South Shore, Chicago

Last updated
South Shore
Community Area 43 – South Shore
Rainbow Beach.jpg
Rainbow Beach along the shore of Lake Michigan.
US-IL-Chicago-CA43.svg
Location within the city of Chicago
Coordinates: 41°45.6′N87°34.8′W / 41.7600°N 87.5800°W / 41.7600; -87.5800
CountryUnited States
StateIllinois
County Cook
CityChicago
Neighborhoods
list
Area
  Total2.99 sq mi (7.74 km2)
Population
 (2020) [1]
  Total53,971
  Density18,000/sq mi (7,000/km2)
Demographics 2020 [1]
   White 3.0%
  Black92.7%
  Hispanic2.6%
  Asian0.3%
  Other1.4%
Time zone UTC−6 (CST)
  Summer (DST) UTC−5 (CDT)
ZIP Codes
60649 and parts of 60619, 60637
Median household income $26,425 [1]
Source: U.S. Census, Record Information Services

South Shore is one of 77 defined community areas of Chicago, Illinois, United States. Located on the city's South Side, the area is named for its location along the city's southern lakefront. Although South Shore has seen a greater than 40% decrease in residents since Chicago's population peaked in the 1950s, the area remains one of the most densely populated neighborhoods on the South Side. [2] The community benefits from its location along the waterfront, its accessibility to Lake Shore Drive, and its proximity to major institutions and attractions such as the University of Chicago, the Museum of Science and Industry, and Jackson Park.

Contents

History

Like all of what is now the City of Chicago, the South Shore community area was originally inhabited by a number of Algonquian peoples, including the Mascouten and Miami. [3] After the expulsion of Native Americans by white settlers in the nineteenth century, it became characterized by small settlements including Essex, Bryn Mawr, Parkside, Cheltenham Beach, and Windsor Park. [4] The area is bounded by 67th and 79th streets to the north and south and by Stony Island Avenue and Lake Michigan to the west and east. In 1861, the Illinois General Assembly incorporated Hyde Park Township, which included South Shore. [5] The area's population grew as workers in the nearby steel industry settled in the area. [4] Following the June 29, 1889 elections, the South Shore community area was annexed into the City of Chicago with the entirety of Hyde Park Township. [6] The location of the World's Columbian Exposition in nearby Jackson Park prompted the sale of land and building lots. As in other parts of Chicago, the desire for affordable housing at the start of the twentieth century led to the large scale construction of bungalows. Unlike other areas in which bungalows were built en masse, South Shore's bungalow residents were largely affluent. Additionally, South Shore was the destination for white flight from Washington Park as immigrants and African Americans moved there. [4]

After racially restrictive covenants were declared unconstitutional by Shelley v. Kraemer , African American families began to move into historically white neighborhoods such as South Shore. [4] The South Shore Commission initiated a program they called "managed integration", designed to check the physical decline of the community and to achieve racial balance. The initiative was largely unsuccessful on both counts. Per the 1950 census, South Shore had 79,000 residents and was 96% white. A 1951 University of Chicago study estimated that over 20% of the neighborhood’s residents were Jewish. In 1960, the population had dropped to 73,000 residents and was 90% white and 10% black. [7] Like many other urban neighborhoods across the United States undergoing racial change and tensions, many of the white residents began to choose to move to new locations. [4] By 1970, the population had risen to 81,000 and was 69% black and 28% white as South Shore itself became a victim of white flight. By 1980, the population had fallen slightly to 78,000, but was 94% black. [4]

By the late 1990s South Shore had developed into a middle-class African American community. The Chicago Park District purchased the waning South Shore Country Club in 1972, converting it into a cultural center. [8]

Neighborhoods and sub-areas

Map of the South Shore neighborhood. South Shore.PNG
Map of the South Shore neighborhood.

