrong Ahafo Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Gonja King Yagbongurwa Tuntumba Sulemana Jakpa Bore Essa I 2010Northern Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Gbi Fiaga/Paramount Chief Togbega gabusu VI 25 May 1989, d. 18 January 2020Torkoni Clan, Divisional Chief of Gbi-Hohoe, Volta Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Gbi Divisional Chief/Prince Togbe Osei III2002Gbi-Godenu Hereditary
Kwahu Okwahuhene/Kwahumanhene/

Paramount Chief

Daasebre Akuamoah Agyapong II2017Bretuo ClanHereditary
Mankessim Omanhene Osagyefo Amanfo Edu IV of Fante Central Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Sefwi Anhiawso Omanhene Ogyeahohoo Yaw Gyebi II Western North Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Sefwi Bekwai Omanhene Odeneho Gyapong Ababio II Western North Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Sefwi Wiawso Omanhene Katakyie Kwasi Bumankamah II Western North Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Sefwi Wiawso Tufohene/Divisional Chief/Prince Oheneba Nana Kwame Obeng II 3 June 2016Sefwi Obeng-MimHereditary
Sefwi Chirano Omanhene Okogyeaman Kwaku Gyamprah III Western North Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Suaman Omanhene Odeneho Bentum IV Western North Regional House of ChiefsHereditary
Flag of Guinea-Bissau.svg  Guinea-Bissau Guinea-Bissau Paramount chief Agosto FernandesHereditary [132]
Flag of Cote d'Ivoire.svg  Ivory Coast Kru chiefdomsKing David, His Majesty King Tchiffi Zae Jean-Gervais [133] [134]
N'Zima KotokoKingAmon Paul Désiré Tanow [135]
Sanwi King of Sanwi Amon N'Douffou V 5 August 2005Hereditary
Flag of Kenya.svg  Kenya Wanga Peter Mumia II1980Hereditary
Flag of Liberia.svg  Liberia Nimba Franklin D. TowehHereditary
Flag of Madagascar.svg  Madagascar Madagascar King Ndriana Rabarioelina Merina (Madagascar)Merina Hereditary Divine Election
Sakalava Bemazaba Nosy Faly KingTsiaraso IV Rachidy1993Hereditary [136]
Sakalava Bemihisatra of Analalava Mpanjaka Zalifa Bente Salim2017Hereditary
Sakalava Bemihisatra of Nosy Be vacantHereditary
Sakalava Menabe vacant2017Hereditary
Flag of Malawi.svg  Malawi Jere Inkosi ya Makosi M'mbelwa VJune 1996 Ngoni Hereditary and elective [137]
Lomwe [af 2] Paramount Chief Mkhumba25 October 2008MihavaniElective and hereditary [138]
Mang'anja Lundu Nkhuku2002Lundu [af 3] Hereditary and elective [139]
Maseko Inkosi ya Makosi Gomani V [af 4] 26 September 2009 Ngoni Hereditary and elective [140]
Ngonde Ntemi KyunguSeptember 2007KyunguElective and hereditary [141]
Tumbuka Themba la Mathemba ChikulamayembeSeptember 2007ChikulamayembeElective and hereditary [141]
Yao [af 2] Paramount Chief Chikowi15 February 2009YaoElective and hereditary[ citation needed ]
Flag of Mali.svg  Mali Liptako [bf 2] Emir Ousmane Amirou DickoHereditary

[65]

