2013 Aceh earthquake

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2013 Aceh earthquake
Indonesia Sumatra relief location map.jpg
Bullseye1.png
UTC  time2013-07-02 07:37:02
ISC  event 603173687
USGS-ANSS ComCat
Local date2 July 2013 (2013-07-02)
Local time2:37pm (UTC+7)
Duration15 seconds
Magnitude6.1 Mw
Depth10 km (6 mi)
Epicenter 4°41′53″N96°41′13″E / 4.698°N 96.687°E / 4.698; 96.687
Type Strike-slip [1]
Areas affected Indonesia
Total damage4,292 houses damaged [2]
Max. intensity VI (Strong) [3]
LandslidesYes
Aftershocks4.3, 5.5, 5.2 Mw
Casualties43 dead, 6 missing, [4] 2,532 injured [5]

On 2 July 2013, an earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Sumatra on 2 July with a moment magnitude of 6.1 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). The strike-slip earthquake killed at least 43 people [4] and injured more than 2,500 others [5] in the province of Aceh (on the northern end of Sumatra) where approximately 4,300 homes were damaged or destroyed.

Contents

Background

Earthquakes are common in Sumatra as it lies at the convergent boundary where the Sunda Plate is subducting beneath the Indo-Australian Plate. The plates are converging obliquely at a rate of 60 mm per year and the right lateral component is accommodated by strike-slip faulting within Sumatra, mainly on the Great Sumatran fault. [1] In 2004, Sumatra was devastated by the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake and resulting tsunami that killed tens of thousands in the area and 230,000 people around the Indian Ocean. [6] [7] In 2009, an earthquake near Padang on Sumatra killed more than 1,000. In April 2012, an 8.6-magnitude quake killed five people in Aceh. [7]

Earthquake characteristics

At 2:37pm local time (07:37 UTC) on 2 July 2013, a 6.1 magnitude earthquake struck at a depth of 10 kilometres (6.2 mi) with an epicenter near Sumatra's northwestern tip, 55 kilometres (34 mi) south of Bireun. [1] The quake lasted approximately 15 seconds and was felt from regional capital Banda Aceh to Bener Meriah. [6] The quake was powerful enough to cause concern in Banda Aceh, 320 miles (510 km) from the epicenter, and shaking was felt as far as Malaysia. [7] At least fifteen aftershocks occurred, with three powerful ones registering magnitudes of 4.3, 5.5 and 5.2. [8] [9]

The earthquake had a strike-slip mechanism involving either left lateral slip on a SW-NE trending fault or right lateral slip on a NW-SE trending fault. Analysis of the aftershock distribution and GPS data highlighted two fault segments, the right lateral Pantan Terong segment and the previously unrecognised left lateral Celala segment, both forming part of the overall Great Sumatran fault system. The best-fit model indicates that the Celala segment was responsible for the earthquake, [10] although aftershocks and some of the post-seismic slip occurred on the Pantan Terong segment. [11]

Damage

A damaged house Geumpa Gayo.JPG
A damaged house

As of 19 July, the official death toll stood at 43, with six people still missing. [4] A further 2,532 people were injured. [5] The Bener Meriah and Central Aceh districts were hardest hit by the quake. [12]

In Bener Meriah, eight deaths were reported. [4] More than 100 people were hospitalized due to their injuries and 537 houses were badly damaged in the district. [13] [7] A further 252 houses suffered minor damage. [13] Several hundred residents slept outdoors the night of 2 July, afraid to return to their homes for fear of aftershocks. [6] "There were strong aftershocks last night and people didn’t want to go back home, so they stayed in the open overnight," commented an official, "but we don’t have enough tents". [7]

In Central Aceh, 35 deaths were reported. [4] A mosque collapse killed six children and trapped 14 others. [6] Rescuers dug through the rubble throughout the night of 2–3 July, but did not locate any of the trapped children. Numerous landslides occurred in the district and 1,368 houses were destroyed. [13] [7] A further 2,135 houses suffered minor damaged. [13] On 3 July, a local official commented "People are still frightened, especially after the aftershocks last night. Nobody dared to stay at home. Everyone slept on the roads or in car parks." [7] The main hospital was overcrowded with patients, causing tents to be set up outside to handle the overflow. [7]

Response

A government plane and helicopter were sent in to assist local police and soldiers in rescue efforts. [14] Several roads were destroyed in the quake or blocked by landslides, hampering rescue efforts. [6] Power and cell phone tower outages made communications difficult. [7] Three truckloads of bottled water, food, and other supplies were dispatched to the region. [8] The Aceh Disaster Mitigation Office said more help would be provided when they had better data on what was needed. [7]

On 3 July 40 billion rupiah (approximately US$4 million) was allocated for emergency relief efforts. A one-week emergency response period, which can be extended if necessary, was enacted in Bener Meriah. [8] Five shelters were set up in Bener Meriah and 10 in Central Aceh. [8]

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great Sumatran fault</span> Geological feature