Jackson Park Highlands

The Jackson Park Highlands District is a sixteen block area bounded by East 67th Street on the north. East 71st Street on the south, South Cregier Avenue on the west, and South Jeffrey Boulevard on the east. [9]

The Jackson Park Highlands District is a historic district in the South Shore community area of Chicago. The district was built in 1905 by various architects. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on October 25, 1989. [9]

Jeffery–Cyril Historic District

The Jeffery–Cyril Historic District is a national historic district in the South Shore neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The district comprises a cluster of six apartment buildings on Jeffery Boulevard, 71st Place, and Cyril Avenue. All six buildings were built between 1927 and 1929. [10] The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 5, 1986. [11]

South Shore Bungalow Historic District

The South Shore Bungalow Historic District is a residential historic district in the South Shore neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. The district contains 229 Chicago bungalows and twenty other residential buildings built between 1911 and 1930. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 10, 2008. [11]

Architecture

South Shore Cultural Center 20070602 South Shore Cultural Center.JPG
South Shore Cultural Center

The South Shore Cultural Center, previously the South Shore Country Club, began as a lakefront retreat for the wealthiest of Chicago's movers and shakers. The firm of Marshall and Fox, architects of the Drake, Blackstone, and Edgewater Beach hotels, were hired to design an opulent, Mediterranean-style clubhouse for a membership that included some of Chicago's most prominent families. The grounds provided private stables and members-only beach, and golf course. Tennis, horseback riding, and skeet shooting were enjoyed by guests the likes of Jean Harlow, Will Rogers, and Amelia Earhart. Between the first and second World Wars, a housing boom brought a development of luxury cooperative apartments and mansions to the neighborhood surrounding the club. In 1974 the club held its last members-only event. Today, the Chicago Park District owns the property. It has been restored to its original design and is now open to the public. A major drawback to the South Shore and surrounding South Chicago neighborhoods is that they are one of the few remaining Chicago lakefront neighborhoods that lack a fully publicly accessible neighborhood shoreline. There are lakefront gaps between the existing South Shore Cultural Center and Rainbow Beach to its south. Even larger masses of lakefront land along the South Chicago neighborhood (at the abandoned USX steel mill) with their beautiful vistas of the city's lakefront and Chicago skyline are undergoing development as parks and not completely available for recreational enjoyment by the adjacent neighborhood residents. Presently, Chicago Lakeside Development has proposed plans that call for the completion of this southern portion of lakefront with the development of new parklands, beaches, and a continuous waterfront bicycle and jogging path that will link Calumet Park and Beach in the East Side neighborhood to the South Shore Cultural Center in South Shore. Completion of such a project would result in improved access to Chicago's southern lakefront and connect it to neighborhoods such as Hyde Park and Bronzeville to the north.

At the northern end of South Shore is the historic district Jackson Park Highlands, one of Chicago's greatest examples of structural history and 19th-century architecture, with an abundance of homes in the style of American Foursquare, Colonial Revival, and Renaissance Revival on suburban-sized lots.

Located in the Bryn Mawr section of South Shore is the Allan Miller House at 7121 South Paxton Avenue. Commissioned by advertising executive Allan Miller, this home is an excellent example of Prairie-style architecture. Built in 1915, it is Chicago's only surviving building designed by John Van Bergen, a former member of Frank Lloyd Wright's architecture firm.

Politics

Aerial view of South Shore and Hyde Park in 2015 Aerial view of Chicago, with South Shore and Hyde Park in foreground.jpg
Aerial view of South Shore and Hyde Park in 2015

The South Shore community area has supported the Democratic Party in the past two presidential elections by overwhelming margins. In the 2016 presidential election, the South Shore cast 18,130 votes for Hillary Clinton and cast 373 votes for Donald Trump (96.07% to 1.98%). [12] In the 2012 presidential election, South Shore cast 22,515 votes for Barack Obama and cast 222 votes for Mitt Romney (98.77% to 0.97%). [13]

Crime and policing

On July 14, 2018, the community clashed with the Chicago Police Department after a local barber, Harith Augustus, was shot multiple times by a police officer at 71st Street and Chappel Avenue. Body camera footage without audio was released immediately contrary to past practices of months-long waits for video in other police shootings. Footage taken by body cameras of other officers has not been released. [14] [15] [16]