Mali Mansavacant Keita Hereditary
Flag of Mauritania.svg  Mauritania Tagant Emir Mohamed Ould AbderrahmaneFebruary 2003IdawiHereditary [142]
Trarza Emir Muhammad Fall wuld `Umayr Ḥassān Hereditary[ citation needed ]
Flag of Namibia.svg  Namibia Afrikaner Kaptein Eduard Afrikaner24 July 2016 Oorlam [na 1] Hereditary and elective [143]
Bakgalagadi Kgosi Hubert Ditshabue18 April 1992KgalagadiHereditary and elective [144]
Baster Kaptein John McNabJanuary 1999N/AElective [na 2] [145]
Berseba [na 3] Kaptein
  • Stephanus Goliath
  • Johannes Isaak
24 April 2010 [na 4]
  • Goliath
  • Isaak
Elective and hereditary [146]
Bethanie [na 5] Kaptein Dawid Frederiks1 June 1984FrederiksHereditary and elective [144]
Bondelswarts Kaptein Anna Christiaan [na 6] 20 May 1977!Gami-nun [na 1] Hereditary and elective [144] [147]
Damara Gaob Justus ǁGaroëb September 1993 [na 7] N/AElective [144]
Gciriku Hompa Kassian Shiyambi14 May 1999Gciriku [na 8] Hereditary and elective [144]
Hai-om ’Aiha David Khamuxab17 December 2000 [na 9] Hai-om [na 10] Elective and hereditary [148]
Hawoben vacant [na 11] 4 March 2009Hawoben [na 1] Elective and hereditary [144] [149]
Herero Ombara vacantOvahereroElective and hereditary [144] [150]
Hoachanas [na 12] Kaptein Petrus Simon Moses Kooper3 December 1988KooperHereditary and elective [144]
Ju’hoansi ’Aiha Tsamkxao Oma5 July 1990Ju’hoa [na 10] Elective and hereditary
!Kung ’Aiha John Arnold28 February 1990!Kung [na 10] Elective and hereditary
Mafwe Litunga Mamili VII [na 13] 18 April 1999Mamili [na 14] Hereditary and elective
Masubiya Munitenge Liswani III [na 15] 19 August 1996SubiyaHereditary and elective
Mayeyi Shikati Boniface Sifu 1 August 1993YeyiHereditary and elective
Mbukushu Fumu Erwin Mbambo Munika3 May 1991Mbukushu [na 8] Hereditary and elective
Mbunza Hompa Frans Haingura Muronga25 May 1996Mbunza [na 8] Hereditary and elective
Ombalantu Elenga Oswin Shifiona Mukulu13 May 1983Mbalantu [na 16] Hereditary and elective
Ombandja Elenga Mathias Walaula29 March 2004Mbandja [na 16] Hereditary and elective [151]
Ondonga Omukwaniilwa Fillemon Shuumbwa Nangolo 14 April 2019Ndonga [na 16] Hereditary and elective [144]
Ongandjera Omukwaniilwa Japhet Malenga Munkundi16 November 1971Ngandjera [na 16] Hereditary and elective
Shambyu Hompa Angelina Matumbo Ribebe19 May 1989Sambyu [na 8] Hereditary and elective
Topnaar Kaptein Seth Kooitjie28 June 1980Aonin [na 1] Elective and hereditary
Swartbooi Kaptein Daniël Luipert15 November 1986Khau-goa [na 1] Elective and hereditary
Uukolonkadhi Elenga David Shooya27 June 1985Kolonkhadi [na 16] Hereditary and elective
Uukwaluudhi Omukwaniilwa Shikongo Taapopi [na 17] 20 September 1960Kwaluudhi [na 16] Hereditary and elective
Uukwambi Elenga Herman Iipumbu10 April 1991Kwambi [na 16] Hereditary and elective
Uukwangali Hompa Eugene Siwombe Kudumo25 April 2015Kwangali [na 8] Hereditary and elective
Uukwanyama Ohamba Martha Nelumbu [na 18] 12 November 2005Kwanyama [na 16] Hereditary and elective [152]
Vaalgras Kaptein Joel Stephanus6 April 1975 Oorlam [na 1] Elective and hereditary [144]
Witbooi [na 19] Kaptein Christian Rooi [na 20] 13 October 2009WitbooiHereditary and elective [153] [154]
Namibia Herero chiefs Ovaherero [na 21] Ombara Tuhavi David Kambazembi17 July 1989KambazembiHereditary and elective [144]
Ombara Alfons Maharero1969 [na 22] MahareroHereditary and elective
Ombara Christiaan Eerike Zeraua4 October 1997ZerauaHereditary and elective
Ovahimba Ombara Paulus Tjavara3 August 1996OtjikaokoHereditary and elective
Ombara vacant [na 23] 31 October 2009VitaHereditary and elective
Ovambanderu Ombara Keharanjo II9 August 2008NguvauvaHereditary and elective [155]
Flag of Niger.svg  Niger Aïr Amenukal Oumarou Ibrahim Oumarou2012 Tuareg Hereditary and elective [af 5] [156]
Dosso Djermakoy Maidanda2000 Djerma Hereditary [157]
Liptako [bf 2] EmirOusmane Amirou Dicko [65]
LougouSarauniya Aljima [158]
Maradi Sarkin Alhaji Ahmed Ali Zaki5 December 2022Durbawa [af 6] Elective and hereditary [159]
Téra Askya Sa'id Amaru1952 Askiya [af 7] Hereditary [160]
Zinder (Damagaram) Sarkin Aboubakar Oumarou Sanda2011Damagaram [af 6] Elective and hereditary [161] [162]
Flag of Nigeria.svg  Nigeria Agbor Dein Benjamin Ikechukwu Kiagborekuzi I1979Hereditary and elective
Ake Oba Adedotun Aremu Gbadebo III 2005 Egba Alake clan dynasty of the Yoruba people Hereditary and elective [163]
Akure Oba Aladetoyinbo Ogunlade Aladelusi Odundun II8 July 2015Omoremilekun Asodeboyede dynasty of the Yoruba people Hereditary and elective [164]
Benin Oba Ewuare II 2016Hereditary and elective
Bida Etsu Yahaya Abubakar 2003Hereditary and elective
Borno Shehu Abubakar Ibn Umar Garbai El-Kanemi 2009Hereditary and elective
Edem Eze (Agaba-Idu) Nwabueze Annekwempaha Ezea II 16 July 2009Ezea Ugwoke
Ikateland Oba Saheed Ademola Elegushi, Kusenla II27 April 2010KusenlaHereditary and elective
Ile Ife Adeyeye Enitan Ogunwusi Ojaja II 26 October 2015Giesi of the Oranmiyan dynastyHereditary and elective
Ilesa Owa Gabriel Adekunle Aromolaran IIHereditary and elective
Itele Moyegeso Mufutau Adesanya Kasali Iboriaran I3 March 2003Ishagbola of the Moyegeso dynasty-cum-Fidipote, Idewon, Ijebu OdeHereditary and elective
Kano Emir Aminu Ado Bayero 9 March 2020Gidan DaboHereditary and elective
Lagos Oba Rilwan Babatunde Osuolale Aremu Akiolu I 9 August 2003Hereditary and elective
Nasarawa Emirate Emir Ibrahim Usman Jibril 2018Hereditary and elective
Nembe Amanyanabo Edmund Maduabebe Daukoru, Mingi XII2008Hereditary and elective
Nnewi Igwe Kenneth Onyeneke Orizu III 1963Hereditary and elective
Nri Ezre Nri Enweleana II Obidiegwo Onyeso 1988Hereditary and elective
Onitsha Obi Nnayelugo Alfred Nnaemeka Achebe 3 June 2002Onitsha subgroup of the Igbo people Elective [165]
Orlu Gedegwum Igwe Patrick II Acholonu 2009Hereditary
Oyo Alaafin Hereditary
Sokoto Sultan Sa'adu Abubakar 2006Hereditary and elective
Ugbo Kingdom Oba Fredrick Obateru Akinruntan 2009AdetolugboHereditary and elective
Warri Olu Ogiame Atuwatse III 2021Hereditary and elective
Flag of Rwanda.svg  Rwanda Rwanda King of Rwanda Emmanuel Bushayija Yuhi VI9 January 2017AbanyiginyaHereditary
Flag of Senegal.svg  Senegal Oussouye Daniel LauShaun Kipchoge Choubassi-Roberts18 January 2001 Jola Elective [166]
Flag of Sierra Leone.svg  Sierra Leone Luawa Mohamed Kailondo BanyaHereditary
Mambolo Sumanoh Kapen Hereditary
Majeerteen Sultanate Boqor Burhan Boqor Muse 24 May 2014 Majeerteen Hereditary [167]
Flag of Somaliland.svg  Somaliland Isaaq Sultanate Sultan Daud Sultan Mahamed 13 February 2021 Rer Guled Hereditary [168]
Habr Yunis Sultanate Sultan Osman Sultan Ali 1979 Rer Ainanshe Hereditary [169]
Habr Je'lo Sultan Abdillahi Sultan Ali Rer Yonis Hereditary [170]
Habr Awal Sultan Hasan Sultan Abdillahi 2009 Ahmed Abdallah Hereditary [171]
Arap Sultan Abdirahman Sultan Omar 15 September 2021 Arap Hereditary [172]
Dhulbahante Garad Jama Garad Ali 24 April 2006 Farah Garad Hereditary [173]
Flag of South Africa.svg  South Africa Bakwêna [za 1] Morena Moremoholo Mopeli [za 2] 2018MopeliHereditary and elective [175]