The Indonesian island of Sumatra is located in a highly seismic area of the world. In addition to the subduction zone off the west coast of the island, Sumatra also has a large strike-slip fault, the Great Sumatran Fault also known as Semangko Fault, running the entire length of the island. This fault zone accommodates most of the strike-slip motion associated with the oblique convergence between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. The fault ends in the north just below the city of Banda Aceh, which was devastated in the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. After the December 2004 earthquake, pressure on the Great Sumatran Fault has increased tremendously, especially in the north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2006 Yogyakarta earthquake</span> 2006 earthquake centered near Yogyakarta, Java, Indonesia

The 2006 Yogyakarta earthquake occurred at 05:53 local time on 27 May with a moment magnitude of 6.4 and a maximum MSK intensity of VIII (Damaging). Several factors led to a disproportionate amount of damage and number of casualties for the size of the shock, with more than 5,700 dead, tens of thousands injured, and financial losses of Rp 29.1 trillion. With limited effects to public infrastructure and lifelines, housing and private businesses bore the majority of damage, and the United States' National Geophysical Data Center classified the total damage from the event as extreme.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Central Aceh Regency</span> Regency in Sumatra, Indonesia

Central Aceh Regency is a regency in Aceh Special Region of Indonesia. It is located on Sumatra island. Formerly this regency covered a much larger area; in 1969, the Southeast Aceh Regency was separated from the Central Aceh Regency, and in 2003 the Bener Meriah Regency was separated from the remaining Central Aceh Regency. The remaining regency covers an area of 4,468.42 square kilometres and had a population of 175,527 according to the 2010 census, which rose to 215,576 at the 2020 Census; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 222,673 - comprising 112,900 males and 109,773 females. Most of its inhabitants are Gayo. Central Aceh is famous for its Lake Laut Tawar. Its capital is Takengon, in Lut Tawar District.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2000 Enggano earthquake</span> Earthquake affecting Indonesia

The 2000 Enggano earthquake struck at 23:28 local time on June 4 with a moment magnitude of 7.9 and a maximum Mercalli intensity of VI (Strong). The event occurred off the coast of southern Sumatra, Indonesia near Enggano Island. There were more than 100 fatalities and up to 2,585 injuries. Over 730 aftershocks shook the area afterwards, one just eleven minutes after the mainshock.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2009 Sumatra earthquakes</span> Earthquake in Indonesia

The first of the 2009 Sumatra earthquakes occurred on 30 September off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia with a moment magnitude of 7.6 at 17:16:10 local time. The epicenter was 45 kilometres (28 mi) west-northwest of Padang, West Sumatra, and 220 kilometres (140 mi) southwest of Pekanbaru, Riau. Government and authorities confirmed 1,115 dead, 1,214 severely injured and 1,688 slightly injured. The most deaths occurred in the areas of Padang Pariaman (675), Padang (313), Agam (80) and Pariaman (37). In addition, around 135,000 houses were severely damaged, 65,000 houses were moderately damaged and 79,000 houses were slightly damaged. An estimated 250,000 families have been affected by the earthquake through the total or partial loss of their homes and livelihoods.

The 2011 Tarlay earthquake occurred on 24 March in Shan State, Myanmar. The earthquake measured Mw 6.8 and had an epicenter northwest of the border between Myanmar, Thailand and Laos. It occurred in a region accommodating tectonic deformation brought by the collision between the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates. Strike-slip faulting along the Nan Ma Fault was identified as the cause. There were between 75 and 151 fatalities; including one death in Thailand. An additional 212 people were injured. Hundreds of buildings and some transport infrastructure were damaged in Myanmar and Thailand. In the aftermath of the disaster, the Burmese government provided aid and relief supplies to the affected region. Neighbouring countries China, India and Thailand provided monetary assistance. Several international humanitarian organizations also supported in the relief and recovery.

The 2012 Indian Ocean earthquakes were magnitude 8.6 and 8.2 Mw  undersea earthquakes that struck near the Indonesian province of Aceh on 11 April at 15:38 local time. Initially, authorities feared that the initial earthquake would cause a tsunami and warnings were issued across the Indian Ocean; however, these warnings were subsequently cancelled. These were unusually strong intraplate earthquakes and the largest strike-slip earthquake ever recorded.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1994 Liwa earthquake</span> Earthquake in Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Sumatra earthquake</span> Earthquake off the coast of Sumatra, Indonesia

The 2016 Sumatra earthquake was a 7.8 magnitude earthquake which struck on 2 March 2016 in the Indian Ocean, approximately 800 kilometers southwest of Sumatra in Indonesia. Tsunami warnings were issued for Indonesia and Australia, but were withdrawn two hours later. There were no deaths directly related to the earthquake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2016 Aceh earthquake</span> Earthquake event