Culture and religion

The Nation of Islam National Center and Mosque Maryam are at 7351 South Stony Island Avenue. [17] The National Black United Front has its headquarters in the community. [18]

The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Chicago operates Catholic churches. On July 1, 2020, Our Lady of Peace, St. Bride, and St. Philip Neri in South Shore and Our Lady Gate of Heaven Church in Jeffery Manor will merge. [19]

Transportation

The South Shore community area has five stations along the South Chicago Branch of the Metra Electric District. In South Shore, the South Chicago Branch runs the median of along East 71st Street, making stops at Stony Island, Bryn Mawr, and South Shore stations before turning southeast along South Exchange Avenue to make stops at Windsor Park and Cheltenham stations. In addition, the 75th Street station is on the Greater Grand Crossing side of the border between that area and South Shore. [20]

Education

Chicago Public Schools operates district public schools.

Urban Prep Academies has a South Shore Campus. [21]

Muhammad University of Islam, a Nation of Islam-affiliated primary and secondary school, is adjacent to the Mosque Maryam. [17]

Historical population
CensusPop.Note
1930 78,755
1940 79,5931.1%
1950 79,336−0.3%
1960 73,086−7.9%
1970 80,52710.2%
1980 77,743−3.5%
1990 61,517−20.9%
2000 61,5560.1%
2010 49,767−19.2%
2020 53,9718.4%
[1] [22]

Notable people

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hyde Park, Chicago</span> Community area of Chicago

Hyde Park is the 41st of the 77 community areas of Chicago. It is located on the South Side, near the shore of Lake Michigan 7 miles (11 km) south of the Loop.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake View, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Lakeview, also spelled Lake View, is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. Lakeview is located in the city's North Side. It is bordered by West Diversey Parkway on the south, West Irving Park Road on the north, North Ravenswood Avenue on the west, and the shore of Lake Michigan on the east. The Uptown community area is to Lakeview's north, Lincoln Square to its northwest, North Center to its west, and Lincoln Park to its south. The 2020 population of Lakeview was 103,050 residents, making it the second-largest Chicago community area by population.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Woodlawn, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Woodlawn, on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of Chicago's 77 community areas. It is bounded by Lake Michigan to the east, 60th Street to the north, Martin Luther King Drive to the west, and 67th Street to the south. Both Hyde Park Career Academy and the all-boys Catholic Mount Carmel High School are in this neighborhood; much of its eastern portion is occupied by Jackson Park. The Woodlawn section of the park includes the site of the planned Obama Presidential Center, an estimated $500 million investment. The northern edge of Woodlawn contains a portion of the campus of the University of Chicago.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rogers Park, Chicago</span> Community area in the United States

Rogers Park is the first of Chicago's 77 community areas. Located 9 miles (14 km) from the Loop, it is on the city's far north side on the shore of Lake Michigan. The neighborhood is culturally diverse and features green spaces, early 20th century architecture, live theater, bars, restaurants, and beaches. It is bounded by the city of Evanston along Juneway Terrace and Howard Street to the north, Ridge Boulevard to the west, Devon Avenue and the Edgewater neighborhood to the south, and Lake Michigan to the east. The neighborhood just to the west, West Ridge, was part of Rogers Park until the 1890s and is still sometimes referred to as West Rogers Park. In the early 1900s, what is now Loyola University Chicago became established at the south eastern end of the community area along the lake.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lake Shore Drive</span> Lake-side expressway in Chicago, Illinois, United States