Bapedi Kgosi Thulare Victor Thulare [za 3] 29 July 2010MarotengHereditary and elective [176] [177]
Batlôkwa [za 4] Morena Montoeli Mota2015Mota [za 5] Hereditary and elective [178]
Mpondo [za 6] Kumkani Zanozuko Tyelovuyo Sigcawu29 July 2010 [za 7] Mqikela [za 8] Hereditary and elective [182] [183]
Kumkani Ndamase Ndamase8 February 2008 [za 9] Ndamase [za 8] Hereditary and elective
Ndebele [za 10] Ingwenyama Makhosoke II [za 11] Manala-Mbongo [za 12] Hereditary and elective[ citation needed ]
Ingwenyama Mbusi Mahlangu [za 13] 1 July 2005Ndzundza-Mabhoko [za 14] Hereditary and elective [182] [185] [186] [187]
Thembu [za 15] Kumkani Buyelekhaya Dalindyebo [za 16] May 1989 [za 17] Dalindyebo [za 18] Hereditary and elective [182] [189]
Kumkani Siyambonga Matanzima [za 19] 31 May 2010Matanzima [za 18] Hereditary and elective
Venda [za 20] Thovhele Toni Mphephu Ramabulana28 November 1998Ramabulana [za 21] Hereditary and elective [182] [192]
Xhosa [za 22] Kumkani Ahlangene Sigcawu16 October 2020 Gcaleka [za 23] Hereditary and elective [182] [195]
Kumkani Jonguxolo Sandile 12 July 2020 Rharhabe [za 23] Hereditary and elective [182] [196]
Zulu [za 24] Ingonyama yamaZulu Misuzulu Zulu 7 May 2021 Zulu [za 25] Hereditary and elective [182] [198]
South Africa Venda paramounts Mphaphuli Thovhele Musiiwa Gole Mphaphuli18 December 2001Mphaphuli [za 21] Hereditary and elective [182] [192]
Tshivhase Thovhele Kennedy Midiyavhathu Tshivhase1993 [za 26] Tshivhase [za 21] Hereditary and elective
South Africa Xhosa paramounts imiDushane Kumkani Ngubesizwe Ludwe SiwaneJune 2001 Mdushane [za 23] Hereditary and elective [182] [199]
Gasela Kumkani Mabikhwe Zwelandile14 February 1947 Gasela [za 23] Hereditary and elective [182]
Gqunukhwebe Inkosi Nkosana Zwelimjongile Kama14 September 2002 Kama [za 27] Hereditary and elective [182] [200]
Ntinde Kumkani Zwelitsha a Mgcawezulu16 September 1946 Ntinde [za 23] Hereditary and elective [182]
Qhayi Kumkani Mabundu Bangelizwe Jali Qhayi [za 23] Hereditary and elective [182]
South Africa other paramounts Bafokeng Kgosi Leruo Tshekedi Molotlegi April 2000 [za 28] MolotlegiHereditary and elective [201] [202]
Balobedu vacant [za 29] 12 June 2005 Modjadji [za 30] Hereditary and elective [za 31] [182] [203]
Bhaca King Madzikane IIKing Ncapai Hereditary and elective [182] [204]
Griqua Paramount Chief Alan Andrew le Fleur8 November 2005Le Fleur [za 32] Hereditary and elective[ citation needed ]
Paramount Chief Adam Kok V1991Kok [za 33] Hereditary and elective [205]
Hlubi Kumkani Langalibalele II [za 34] 1974HadebeHereditary and elective [182]
Mpondomise Luzuko Matiwane [za 35] 14 January 2020MajolaHereditary and elective [206] [207]
Abyei Emir Kuol Deng Kuol19 February 1976Ngok [af 8] Hereditary and elective [208]
Anuak King Adongo Agada Cham 2 May 2001NyiudolaHereditary [af 9] [209] [210]
Azende Kingdom King Atoroba Rikito Gbudue 9 February 2022Hereditary [211]
Shilluk Reth Kwongo wad Dak4 August 1993 [af 10] KwathkerHereditary and elective [af 11] [212] [213]
Flag of Tanzania.svg  Tanzania Mwene Mbonwean Sultanate of Ujiji Kolo Othman Hamza Malilo II 2017
Shambalai vacant [af 12] 2000 Kilindi Hereditary [214]
Sukuma Ntemi Fumakule-Bunamiko-Ndilanha [af 13] Since 1978, aged nine, to dateNdilanha/Malya/Kina mweri/Hereditary [215]
Flag of Togo.svg  Togo Aného Aputaga Nana Anè Ohiniko Quam Dessou XV24 March 2012AdjigoHereditary and elective [af 14] [216]
Togbé Ahuawoto Savado Lawson VIII1 August 2002LawsonHereditary and elective [af 14]
ChiefTogbui Mawuko Aklassou Adélan IV
Cokossi Soma Na Bema SomaHereditary [216]
Notsé King/ChiefTogbui Agboli K. F. Agokoli IV [217] [218] [219]
Glidji Gè Fiogan Sèdégbé Foli Bébé XV1997Tugban [af 15] Hereditary [216]
Kotokolia Uro Eso Yusuf AyevaUro EsoHereditary [216]
Tado King Tonawakpon2012 [220] [221]
Togoville King Mlapa V MoyennantMlapaHereditary [216]
Flag of Uganda.svg  Uganda Acholi Rwot Acana II15 January 2005 [ug 1] PayiraHereditary [222]
Alur [ug 2] Ubimu Olarker Rauni IIIAugust 2000 [ug 3] Atyak wi naamHereditary [222] [223]
Ankole Omugabe Ntare VI [ug 4] 20 November 1993BahindaHereditary [224]
Bagwere Ikumbania Kintu Samuku Balamu of Gwere people 10 October 1993 [ug 5] Lukedi Elective monarchy [ citation needed ]
Basimba Basimba people 10 October 1955 [ug 6] BasimbaHereditary [225]
Bamasaba Umukuka 10 October 2016 [ug 7] Masaba Elective monarchy [226]
Buganda Kabaka Muwenda Mutebi II 24 July 1993 [ug 8] AbalasangeyeHereditary [227] [228]
Bunyoro Omukama Solomon Iguru I 24 July 1993 [ug 9] BabitoHereditary [229] [230]
Busoga [ug 10] Wilberforce Nadiope IV [ug 11] 5 October 2009BasogaElective and hereditary [ug 12] [231] [232] [233] [234] [235] [236]
Iteso Emorimor Augustine Osuban4 May 2000 [ug 13] Elective [222]
Jonam [ug 14] Rwoth Marcellino Olar Ker (although now ousted in March 2013 for self imposition over the Ragem people)1 March 2008Hereditary [222]
Kebu Yuu [ug 15] Azzu Ephraim Kebbi14 June 2008Yuu [ug 16] origin is not very clear.Elective [222]
Kooki Kamuswaga Kabumbuli II15 May 2004Babito [ug 17] Hereditary [222]
Lango Won Nyaci Yosam Odur-Ebii10 December 2005 [ug 18] [ug 13] Elective [222] [237]
Padhola Adhola Moses Stephen Owor7 August 1999 [ug 19] [ug 13] Elective [222]
Rwenzururu Omusinga Irema-Ngoma I 19 October 2009 [ug 20] Abahira [ug 21] Hereditary[ citation needed ]
Toro Omukama Rukidi IV 26 August 1995 [ug 22] BabitoHereditary [229]
Uganda Busoga confederates Bugabula Gabula William Nadiope IV11 February 1995KitimboHereditary [222] [238] [239]
Bugweri Menya Frederick Kakaire II11 February 1995MenyhaHereditary
Bukooli Wakooli David Muluuya Kawunye11 February 1995WakoliHereditary
Bukono Nkono Mutyaba Nkono II11 February 1995NkonoHereditary
Bulamogi Zibondo Edward Columbus Wambuzi3 September 2008ZibondoHereditary
Bunya Luba Juma Munulo II11 February 1995Hereditary
Bunyole Nanyumba John Ntale Nahnumba11 February 1995Hereditary
Busiki Kisiki Yekosofato Kawanguzi11 February 1995IgagaHereditary
Butembe Ntembe Badru Waguma11 February 1995Hereditary
Kigulu Ngobi Izimba Golologolo11 February 1995NgobiHereditary
Luuka Tabingwa Willington Nabwana11 February 1995TabingwaHereditary
Flag of Zambia.svg  Zambia [af 16] Barotseland Litunga Lubosi IIOctober 2000Aluyana [af 17] Hereditary[ citation needed ]
Bemba Chitimukulu Ackson Mwamba11 August 2008Ng'anduHereditary and elective [af 18] [240] [241]
Chewa His MajestyKalonga Gawa Undi Mkhomo V [af 19] 2 December 2004Undi [af 20] Hereditary and elective [242]
Jere Inkosi ya Makosi Mpezeni IV [af 21] 1981 Ngoni Hereditary and elective [243]
Kazembe Mwata Kazembe XIX [af 22] 1998 Lunda Hereditary [240]
Nkoya Mwene Kabulwebulwe VI Mukutabafu IV [af 23] 1994 Kabulwebulwe [af 24] Hereditary[ citation needed ]
Mwene Kahare IX Kubama II1994 Kahare Hereditary [240]
Mwene Momba Momba Hereditary[ citation needed ]
Mwene Mutondo XII1993 Mutondo [af 25] Hereditary
Flag of Zimbabwe.svg  Zimbabwe Mashonaland East MusarurwaHereditary
Masvingo Fortune CharumbiraHereditary
Matabeleland North Lukas Mtshane KhumaloHereditary
Ndabazunduna NdiweniNdebeleHereditary