The 2016 Aceh earthquake struck the Indonesian island of Sumatra with a Mw of 6.5 in Aceh province on 7 December 2016, at 05:03 WIB. The shock was reported to be at a depth of 13 km, categorized as a strong, shallow earthquake. The epicentre was located near the village of Reuleut in Pidie Jaya Regency, 164 km (102 mi) southeast of the province's capital, Banda Aceh. 104 people died in the quake, with at least 1,000 people injured. It was the deadliest earthquake in Aceh since the 2005 Nias–Simeulue earthquake and the deadliest in Sumatra since the 2010 Mentawai earthquake and tsunami.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Simeulue earthquake</span> Earthquake in Indonesia

On February 20, 2008, an earthquake with a moment magnitude of 7.4 struck off the coast of Sumatra at a hypocentre depth of 26 km. The earthquake had an epicenter located on the island of Simeulue, northwest from Sinabang, a small town on the island. Three people were killed and an additional 25 seriously injured as a result of the earthquake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1995 Kerinci earthquake</span> Earthquake in Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1926 Padang Panjang earthquakes</span> Earthquakes in West Sumatra, Indonesia

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Sumatra earthquake</span> Earthquake in Indonesia

On 25 February 2022 at 08:39 WIB, a moment magnitude (Mw ) 6.2 earthquake struck West Sumatra, Indonesia at a depth of 4.0 km (2.5 mi). Preceded by one foreshock and followed by over 200 aftershocks, the mainshock had an epicenter at the foot of Mount Talakmau in Pasaman Regency. The mainshock was the result of strike-slip faulting along a previously unidentified segment of the Great Sumatran Fault. At least 27 people died, 457 were injured, and 19,221 others were displaced. It inflicted 780 million Indonesian rupiahs (Rp) worth of damage. The heaviest damage was recorded at three villages around Mount Talakmau. Landslides and flash floods caused additional damage and casualties.

The 1933 Sumatra earthquake or Liwa earthquake occurred in West Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia on June 25. The earthquake had an estimated surface-wave magnitude (Ms ) of 7.7 occurring at a shallow depth of 20 km. It had an epicenter onshore, devastating the city of Liwa. At least 76 people were reported killed, although the death toll may have been in the thousands. Aftershocks followed, including one which was strong enough to cause additional fatalities. The mainshock also triggered a nearby volcanic eruption two weeks later, killing some people.

References

  1. 1 2 3 "M6.1 – 55km S of Bireun, Indonesia". USGS. 3 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  2. ↑ "Death toll in Indonesia quake rises to 35; rescuers search for missing", CNN, 6 July 2013
  3. ↑ RILIS PERS DAMPAK DAN PENANGANAN BENCANA GEMPA BUMI 6,2 SR DI BENER MERIAH DAN ACEH TENGAH, Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, July 3, 2013
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 BNBP (September 2013). "Gema BNBP" (PDF) (in Indonesian). pp. 40–41.
  5. 1 2 3 OCHA (19 July 2013). "Indonesia: Aceh Tengah Earthquake Situation Report – 19 July 2013" (PDF). Retrieved 2 July 2022.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 "Rescue after deadly earthquake in Indonesia's Aceh". BBC. 3 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Nurdin Hasan; Fikri Ramadhavi; Muhammad Hamzah (3 July 2013). "42 Reported Dead in Aceh as Rescue Crews Search Earthquake Wreckage". Jakarta Globe. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  8. 1 2 3 4 "Indonesia imposes week emergency response period in Aceh earthquake". Xinhua News Agency. 3 July 2013. Archived from the original on 11 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  9. ↑ "USGS – two further earthquakes". USGS. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  10. ↑ Gunawan, Endra; Widiyantoro, Sri; Rosalia, Shindy; Daryono, Mudrik Rahmawan; Meilano, Irwan; Supendi, Pepen; Ito, Takeo; Tabei, Takao; Kimata, Fumiaki; Ohta, Yusaku; Ismail, Nazli (5 June 2018). "Coseismic Slip Distribution of the 2 July 2013 Mw 6.1 Aceh, Indonesia, Earthquake and Its Tectonic Implications". Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America. 108 (4): 1918–1928. Bibcode:2018BuSSA.108.1918G. doi:10.1785/0120180035. ISSN   0037-1106. S2CID   135420370.
  11. ↑ Gunawan, Endra; Widiyantoro, Sri; Meilano, Irwan; Pratama, Cecep (2019). "Postseismic deformation following the 2 July 2013 M 6.1 Aceh, Indonesia, earthquake estimated using GPS data". Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. 177: 146–151. Bibcode:2019JAESc.177..146G. doi:10.1016/j.jseaes.2019.03.020. ISSN   1367-9120. S2CID   134984084.
  12. ↑ Jethro Mullen; Kathy Quiano (3 July 2013). "Quake in Indonesia kills 22, injures more than 200". CNN. Retrieved 3 July 2013.
  13. 1 2 3 4 "Aceh earthquake death toll reaches 35". Jakarta Post. 5 July 2013. Retrieved 5 July 2013.
  14. ↑ "22 Indonesians killed, over 200 injured in Aceh quake". Xinhua News Agency. 3 July 2013. Archived from the original on 4 July 2013. Retrieved 3 July 2013.

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