Lake Shore Drive is an expressway that runs alongside the shoreline of Lake Michigan, and adjacent to parkland and beaches, in Chicago. Except for the portion north of Foster Avenue, Lake Shore Drive is designated as part of U.S. Highway 41. A portion of the expressway on the Outer Drive Bridge and its bridge approaches is multilevel.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Washington Park (community area), Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Washington Park is a community area on the South Side of Chicago which includes the 372 acre (1.5 km2) park of the same name, stretching east-west from Cottage Grove Avenue to the Dan Ryan Expressway, and north-south from 51st Street to 63rd. It is home to the DuSable Museum of African American History. The park was the proposed site of the Olympic Stadium and the Olympic Aquatics Center in Chicago's bid to host the 2016 Summer Olympics.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Albany Park, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Albany Park is one of 77 well-defined community areas of Chicago. Located on the Northwest Side of the City of Chicago with the North Branch of the Chicago River forming its east and north boundaries, it includes the ethnically diverse Albany Park neighborhood, with one of the highest percentages of foreign-born residents of any Chicago neighborhood.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Edgewater, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Edgewater is a lakefront community area on the North Side of the city of Chicago, Illinois six miles north of the Loop. The most recently established of the city's 77 official community areas, Edgewater is bounded by Foster Avenue on the south, Devon Avenue on the north, Ravenswood Avenue on the west, and Lake Michigan on the east. Edgewater contains several beaches for residents to enjoy. Chicago's largest park, Lincoln Park, stretches south from Edgewater for seven miles along the waterfront, almost to downtown. Until 1980, Edgewater was part of Uptown, and historically it constituted the northeastern corner of Lake View Township, an independent suburb annexed by the city of Chicago in 1889. Today, Uptown is to Edgewater's south, Lincoln Square to its west, West Ridge to its northwest and Rogers Park to its north.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Logan Square, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Logan Square is an official community area, historical neighborhood, and public square on the northwest side of the City of Chicago. The Logan Square community area is one of the 77 city-designated community areas established for planning purposes. The Logan Square neighborhood, located within the Logan Square community area, is centered on the public square that serves as its namesake, located at the three-way intersection of Milwaukee Avenue, Logan Boulevard and Kedzie Boulevard.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Portage Park, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Portage Park is located on the northwest side of the City of Chicago, Illinois and is one of 77 officially designated Chicago community areas. Portage Park is bordered by the community areas of Jefferson Park and Forest Glen to the north, Dunning and the suburb of Harwood Heights to the west, Irving Park to the east and Belmont-Cragin to the south.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Near South Side, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

The Near South Side is a community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States, just south of the downtown central business district, the Loop. The Near South Side's boundaries are as follows: North—Roosevelt Road ; South—26th Street; West—Chicago River between Roosevelt and 18th Street, Clark Street between 18th Street and Cermak Road, Federal between Cermak Road and the Stevenson Expressway just south of 25th Street, and Clark Street again between the Stevenson and 26th Street; and East—Lake Michigan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">West Ridge, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

West Ridge is one of 77 Chicago community areas. It is a middle-class neighborhood located on the far North Side of the City of Chicago. It is located in the 50th ward and the 40th ward.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Douglas, Chicago</span> Community area in Illinois, United States

Douglas, on the South Side of Chicago, Illinois, is one of Chicago's 77 community areas. The neighborhood is named for Stephen A. Douglas, Illinois politician and Abraham Lincoln's political foe, whose estate included a tract of land given to the federal government. This tract later was developed for use as the Civil War Union training and prison camp, Camp Douglas, located in what is now the eastern portion of the Douglas neighborhood. Douglas gave that part of his estate at Cottage Grove and 35th to the Old University of Chicago. The Chicago 2016 Olympic bid planned for the Olympic Village to be constructed on a 37-acre (15 ha) truck parking lot, south of McCormick Place, that is mostly in the Douglas community area and partly in the Near South Side.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Kenwood, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Kenwood, one of Chicago's 77 community areas, is on the shore of Lake Michigan on the South Side of the city. Its boundaries are 43rd Street, 51st Street, Cottage Grove Avenue, and the lake. Kenwood was originally part of Hyde Park Township, which was annexed to the city of Chicago in 1889. Kenwood was once one of Chicago's most affluent neighborhoods, and it still has some of the largest single-family homes in the city. It contains two Chicago Landmark districts, Kenwood and North Kenwood. A large part of the southern half of the community area is in the Hyde Park-Kenwood Historic District. In recent years, Kenwood has received national attention as the home of former U.S. President Barack Obama.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chatham, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Chatham is one of the 77 community areas of the city of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the city's South Side. It includes the neighborhoods of Chatham-Avalon, Chatham Club, Chesterfield, East Chatham, West Chatham and the northern portion of West Chesterfield. Its residents are predominantly African American, and it is home to former Senator Roland Burris. Housing many city employees and other officials, Chatham has been a central area for Chicago's middle-class African Americans since the late 1950s.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Chicago, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