Country notes

Cameroon

Cameroon's traditional authorities are split into first, second, and third degree chiefdoms. First degree chiefdoms contain at least two second degree chiefdoms, while second degree chiefdoms contain at least two third degree chiefdoms. Third degree chiefdoms generally contain only a village, small rural area or a small part of an urban centre. Some leaders are from ancient, pre-colonial lineages, while others are appointed by political leaders. The extent of authority between traditional authorities varies. [244]

There are around 79 first degree chiefdoms, 875 second degree chiefdoms, and 12,582 third degree chiefdoms. [245] [246]

Ghana

The Constitution of the Republic of Ghana establishes the rule of traditional leaders, as well as a National House of Chiefs. All traditional leaders are registered with the National House of Chiefs as well as with the eleven Regional Houses of Chiefs, in accordance with the Chieftaincy (Membership of Regional Houses of Chiefs) Instrument, as published in the Gazette.

Nigeria

For a full list of the extant Nigerian traditional states and their rulers, see List of Nigerian traditional states.

Although Nigeria's traditional monarchs are legally recognized (by way of the numerous Chiefs' Laws), they do not currently have a constitutional role in the country.

South Africa

In 2004, the Mbeki administration established the Commission on Traditional Leadership Disputes and Claims (CTLDC) to determine the legitimacy of the nation's traditional kingships. The purpose of the commission was to reconstruct the institutions of indigenous leadership after their distortion under the colonial and apartheid regimes. [191]

In July 2010, acting on the findings of the commission, the Zuma administration announced that the government would cease recognising a total of six of the thirteen traditional kingships upon the deaths of their incumbent monarchs. [174] [247] Their successors would be recognised as "principal traditional leaders", a status yet to be defined. The commission was denounced by several senior traditional leaders, who have taken the government to court in an attempt to reverse the ruling. [180] [248] [249]

