Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies

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Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies (Ma_MISS)
Operator European Space Agency
Manufacturer INAF
Instrument type spectrometer
Mission duration≥ 7 months [1]
Website ExoMars Rover Instrument Suite
Properties
Spectral bandVisible and NIR
Host spacecraft
Spacecraft Rosalind Franklin rover
Operator European Space Agency
Launch dateNET 2028

Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies (Ma_MISS) is a miniaturized imaging spectrometer designed to provide imaging and spectra by reflectance in the near-infrared (NIR) wavelength region and determine the mineral composition and stratigraphy. The instrument is part of the science payload on board the European Rosalind Franklin rover, [2] tasked to search for biosignatures, and scheduled to launch not earlier than 2028. Ma_MISS is essentially inside a drill on the Rover, and will take measurements of the sub-surface directly.

Contents

Ma_MISS will help on the search for biosignatures by studying minerals and ices in situ before the collection of samples. The instrument is integrated within the Italian core drill system called DEEDRI, and it will be dedicated to in situ studies of the mineralogy inside the excavated holes in terms of visible and infrared spectral reflectance. [3]

The Principal Investigator is Maria Cristina De Sanctis, from the INAF (Istituto Nazionale di Astrofisica) in Italy. [4]

Overview

MA-MISSParameter/units [5] [6]
Operational
wavelengths		*Visible
*NIR: 0.4-2.2 µm
Focal distance between
window and sample		< 1 mm
Spatial resolution0.1 mm
Bore hole≈2.5 cm diameter

The instrument is based on the design conceived by planetary scientist Angioletta Coradini in 2001. [4] [7] Ma_MISS is integrated in the Rosalind Franklin rover 2-metre DEEDRI core drill and shares its structure and electronics. It will perform visible and near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR) in the 0.4 to 2.2 μm range of the excavated borehole wall. [4] [5]

A 5 watt lamp and an optical fiber array will provide the illumination of the target (about 100 μm spot) as well as collect the scattered light from the target. An optical fiber carries the light to the spectrometer. [5]

It will be operated periodically during the pauses of the drilling activity and will also be able to provide images of the hole wall by a sapphire window connected to an array of optical fibres. [5] [6] MA-MISS will provide important information about mineralogy, petrology, and geological processes of sedimentary materials of the Martian subsurface. [6] It will also give insights about materials that have not been altered by surface processes such as erosion, weathering or oxidation. [5]

The instrument is noted for its location inside the drill where it will have close contact with the Martian sub-surface. [8] There is a window on the side of the drill, and as the drill turns it can take measurements around the circumference of the bore hole. [8]

Objectives

The ExoMars programme is an astrobiology project focused on the search for biosignatures in the subsurface of Mars, and to better understand the geological evolution and habitability of Mars. The study of the Martian subsurface will provide important constraints on the nature, timing and duration of alteration and sedimentation processes on Mars, as well as on the complex interactions between the surface and the atmosphere. The stated objectives of the Ma_MISS experiment are: [3]

Related Research Articles

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mawrth Vallis</span> Valley on Mars

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Trace Gas Orbiter</span> Mars orbiter, part of ExoMars programme

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The Mars Astrobiology Explorer-Cacher (MAX-C), also known as Mars 2018 mission, was a NASA concept for a Mars rover mission, proposed to be launched in 2018 together with the European ExoMars rover. The MAX-C rover concept was cancelled in April 2011 due to budget cuts.

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The Mars Organic Molecule Analyser (MOMA) is a mass spectrometer-based instrument on board the Rosalind Franklin rover to be launched in 2028 to Mars on an astrobiology mission. It will search for organic compounds in the collected soil samples. By characterizing the molecular structures of detected organics, MOMA can provide insights into potential molecular biosignatures. MOMA will be able to detect organic molecules at concentrations as low as 10 parts-per-billion by weight (ppbw). MOMA examines solid crushed samples exclusively; it does not perform atmospheric analyses.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">MicrOmega-IR</span>

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Infrared Spectrometer for ExoMars (ISEM) is an infrared spectrometer for remote sensing that is part of the science payload on board the European Space Agency'sRosalind Franklin rover, tasked to search for biosignatures and biomarkers on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028 and land on Mars in 2029.

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CLUPI is a miniaturized camera system on board the planned European Space Agency Rosalind Franklin rover. CLUPI was designed to acquire high-resolution close-up images in colour of soils, outcrops, rocks, drill fines and drill core samples, as well as and the search for potential biosignature structures and patterns. This camera assembly is part of the science payload on board the European Space Agency'sRosalind Franklin rover, tasked to search for biosignatures and biomarkers on Mars. The rover is planned to be launched not earlier than 2028 and land on Mars in 2029.

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Signs Of LIfe Detector (SOLID) is an analytical instrument under development to detect extraterrestrial life in the form of organic biosignatures obtained from a core drill during planetary exploration.

References

  1. ↑ Vago, Jorge L.; et al. (July 2017). "Habitability on Early Mars and the Search for Biosignatures with the ExoMars Rover". Astrobiology. 17 (6–7): 471–510. Bibcode:2017AsBio..17..471V. doi:10.1089/ast.2016.1533. PMC   5685153 . PMID   31067287.
  2. ↑ Howell, Elizabeth (July 24, 2018). "ExoMars: Searching for Life on Mars". Space.com . Retrieved March 13, 2020.
  3. 1 2 Ma_MISS on ExoMars: Mineralogical Characterization of the Martian Subsurface. Maria Cristina De Sanctis, Francesca Altieri, Eleonora Ammannito, David Biondi, Simone De Angelis, Marco Meini, Giuseppe Mondello, Samuele Novi, Riccardo Paolinetti, Massimo Soldani, Raffaele Mugnuolo, Simone Pirrotta, Jorge L. Vago. Astrobiology, Vol. 17, No. 6-7. 1 July 2017. doi : 10.1089/ast.2016.1541.
  4. 1 2 3 The ExoMars Rover Instrument Suite: Ma_MISS - Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies. European Space Agency. Accessed: 20 July 2018.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 VNIR spectral measurements on rock slabs with ExoMars Ma_Miss instrument. S. De Angelis, M.C. De Sanctis, E. Ammannito, C. Carli, T. Di Iorio, A. Frigeri, P. Manzari. EPSC Abstracts. Vol. 9, EPSC2014-243, 2014. European Planetary Science Congress 2014.
  6. 1 2 3 MA_MISS: Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies. De Sanctis, M. C.; Coradini, A.; Ammannito, E.; Boccaccini, A.; Di Iorio, T.; Battistelli, E.; Capanni, A. EGU General Assembly 2012, held 22-27 April, 2012 in Vienna, Austria. pg. 6592.
  7. ↑ MA MISS: Mars Multispectral Imager for Subsurface Studies. (PDF) A. Coradini, G. Piccioni, etal. Adv. Space Res. Vol. 28, No. 8, pp. 1203-1208, 2001.
  8. 1 2 "The ExoMars Rover Instrument Suite". exploration.esa.int. Retrieved 2018-07-21.

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