South Chicago, formerly known as Ainsworth, is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">South Deering, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

South Deering, located on Chicago's far South Side, is the largest of the 77 official community areas of that city. Primarily an industrial area, a small residential neighborhood exists in the northeast corner and Lake Calumet takes up a large portion of the area. 80% of the community area is zoned as industrial, natural wetlands, or parks. The remaining 20% is zoned for residential and small-scale commercial uses. It is part of the 10th Ward, once under the control of former Richard J. Daley ally Alderman Edward Vrdolyak.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">East Side, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

East Side is one of the 77 official community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is on the far south side of the city, between the Calumet River and the Illinois-Indiana state line, 13 miles (21 km) south of downtown Chicago. The neighborhood has a park on Lake Michigan, Calumet Park, and a forest, Eggers Grove Forest Preserve. The forest preserve has hiking/walking trails, picnic grounds and birdwatching. It is served by U.S. Highway 12, U.S. Highway 20, and U.S. Highway 41.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Greater Grand Crossing, Chicago</span> Community area in Chicago

Greater Grand Crossing is one of the 77 community areas of Chicago, Illinois. It is located on the city's South Side.

The Jackson Park Highlands District is a historic district in the South Shore community area of Chicago, Illinois, United States. The district was built in 1905 by various architects. It was designated a Chicago Landmark on October 25, 1989.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Community Data Snapshot – South Shore" (PDF). MetroPulse. Retrieved April 15, 2017.
  2. "Chicago's Most Depopulated Neighborhoods – NBC Chicago". 3 May 2013.
  3. Quaife, Milo M. (1933). Checagou: From Indian Wigwam to Modern City, 1673–1835. Chicago, Ill: University of Chicago Press. OCLC   1865758.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Ramsey, Emily (March 19, 2008). "NRHP Registration Form: South Shore Bungalow Historic District". for the Historic Chicago Bungalow Association. Washington, D.C.: National Park Service . Retrieved October 23, 2021.[ dead link ]
  5. Orum, Anthony (2005). "Governing the Metropolis". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved July 19, 2007.
  6. Cain, Louis P. (2005). "Annexation". The Electronic Encyclopedia of Chicago. Chicago Historical Society. Retrieved September 8, 2008.
  7. Best, Wallace. "South Shore". Encyclopedia of Chicago. Retrieved 9 January 2024.
  8. "South Shore Country Club — The Story of a House". Glessner House. 2016-02-15. Retrieved 2023-09-29.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 McLenahan, William (October 25, 1989). "Designation of Jackson Park Highlands District as Chicago Landmark" (PDF). Chicago City Council Journal of Proceedings. pp. 5929–5934. Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  10. Rathbun, Peter; Kirchner, Charles (December 9, 1985). "National Register of Historic Places Inventory – Nomination Form: Jeffery-Cyril Historic District" (PDF). Illinois Historic Preservation Division . Retrieved October 5, 2019.[ dead link ]
  11. 1 2 "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places . National Park Service. November 2, 2013.
  12. Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2016). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2016 Presidential Election". DNAInfo . Archived from the original on September 24, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  13. Ali, Tanveer (November 9, 2012). "How Every Chicago Neighborhood Voted In The 2012 Presidential Election". DNAInfo . Archived from the original on February 3, 2019. Retrieved October 4, 2019.
  14. "Chicago police release body camera footage of man killed by officers". CNN . 15 July 2018.