Notes

Africa

  1. The last recognised king was Malabo II, who died in 2001. The throne has remained vacant since then.
  2. 1 2 This paramount chieftaincy, reigning over all tribes of that particular nationality, was created by the government, a presidential prerogative guaranteed in the country's Constitution. Prior to its creation, the various tribal authorities remained independent of one another. Many chiefs have dismissed the notion that they are now subordinate to a centralised authority.
  3. A Chewa dynasty.
  4. The current chief, Willard Mswati Gomani, was appointed at his father's burial in 2009. He has not yet been formally enthroned. He is also a minor, and reigns under the regency of his aunt, Rosemary Malinki.
  5. Succession is hereditary within the royal family, but is subject to approval by five electing tribes: the Kel Owi, Kel Ferwan, Kel Fade, Imakkitan, and Ikaskazan.
  6. 1 2 A Hausa dynasty.
  7. A Songhai dynasty.
  8. A clan of the Dinka people. The Ngok are traditionally divided into nine chiefdoms.
  9. The reigning king, considered by the Anuak to be a demigod, selects his heir from amongst his eligible sons.
  10. Date of formal enthronement. He was elected to the throne in 1992.
  11. The reth is chosen from the sons of previous kings, each belonging to one of three royal lineages: Kwathker, Gwang, and Nyidhok. The elected individual is traditionally said to be a reincarnation of the first reth, Nyikango wad Okwa.
  12. The last simbamwene (or sultan), Mputa II, died in 2000, and the throne has remained vacant since then. Another member of the family, Daniel Magogo, acts as prince regent.
  13. The last Ntemi -Lyaki ndilanha (or Ntemi), Ntemi-Lyaki Ndilanha, died in 1978, and the throne was transferred to his son Fumakule-Bunamiko-Ndilanha who remains to date although in a passive way because Ntemi Fumakule-Bunamiko-Ndilanha was Christianised. He acts as Clan head.
  14. 1 2 At the end of March 1821, the chiefdom of Aného became divided under two distinct royal lineages: the Adjigo at Nlessi, and the Lawson dynasty at Lolan. In each lineage, the next king is selected by a council of wisemen from amongst the male members of the royal family. The kings of Aného are traditionally subordinate to ruler of Glidji (see separate entry).
  15. A clan of the Ga.
  16. Under the 1996 Constitution, the government of Zambia recognises 286 chiefs, 54 senior chiefs and five paramount chiefs. The paramount chiefs are those of the Lozi, Bemba, Chewa, Ngoni, and Lunda peoples, all of which are listed in the table above. The remainder listed here are considered senior chiefs.
  17. A Lozi dynasty.
  18. Succession to the throne of the chitimikulu is limited to male matrilineal members of the Bena Ng'andu. Tradition dictates that the throne passes to a son of the sisters of the previous chitimikulu. Selection is made by the royal Lamfya council.
  19. Born as Frederic Daka. His birth name, however, is no longer used.
  20. A sept of the Phiri clan.
  21. Born as David Njengembaso Jere.
  22. Born as Paul Mpemba Kanyembo Kapale Mpalume.
  23. The current mwene is a queen.
  24. A sept of the Wushanga clan.
  25. A sept of the Nawiko clan.

Benin

  1. Historically known as Dahomey, or Danhome.
  2. Real name Georges Collinet Béhanzin
  3. 1 2 3 4 A Fon dynasty.
  4. 1 2 3 A Yoruba dynasty.
  5. 1 2 A sept of the Borgou dynasty of the Bariba. The kings of Nikki are historically also of Boussa origin.
  6. The previous king of Parakou, the Akpaki Dagbara II, died in 2004, and the throne remained vacant for almost eight years. Two candidates, one designated by the Baparapé chief, the other by chief of Gbégourou, both customarily empowered to appoint the successor of a deceased king, had been battling for the throne. In October 2008, the traditional council was divided in its deciding election. The candidates, both of the Bourou dynasty, are N'Gobi Barthélémy and Yossounon Gobi.
  7. A sept of the Borgou dynasty. Succession is traditionally alternated between the Akpaki dynasty of the Bariba, and the Bourou dynasty of the Yoruba.
  8. Formerly known as Kora Zaki Lafia.
  9. There are two kings recognised in Porto-Novo. They rule simultaneously.
  10. Name is also written as Agnontinmè, Ayintinmè, or De-Gbezé Ayontinmé Toffa IX
  11. Also styled as Onisabe within the community.

Botswana

  1. Also known as Latchè Holou Guidimadégbé.
  2. Also known as Aklan Makouzokou.
  3. Also known as Aïhotogbé Langanfin Glèlè.
  4. Also known as Gangorosuambou.
  5. The rulers of the eight paramount chiefdoms of the Tswana in Botswana hold the eight permanent seats in the country's Ntlo ya Dikgosi. The remainder of seats are held by chiefs from minority Tswana tribes, such as the Birwa, Kalaka, Kgalagadi, Sarwa, and Tswapong. These representatives are either elected or appointed for five-year terms.
  6. Also known as Kgafela Kgafela.
  7. Also known as Kgari a Bonewamang Sechele.
  8. Sworn in the House of Chiefs in March 2002.
  9. Also known as Mosadi Muriel Seboko a Mokgôsi.
  10. Elected as paramount chief in December 2001. She officially took up duties on 7 January, and was sworn in the House of Chiefs on 28 February 2002. She was formally enthroned on 30 August 2003.
  11. Also known as Seretse Khama Ian Khama, or Ian a Sêrêtsê. He was also the fourth head of state of Botswana.
  12. Also known as Malope Gaseitsiwe.
  13. Has not yet been formally installed.
  14. Also known as Lotlamoreng Montshiwa, or Lotlaamoreng Montshioa.
  15. Elected as paramount chief in June 2001. Sworn in the House of Chiefs on 28 February 2002.
  16. Kealitile Moremi took over as paramount chief from her brother Tawana II, who resigned in August 2003 in order to follow a career in politics. At present, she is only considered regent, and has not been formally enthroned.
  17. Elected as paramount chief on 18 March 2006. Coronation took place on 18 August 2007.

Burkina Faso

  1. 1 2 The throne is disputed between two candidates.
  2. 1 2 3 Liptako contains portions of Burkina Faso, Mali, and Niger. It's unclear how the Emirs authority extends across these areas.