  15. "South Shore 'family' honors barber killed by police — 'one of the quiet ones'". 20 July 2018.
  16. "Johnson says no audio on two video recordings of the fatal police shooting of Harith Augustus - Chicago Tribune". Chicago Tribune . 18 July 2018.
  17. 1 2 "Home page". Nation of Islam . Retrieved February 26, 2009.
  18. "National Office Archived 2011-09-27 at the Wayback Machine ." National Black United Front. Retrieved on September 28, 2011. "1809 East 71st, Suite 211 Chicago, Illinois 60649"
  19. Anderson, Javonte (2020-02-07). "23 Chicago-area Roman Catholic parishes to close, merge in latest round of restructuring". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved 2020-05-08.
  20. Lane, Laura (January 19, 2014). "Map: South Shore Line, Metra Electric Line". The Times of Northwest Indiana . Retrieved June 11, 2020.
  21. South Shore. Urban Prep Academies. Retrieved on December 10, 2010.
  22. Paral, Rob. "Chicago Community Areas Historical Data". Archived from the original on 18 March 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2012.
  23. Mitch, Dudek (October 14, 2018). "Marshall Bennett helped develop the industrial real estate market in Chicago". Chicago Sun-Times .
  24. Spangenburg, Ray (2004). Carl Sagan: A Biography. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 44. ISBN   9780313322655 . Retrieved December 15, 2021.
  25. Year: 1940; Census Place: Chicago, Cook, Illinois; Roll: m-t0627-00935; Page: 62A; Enumeration District: 103-458
  26. Taub, Michael; Shatzky, Joel, eds. (1997). Contemporary Jewish-American Novelists: A Bio-critical Sourcebook. Santa Barbara, California: Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 64. ISBN   9780313294624 . Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  27. "10 self-made American billionaires". Business Insider . January 14, 2017. Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  28. Heimer, Matt (December 24, 2018). "The Shrinking Middle Class: How We Got Here, And Why" . Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  29. "History in South Shore". Domu . Retrieved November 29, 2019.
  30. "Chicagoan Commands Flight of B-36s to Africa". Chicago Tribune . December 3, 1951.
  31. "It's Mother's Day for Americans Thruout the World: Son in Australia After Retreat from Bataan". Chicago Tribune . May 10, 1942.
  32. "Third Life of Goetz Revealed; 'Wife' Is Hunted: Find So. Shore Home of College Gangster". Chicago Tribune . March 23, 1934. p. 3.
  33. United States Census: Year: 1940; Census Place: Chicago, Cook, Illinois; Roll: m-t0627-00934; Page: 11B; Enumeration District: 103-436 via HeritageQuest
  34. Van Matre, Lynn (July 15, 1999). "Reliving Old Times at Earl of Old Town". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved April 11, 2019.
  35. Lewis, Gerald (May 15, 2009). South Shore Days 1940's & '50's. Lulu.com. p. 209. ISBN   978-0578024776 . Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  36. Mascarello, Heather (February 8, 2016). "America's Got Talent Semi-Finalist to Visit Clarendon Hills". Patch. Retrieved October 15, 2021.
  37. 1 2 3 4 5 Zengerle, Jason (November 3, 2012). "Jr". New York . Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  38. 1 2 Rhodes, Steve (June 28, 2007). "What Does Junior Want?". Chicago . Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  39. 1 2 Jassen, Kim (March 1, 2018). "Jesse Jackson Jr. to judge: Let me sell the home where my wife and kids live". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved October 12, 2021.
  40. Jae, Jeremiah (July 14, 2014). "The Good Times Are Here To Stay: Jeremiah Jae brings "The Heat"" (Interview). Interviewed by Justin Staple. Vice . Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  41. 1 2 Castle, George (April 1, 2016). Jackie Robinson West: The Triumph and Tragedy of America's Favorite Little League Team. Lanham, Maryland: Lyons Press. p. 53. ISBN   9781630761264 . Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  42. NBC Sports Chicago Staff (April 13, 2020). "Glenn Beckert's death, '69 Cubs underscore value of sports in a crisis". NBC 5 Chicago . Retrieved September 14, 2021.