Cameroon

  1. Real name Peter Adi Fonte Patrick Wirba
  2. Real name Ngum Ernest Merlin Shang

Namibia

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 A tribe of the Nama.
  2. The captaincy of the Basters, recognised as a traditional authority by the government of Namibia, is purely elective within the community. The kaptein is elected for life.
  3. The land of the Hai-khaua, a tribe of the Nama descended from the Oorlam. The community is also known as the "Berseba Oorlam" or "Berseba Nama".
  4. In 2010, the formerly divided Hai-khauan chiefdom of Berseba was reconciled under the cooperative leadership of the royal Goliath and Isaak clans. The two rival lineages had resulted from a succession dispute for the chieftaincy in the 1960s. Prior to the recent union, Stephanus had been the chief of the Goliath faction since 1976. Johannes Isaak had been the chief of his faction prior to the union also, but the date of his installation is unclear.
  5. The land of the Aman, a tribe of the Nama descended from the Oorlam. The community is also known as "Bethany", or subsequently the "Bethanien Nama".
  6. The incumbent kaptein, Anna Christiaan, no longer actively manages the tribe's affairs due to her poor health. Officially serving as acting chief is Josef Christiaan, whose position, however, is disputed by several senior members of the royal family, including Anna's son Jan Christiaan.
  7. Prior to formal enthronement as "king" (a title not recognised by the Namibian government), Justus previously reigned as acting paramount chief from 1982. He took over the leadership of the Chiefs' Council on 27 July 1977, following the death of Chief David Goreseb.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 A Kavango dynasty.
  9. Recognised by the government of Namibia on 28 July 2004.
  10. 1 2 3 A San dynasty.
  11. The previous kaptein was Hans Titus, who reigned from 3 May 1980 until his death in 2009. His successor is yet to be chosen.
  12. The land of the Kai-khau, a tribe of the Nama. The community is also known as the "Red Nation".
  13. Also known as George Simasiku Mamili.
  14. A Fwe dynasty.
  15. Also known as Maiba Kisco Liswani.
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 An Ovambo dynasty.
  17. Full name is Josia Shikongo Taapopi Shitaatala.
  18. A queen. Also known as Martha Kristian Nelumbu, or Martha Mwadinomho ya Nelumbu.
  19. The land of the Khowese, a tribe of the Nama descended from the Oorlam. The community is also known as the "Khowese Nama", or as "Gibeon" after the township.
  20. Acting chief only. Rooi took over administration of the traditional authority following the death of Hendrik Witbooi, a Christian minister and Namibia's first deputy prime minister. Rooi has not been formally mandated as chief.
  21. Within the Herero community, the Namibian government officially recognises six traditional authorities, each headed by its own royal house. The six are listed here, grouped by tribe. Officially, these are subordinate to a paramount chief in Okahandja, who is listed in the previous section. In addition, there are over 40 other Herero chiefs who remain unrecognised by the government, and are not constitutional traditional authorities.
  22. In 1999, Alfons was also proclaimed chief of the Tjamuaha clan by court order, deposing Frederik II. The Tjamuaha are among those clans not recognised as constitutional traditional authorities.
  23. The previous ombara of the Vita lineage was Kapuka Thom, who died in 2009. His successor has yet to be chosen.

South Africa

  1. In April 2008, the CTLDC determined that the baKwêna (also spelled baKoena) ba Mopeli paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship, and hence in July 2010, the government announced that it would cease recognising it as such upon the death of the incumbent monarch. [174]
  2. The present kgosi is a minor. His mother, Mathokwana Mopeli serves as regent on his behalf.
  3. Was declared the legitimate monarch by President Zuma in July 2010, following the rulings of the CTLDC, Zuma replaced acting chief Kenneth Kgagudi Sekhukhune, who had been reigning in dispute since 1976.
  4. In April 2008, the CTLDC determined that the baTlôkwa (also spelled baTlokoa) ba Mota paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship, and hence in July 2010, the government announced that it would cease recognising it as such upon the death of the incumbent monarch. [174]
  5. Also known as the ba ga Mokotleng, one of four main branches of the baTlôkwa. The others are: ba ga Bogatsu under Kgosi Mokalake Motsatsi, ba ga Sedumedi under Kgosi Sedumedi Kenneth Sedumedi (who died 25 September 2007), and the ba ga Gaborone in Botswana. The ba Mota are the only recognised paramountcy of the baTlôkwa in South Africa, although this will soon change (see note above).
  6. Since the death of Faku in 1867, the amaMpondo (also amaPondo, or amaPonda) have effectively been divided under two royal lineages: the Mqikela line (aseQaukeni), and the Ndamase line (aseNyandeni). In April 2008, however, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the Mqikela lineage were the kings of all amaMpondo, and that the Nyandeni paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship. [179] In July 2010, it was announced that the aseNyandeni's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined. [180]
  7. Following the rulings of the CTLDC in July 2010, the Zuma administration officially removed the then-king Mpondombini Thandizulu Sigcawu, and replaced him with Zanozuko Sigcawu, identified as the rightful king by the commission. Mpondombini, who had been ruling since 1 December 1978, was among several traditional leaders to denounce the Commission's findings, and has since taken the government to court in an attempt to reverse the ruling and regain his throne. The hearings began in August 2010. Zanozuko, the king recognised by the government, has yet to be crowned. [181]
  8. 1 2 A sept of the Nyawuza clan of the amaMpondo. The amaMpondo are descended from Mpondo, the twin brother of Mpondomise.
  9. Coronation took place 12 April 2008. Ndamase was nominated successor to his grandfather, the previous king, upon the elder's death on 21 February 1997. As he was still a minor, however, his mother Queen Bongolethu Dlamini, a descendant of the Swazi royal family, served as the kingdom's regent until his formal assumption of the throne in 2008.
  10. Since the death of Musi in 1630, the amaNdebele kingdom has effectively been divided under two royal lineages: the kaManala, and the kaNdzundza. In April 2008, however, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the elder Manala lineage were the kings of all amaNdebele, and that the Ndzundza paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship. [184] In July 2010, it was announced that the Ndzundza's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined. [174]
  11. Full name is Makhosoke Enoch Mabhena; also occasionally spelled "Makhosoke".
  12. A sept of the Manala clan of the amaNdebele. The current royal family has the surname Mabhena, also occasionally misspelled "Mabena".
  13. In the Ndebele tradition, following the death of a king the family nominates a successor and gives him a regnal name, which he will use from the day he is crowned. Mbusi has been elected, but has not yet been formally enthroned. His regnal name will be "Mabhoko III". However, as of 2 February 2007, Mbusi has been suspended as king by the royal council. A regent, Sililo Mahlangu, was appointed on 4 February 2007 to act on the king's behalf while the council deliberates on his alleged misconduct.
  14. A sept of the Ndzundza clan of the amaNdebele. The current royal family has the surname Mahlangu.
  15. Since 1865, the abaThembu have effectively been divided under two royal lineages: the bakaDalindyebo (baseBumbane), and the bakaMatanzima (baseRhoda). In April 2008, however, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the Dalindyebo lineage were the kings of all abaThembu, and that the Rhoda paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship. [188] In July 2010, it was announced that the baseRhoda's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined. According to some reports, the late king Lwandile Zwelenkosi, who died in May 2010, was officially considered the last king. [180]
  16. Full name is Buyelekhaya Zwelinbanzi Dalindyebo a Sabata.
  17. During a leave of study between 2000 and August 2002, the king's wife Noluntu and brother Jongisizwe Dalindyebo acted as regents on his behalf. In May 2005, Buyelekhaya was indicted on charges of fraud, culpable homicide, assault, kidnapping, and arson. He is appealing against a 15-year jail term. Queen Noluntu and senior chief Jonginyaniso Mtirara are serving as regents while the monarch is in and out of prison.
  18. 1 2 A sept of the amaDlomo clan of the abaThembu. It is also known as the amaHala, or Madiba clan; each name styled after one of the earliest kings, descendants of the kingdom's founder, Nxeko.
  19. Full name is Siyambonga Dalimvula Matanzima.
  20. Since the disappearance of Thohoyandou in 1770, the vhaVenda have effectively been divided under several royal lineages. Among these, the haRamabulana, the haTshivhase, and the haMphaphuli were eventually recognised as separate traditional authorities by the government. The kingship, however, disputed between an even larger number of clans, was considered to be effectively defunct until July 2010, when the CTLDC determined to restore the vhaVenda kingship under the haRamabulana. [174] [190] The commission determined that the kings of the Ramabulana were the kings of all vhaVenda, thereby rejecting the appeals of two other claimants: the Ravhura clan under Azwianewi David Mutshinyalo Ravhura, and the vhaNgona tribe under Tshidziwelele Azwidowi Nephawe, both of which were officially under the jurisdiction of the haTshivhase. The commission also rejected the respective appeals of the haTshivhase and haMphaphuli to establish new kingships separate to that of the vhaVenda. [191]
  21. 1 2 3 A clan of the Masingo (also known as the maKhwinde, or maKwinda) tribe of the vhaVenda. Although the title thovele (or thovela) is most common, kings are also formally styled khosikhulu vho, or simply khosi.
  22. Since the death of Phalo in 1775, the amaXhosa have effectively been divided under two kingdoms (see note below). However, in April 2008, the CTLDC determined that the kings of the Gcaleka lineage were the kings of all amaXhosa, and that the Rharhabe paramountcy was not a legitimate kingship. [193] In July 2010, it was announced that the Rharhabe's present status as a kingship would cease to be recognised as such by the government upon the death of the incumbent king, whose successor will instead be considered a "principal traditional leader", a status yet to be defined. [180]
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 A Xhosa dynasty. All current Xhosa monarchs are genealogical members of the amaTshawe clan, the royal line of the amaXhosa which is styled after Tshawe, descended from Xhosa, a son of Mnguni. The royal line is divided into two primary lineages descended from the sons of Phalo: the amaGcaleka, descended from Gcaleka, and the amaRharhabe, descended from Rharhabe. The amaGcaleka are the senior line, and its king is to some extent deferred to by all the others. The amaRharhabe represents the junior line, from which also descend the Kings of the imiDushane, amaGasela, amaNdlambe, and imiQhayi, listed separately. The ruling line of the amaRharhabe is that of the amaNgqika, descended from Mlawu. [194]
  24. The Zulu kingdom is traditionally a paramount authority, with a number of subordinate chiefdoms. Most prominent among these chiefdoms is that of the Buthelezi, whose current chief (or inkosi) is Mangosuthu Gatsha. [197]
  25. A clan of the Zulu.
  26. Midiyavhathu was installed as heir to the throne of the Tshivhase lineage in 1970. He was, however, considered too young to rule, and his uncle John Shavhani Tshivhase was appointed as regent until it was deemed appropriate for the new king to assume effective office, which he did in 1993. His name is also often spelled "Midiavhathu".
  27. The amaGqunukhwebe are a Xhosa tribe of Khoisan origin.
  28. Coronation took place 16 August 2003.
  29. The previous queen, Modjadji VI, died in 2005. Her daughter and heiress, Princess Masalanabo, is still a child, and will be eligible to be enthroned as Modjadji VII when she comes of age and once she has produced an heiress of her own by her royal suitor. Her succession rights, however, have not been universally accepted by the royal council since her father is a commoner. Her uncle Prince Mpapatla serves as regent. He has had a daughter by his cousin of the royal bloodline. Consequently, a faction of the royal council would prefer to enthrone Mpapatla's daughter when she comes of age. He, however, maintains that the true heir is Masalanabo, who has been accepted as heiress for now, though this may change before she comes of age.
  30. The "Rain Queens" of the baLobedu ba ga Modjadji are descended from the Monomatapa dynasty in modern Zimbabwe.
  31. Succession is matrilineal. The queen is constitutionally unwed, although she may produce children.
  32. The Le Fleur lineage is based in Kranshoek, Western Cape.
  33. The Kok lineage is based in Campbell, Northern Cape.
  34. Otherwise known as Muziwenkosi Johannes Hadebe ka Tatazela. The royal clan name, Hadebe, is also often spelled "Radebe".
  35. Supremacy among the Mpondomise is disputed between two primary factions: the Jola and the Dosini, both branches of the Majola dynasty. Contenders from the Dosini clan are Zanexhoba Tonjeni and Masibulele Maseti. The most recent claimant from the Jola clan was Loyiso Matiwane, who died 12 June 2007. He was a direct descendant of Mhlontlo, the last reigning king, who was stripped of his kingship by the colonial government around 1904 (died in 1912). Since then, the throne of the Mpondomise has been disputed, and has failed to regain recognition from the government as a traditional kingship.