  43. Lewis, Gerald (May 15, 2009). South Shore Days 1940's & '50's. Gerald Lewis. p. 66. ISBN   9780578024776 . Retrieved October 11, 2021.
  44. Greenberg, Steve. "At 93, Marv Levy no longer defined by Super Bowl losses". juf.com. Retrieved 13 July 2019.
  45. Amer, Robin (February 23, 2013). "David Mamet's Chicago roots". WBEZ . Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  46. Illinois Blue Book 1935-1936 page 115
  47. Nordgren, Sarah (August 2, 1992). "Senate Candidate Battles the Odds in Illinois". Los Angeles Times . Retrieved October 9, 2019.
  48. 1 2 Rossi, Rosalind (January 20, 2007). "The woman behind Obama". Chicago Sun-Times . Archived from the original on February 15, 2008. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  49. 1 2 Saslow, Eli (February 1, 2009). "From the Second City, An Extended First Family". The Washington Post. Retrieved July 24, 2010.
  50. 1 2 Finnegan, William (May 31, 2004). "The Candidate: How the Son of a Kenyan Economist Became an Illinois Everyman". The New Yorker. Retrieved January 22, 2008.
  51. 1 2 Pickert, Kate (October 13, 2008). "Michelle Obama, A Life". Time . Archived from the original on October 14, 2008. Retrieved January 8, 2009.
  52. "Author is rooted to the South Side". Chicago Tribune . 14 January 2007.
  53. Lavin, Cheryl (July 11, 1999). "The Metafiscal Guru". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved March 31, 2019.
  54. Strauss, Ben (December 8, 2011). "The Prayerful Young Man Can Also Nail a Jumper". The New York Times . Retrieved December 12, 2011.
  55. Myers, Marc (February 4, 2020). "The Theater Granted Mandy Patinkin an Escape From Reality". Wall Street Journal . Retrieved August 11, 2020.
  56. "Elia W. Peattie, Former Tribune Writer Is Dead: Literary Critic and City's Second Girl Reporter". Chicago Tribune . July 13, 1935. p. 10.
  57. "Petrakis Signs Contract". Southeast Economist. December 22, 1957. p. 14.
  58. Petrakis, Henry Mark (2014). Song of My Life: A Memoir. University of South Carolina Press. ISBN   9781611175035 . Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  59. Kening, Dan (March 16, 1993). "Breakfast champion WNUA morning man Dean Richards avoids the usual 'deejay' stuff". Chicago Tribune via ProQuest.
  60. 1 2 Rotella, Carlo (April 26, 2019). The World Is Always Coming to an End: Pulling Together and Apart in a Chicago Neighborhood. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. ISBN   9780226624037 . Retrieved October 18, 2021.
  61. Belanger, Christian (May 10, 2019). "Documenting a Divide in South Shore". Chicago . Retrieved December 29, 2019.
  62. Smith, Bryan (January 20, 2021). "Stuck on the South Side". Chicago . Retrieved January 20, 2021.
  63. Illinois Blue Book 1915-1916. p. 716. Retrieved April 10, 2022.
  64. Burne, Tom (September 11, 1995). "Chicago a dirty word in Seattle political feud: Washington state GOP paints ex-Illinoisan as power hungry". Chicago Tribune via ProQuest.
  65. McKinlay, Archibald (May 11, 1999). "Burnham gangster Torrio laid plans for supermob". Times of Northwest Indiana . Retrieved March 8, 2021.
  66. Barnett, Edward (ed.). "Illinois Members of the 80th Congress". Illinois Blue Book 1947-1948. p. 98. Retrieved March 13, 2023.
  67. "Miss Mary Lake and Chas. R. Walgreen Jr. to Wed This Evening". Chicago Tribune . June 28, 1928.
  68. Watson, James D. (2007). "Avoid Boring People: Lessons from a Life in Science". Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN   9780375412844 . Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  69. Jackson, Malik (October 14, 2020). "The Road There Is A Battlefield". South Side Weekly. Retrieved November 18, 2020.
  70. Cholke, Sam (October 5, 2017). "Kanye West's Boyhood Home To Be Torn Down To Become South Side Arts Center". DNAinfo . Archived from the original on April 30, 2020. Retrieved November 30, 2019.
  71. Vorva, Jeff (March 31, 2010). "Cubs to honor Glen Ellyn's Billy Williams with statue". Chicago Tribune . Retrieved September 14, 2021.