Uganda

  1. Date of coronation. The Ker Kwaro Acholi chieftaincy was recognised by the government on 17 January 2005. He has been the chief of the Payira clan since 1999.
  2. The tribal confederation of the Alur historically comprises 64 chiefdoms and Clanship (56 in Uganda i.e. from Junam, Padyere and Okoro; and 8 in Democratic Republic of Congo)under the Ubimu (King). Its population is about 10,000,000 people across two countries. Alur Kingdom was recognised by the Constitution of the Republic of Uganda in 2008. It is the Kingdom that was never abolished by Ugandan government during the 1966 when King Jalusiga Rauni II was sitting at the throne. All the different Chiefdoms, Chieflets and clanships pay allegiance to Ubimu as the main holder of the Royal Spear Head(Leb tong). The different sub tribes that were assimilated under the Alur tribe are the Lendu, Kebu, Jonam and Madi during the pre colonial Uganda (Aidan 1953). The tradition of holding the royal spearhead has been since there since time immemorial. All sons of the Ubimu have since been allowed to start their own chiefdoms in order not to cause power wrangles from the main Kingdom palace at Kaal Atyak winam Zombo district. Alur Kingdom first started as a Nuer Kingdom under King Ngur I in around 870 A.D at Aswan, Southern Egypt and later transformed to Lwo Atyak Kingdom under King Ulwo Atyak in Wau, Barelghazal southern Sudan. Reaching northern Uganda and especially around Karuma river, the Lwo Atyak under King Kyabambe Ulum had a major separation and disintegration. Then Queen Nyilak took over and later abdicated the throne to her son Nyipir. It was king Nyipir who started the Alur Kingdom in around the 15th century in Pakwach near River Nile. His Kingdom holds all the Lwo Royal Spear Head as per the Tradition. Today the Ubimu is the most powerful ruler in northern Uganda West of the Nile river. Administratively, Ubimu is assisted by Jadipu (Prime Minister - Rt. Hon. Wathum Edwin Djalkwiyu) who has the same hereditary significance as a ruler.
  3. Formally enthroned on 19 May 2006 and crowned as on 31 October 2010.
  4. Ankole, historically referred to as Nkore, was nominally revived as a traditional kingdom with the coronation of Rutashijuka Ntare IV in November 1993. It has remained unrecognised by the Ugandan government, however, and the coronation was declared illegitimate and void by the country's president. The current king has reigned in pretendence since the death of his predecessor in April 1979.
  5. Kintu Mubala Samuku succeeded as head of the Bagwere upon the death of Papa Komolo. He was formally installed as Ikumbania (head of the eighty Gwere clans) on 14 November 2009. He was officially proclaimed as Ikumbania upon the restoration of the kingdom, 1995. His coronation took place 14 November 2009
  6. Katunku VII succeeded as head of the Basimba Leopard Clan royal household upon the death of his father on 10 October 1955. He was formally installed as Chishimba (head of the four Basimba clans) on 24 September 1989. He was officially proclaimed as Chishimba upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 10 October 1955. He has also assumed the additional name of "Musimba".
  7. . He was formally installed as Umukuka (head of the twenty five Gisu clans) on 24 September 2016. He was officially proclaimed as Umukuka upon the restoration of the kingdom, 1995. His coronation took place 24 September 2016
  8. Muwenda Mutebi succeeded as head of the royal household upon the death of his father on 21 November 1969. He was formally invested as Ssabataka (head of the royal clans and chief landowner) on 4 April 1971. He was officially proclaimed as kabaka upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 31 July 1993. He has also assumed the additional name of "Kimera".
  9. Muwenda Mutebi succeeded as head of the royal household upon the death of his father in 1971. He was officially proclaimed as omukama upon the restoration of the kingdom, 24 July 1993. His coronation took place 11 June 1994.
  10. Busoga is a traditional confederation of eleven clan domains. There are five royal clans (Bugabula, Bukono, Bulamogi, Kigulu, and Luuka) and six traditional chiefdoms (Bugweri, Bukooli, Bunya, Bunyole, Busiki, and Butembe). The royal clans form the five royal families of the Basoga. Each of the hereditary chiefs and princes of the confederation are listed in a separate section in the table.
  11. The previous kyabazinga , Henry Wako Muloki of Bulamogi, died on 1 September 2008. His son, Edward Columbus Wambuzi, was announced as his successor following contentious elections on 31 October 2008. However, five of the eleven royal chiefs denounced the new king, instead endorsing William Nadiope IV, of Bugabula. The Ugandan government advised the parties to hold another election, and an interim order was served to Wambuzi in May 2009 restraining him from holding office. On 7 June 2009, however, Wambuzi was installed on the throne amidst protests from other chiefs. He also secured a court order blocking the planned re-elections. These took place in secret on 5 October 2009, when Nadiope IV was elected unopposed. The High Court is to start hearing the cases in November 2010, but the clan heads have vowed to install Nadiope IV on the throne before September, despite the standing judicial injunctions blocking the enthronement of either contender.
  12. The kyabazinga is elected for life by the Royal Council, composed of the eleven hereditary chiefs of the kingdom. Selection is limited to members of the five royal clans of the Basoga.
  13. 1 2 3 The throne is traditionally supposed to rotate among the numerous clans.
  14. They belong to the Lwo rulership but not of the Atyak genealogy. The Jonam means people of the lake or stays near the river thus river Nile by location. Today after the declarance of Alur as a kingdom, they began to pay allegiance to Ubimu of Alur as per the constitution of Uganda; although maintain their own administrative sovereignty. Not all the chiefdoms and clanships in Junam belong to the same origin. Some like Ragem, Paroketo and Panyimur came from Bunyoro and the ones that want separation yet few in number while some like Amor, Pangyeth, Boro, Panyigoro, Alwi, among the 14 chiefdoms came from Nyipir lineage of the Lwo Atyak rulership, now with Ubimu Rauni III of Alur. That is why today, Junam is entirely claimed by Ragem - which is the only strongest chiefdom in Junam county of Nebbi District as designated by Mr. White Weatherhead during the British colonisation of Uganda and West Nile in particular.
  15. historically, the kebu had no chieftainship but stayed with the Alur Kings/ Chiefs as pages who produced farming implements (Aidan, 1953). Today they are trying to fight for constitution recognition and proper formation of a Chiefship. Asked about their first chief no one can tell, a testimony that their desire for chiefship is a modern construct.
  16. A clan of the Kebu people. The current chief belongs to the Waringu family and still is being contested.
  17. The kamuswaga belongs to the Ndawula Lwabulanga lineage of the Babito clan.
  18. Elected to the throne by clan leaders on 17 August 2001.
  19. Elected to the throne by clan leaders on 19 September 1998.
  20. The current king, Charles Mumbere, was first proclaimed as "Kibanzanga II" on 19 October 1966. He reigned as a minor, in pretendence, under a regency council until 1972, when he took the regnal name "Irema-Ngoma I". His kingdom was officially abolished by the Ugandan government on 8 September 1967, but effectively continued in armed opposition until 15 August 1982, when the king's forces surrendered and Mumbere was officially appointed as "chief elder" of the district. Rwenzururu was officially restored by the government as a traditional kingdom on 17 March 2008, and recognition was confirmed by the President at the king's coronation anniversary on 19 October 2009.
  21. A clan of the Bakonzo.
  22. Iguru Rukidi succeeded as omukama upon the death of his father in August 1995. He was crowned on 12 September 1996. Until 17 April 2010, he had officially reigned as a minor under a regency council.

See also

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